The research deals with the historic center of Barcelona between 1979 and 2011. The period is marked by a continuity of government unique in democratic systems, which has allowed the development of almost complete administrative, urban and cultural processes. The experience of Barcelona has been extensively studied and celebrated. Now, with the period of social democrat administration came to an end and architectural criticism more open to accommodate more scientific readings of that experience, the paper proposes an approach to the Barcelona Model through the study of the regeneration of Ciutat Vella (the historic center of Barcelona). The reasons for this choice are the crucial role that the historical centers have in European cities and in the peculiarities of the transformation of the old city in Barcelona. Parallel to the historical reconstruction , the study deals with the interaction between architecture and politics with respect to management and transformation of the urban reality, taking into account how economic and political globalization, on the one hand, and cultural and technological evolution, on the other hand, have changed the scenery of urban and architectural planning in recent years. The first part is an introduction and gives the coordinates in terms of edition and historic bases indispensable for understanding the thesis. In the second part, the research overviews thirty two years of planning and interventions in Ciutat Vella in a detailed explanation supported by data, documents and experiences. The period 1979-2011 is divided into four stages, treated in four sections: during the 1979-1986 stage, architects and politicians work together to fill the basic urban needs; from 1987 to 1996, the new administrative tools and Olympic success impart a strong acceleration to the renewal; from 1997 to 2004, the transformations reach their acme, thus raising protests and hopes; in the last step 2005-2011 , the architecture focuses on specific problems while the visionary policy fades. In this second part we have eight case studies (presented two at the end of each section) whose story and whose design features are considered to be representative of broader issues discussed in the text. The cases are: the square and gardens Emili Vendrell; square Mercè; the Fossar de les Moreres; the Rambla del Raval; the residences of so-called Porta Cambo; the square of the Vila de Madrid; the square George Orwell; Carrer Joaquín Costa. The third and final part of the work (that of the apparatuses), contains a bibliography and a list of media sources. In th is part there are also three interviews with key people in the transformation process described: novelist Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (met in 2001); former major Joan Clos; architect and politician Itziar González. The thesis takes the transformation of Ciutal Vella during the thirty years of socialist administration as a base to start a broader discussion about the relationship between architecture (cultural and technicalwise), historic city (as a physical and social multi-layered reality) and politics (considered as a combination of program, strategy and management) as a key to understanding the meaning of the contribution that architecture can make to the improvement of the city and society in the new global realities.

Texte remanié de: Th. Etat--Paris X, 1985. / Bibliogr. p. 552-578. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--New York--Columbia university. / Bibliogr. p. 125-136. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Zürich, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 318-345.

This investigation is based on a study of the recently emerging problems in certain Mediterranean cities due to the widening gap between their physical and historical context and their natural boundaries. The first approach has arisen with the transformation of the city's dimensional scale throughout the 20th century, giving rise to new urban models. The second approach is based on the city's morphological alterations which are reflected in the visible changes in the images and identities. The morphological study of the contemporary Mediterranean city has thus given rise to various questions, namely does a Mediterranean city systematically transform in less than one century? In the last decades, the ancient city of Jaffa possessed all the characteristics of a Middle Eastern Mediterranean city (port, direct contact with the sea, different types of markets, socio-cultural diversity, intermediate scale, etc.) but recently due to different religious, political and economic developments, the region underwent significant changes that entailed a turnaround in the way to perceive, plan and inhabit the city. Therefore, there is a substantial spatial difference between the East and the West. particularly in the urban planning of the new city (Tel Aviv). From then on, the most ancient part of Jaffa began coexisting with the more modern 20th century city, the Garden City of Tel Aviv. How did such a boundary between two visibly antagonistic cities form? Did the destruction of a large part of Jaffa entail this paradigm shift? Can a Mediterranean city become a global city? Is the image of a city a direct reflection of its socio-cultural identity? This study is divided according to three historical periods that directly reflect the city's typologies that emerged in the last century. The first part of this thesis analyzes the last period of the Mediterranean city at the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1917, describing the socio-cultural context in the region, in which we will examine the type of human scale in Mediterranean public spaces, the socio-cultural diversity between its different neighborhoods, as well as the direct relationship between the city and the sea following the destruction of the fortified wall of ancient Jaffa. The second part of the research describes the city's typology at the creation of the new urban plan of the Garden City (Geddes Plan) in the 1920s under the British Mandate of Palestine, which attempts to compare the disciplinary content of contemporary city plans in the 20th century -Brasilia, Chandigarh and Canberra- in relation to Tel Aviv. Finally, the third section examines the current typology of the city, with its Mediterranean-Garden past, through an urban project analysis describing the type of urban model that has seemingly consolidated in the 21 st century the "Linear City'', with transportation infrastructures as the predominating element, more solidly established by the 1960s due to the political alliance with the United States, and following which its reflection of widespread globalization consolidated in the 1980s. / Esta investigación basa su estudio en los problemas que se estarían desarrollando actualmente en ciertas ciudades mediterráneas en relación al alejamiento de sus características físicas históricas con su contexto y con sus límites naturales. La primera aproximación está planteada mediante la transformación en la escala dimensional de la ciudad durante el siglo XX, y como los sucesivos cambios escalares generaron los nue-.us modelos urbanos. La segunda aproximación se basa en las alteraciones morfológicas que derivaron en los visibles cambios sobre las imágenes e identidades. A través del estudio morfológico de la ciudad mediterránea contemporánea fueron surgiendo diferentes interrogantes, como: ¿Puede una ciudad de origen mediterráneo transformarse casi sistemáticamente en un periodo menor a cien años? Hasta hace pocas décadas, la ciudad antigua de Yafo poseía las características de una ciudad netamente mediterránea de Oriente Medio (ciudad puerto. contacto directo con el mar. diferentes tipos de mercados. multi-diversidad sociocultural, escala intermedia, etc.) pero por diferentes cuestiones de índole religiosa, política y económica, la región padeció cambios sustanciales que produjeron un giro en el modo de entender. planificar y habitar la ciudad. Es por ello que se produjo una marcada diferencia espacial entre Oriente y Occidente justamente en el modo de planificar la nueva parte de la ciudad (Tel Aviv). De allí que la parte más antigua de la ciudad comenzaba a convivir con la parte más moderna de las ciudades del siglo XX, la ciudad jardín de Tel Aviv. ¿Cómo fue la configuración espacial en un área fronteriza conformada por dos ciudades tan antagónicas?, ¿la destrucción de una gran parte de la ciudad histórica de Yafo pudo haber producido un cambio de paradigma?, ¿una ciudad mediterránea se puede convertir en una ciudad global? ¿Es la imagen de la ciudad el reflejo directo de su identidad sociocultural? Este estudio se encuentra dividido en tres períodos históricos que reflejarían directamente las tipologías de ciudad que se identificaron en el último siglo: La primera parte analiza la última etapa de la ciudad mediterránea tras la calda del Imperio Otomano en 1917, describiendo el contexto socio-cultural en la región, y examinando el tipo de escala que se identificaba en el espacio público mediterráneo, la multi-diversidad sociocultural que se impartía entre los diferentes barrios, como a su vez, la relación directa que se producía entre la ciudad y el mar mediterráneo posterior al derribo de las murallas defensivas de la ciudad antigua de Yafo. La segunda parte de la investigación describe la tipología de ciudad conformada bajo la nueva planificación de la ciudad jardín (Plan Geddes) y desarrollada a mediados de la década de 1920 bajo el control y consolidación del Mandato Británico en Palestina, en donde se efectúa una comparación sobre el contenido disciplinar de los planes de las ciudades contemporáneas -Brasilia, Chandigarh y Canberra- en relación a Tel Aviv. Por último, la tercera parte examina la tipología actual de ciudad, con su pasado mediterráneo-jardín, a través de un análisis proyectual que describe un nuevo modelo que se estaría consolidando en el siglo XXI bajo el concepto de la "ciudad lineal", con las infraestructuras de movilidad como el elemento predominante. La misma se fue conformando a principios de la década de 1960 a través de la alineación política con los Estados Unidos. y su reflejo directo en la consolidación de la globalización a partir de la década de 1980.

The main target in this thesis wants to demonstrate that there is an architectonic vision who incorporales through historie principies belonging to theater and its scene, which has enriched the formal creation on project and its connection with human acts and habits in social life within its spacial expression in the architectonic and urban context. In arder to base this thesis, it was necessary to look the histor ie, geographical ,social and political context on theater.With a complementary architectonic vision given by the observation on sketches texts and photos done on voyages through Greece,France, North of ltaly in 1997, 2006 and 2008 respectively. This work collects the experience lived in theater presentations and its maturation relatad to architecture. lts development was possible doing a formativa and biographic way linked with teaching and study traveling contemplating the architectonic act, befare and inside the scenic spaces visitad. lt seemed coherent for the greeks to place their theaters in front of a valley,a vineyard or the sea. Because through this territory their staging had a 'full of sense' background. This was changad in the next theater expressions ,as political , social and cultural relations change, so changas the scene in its location and meaning in order to build the scenic act. Collective work is fundamental in theater. There lies the importance of precarious theaters, on streets, that emerge from time to time, a collective organization since long ago. They contribute with a significan! public scene in the city,as an appropriat ion way not always appreciated by the citizen and authorities. lt has been necessary to study sorne reference works from theater and historie architecture, from Greece to present times. And also study actual street theater and the way it uses public space giving it a new value. This complex relation among Architecture and Theater, within the architectonic project, understood through its acts, relates and give value to human condition, and improves architecture as an art, where the inhabitant and its acts are the center on the architect's task. / El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis ha sido demostrar que existe una visión arquitectónica que ha incorporado principios propios de la escena teatral a través de la historia, que han enriquecido la creación formal del proyecto y su vinculación con los usos y actos humanos en la construcción de la vida en sociedad en su expresión espacial, en el contexto arquitectónico y urbano. Para fundamentarla ha sido necesario revisar el contexto histórico, geográfico y socio-político del oficio del Teatro, complementado con la observación arquitectónica mediante croquis, textos y fotografías realizados en la experiencia de viajes arquitectónicos realizados por Grecia, sur de Francia y norte de Italia, en los años 1997, 2006 y 2008,correspondientemente. Cabe considerar que este estudio también ha recogido una experiencia vivida del trabajo en teatro y su maduración, en la relación con la arquitectura, se ha generado por un camino biográfico y formativo, vinculado a la labor docente y los viajes en los cuales se ha podido verificar y observar el acto arquitectónico ante y dentro de los espacios escénicos visitados. Parecía que a los griegos les resultaba muy coherente emplazar sus teatros frente al valle, a una viña o frente al mar. Puesto que a través de estos parámetros espaciales-territoriales, sus representaciones contaban con un fondo de escena "pleno de sentido".Esto cambia en las expresiones teatrales posteriores. Así como se transforman las relaciones políticas-sociales y culturales también cambia la escena en su ubicación y significación para la construcción del acto escénico. El trabajo colectivo en teatro es fundamental y ha sido uno de los aportes importantes de los teatros precarios, callejeros, de organización colectiva, que han surgido cada cierto tiempo y desde tiempos muy antiguos, aportando un componente significativo en la conformación del espacio público-escénico en la ciudad, como modo de apropiación,a veces no valorados por el ciudadano y sus autoridades y para lo cual ha sido necesario estudiar casos referenciales de la historia del teatro y mediante ello la historia de la arquitectura, desde Grecia hasta la actualidad y también revisar el movimiento actual callejero y cómo este utiliza el espacio público, revalorizándolo. Esta relación compleja, entre Arquitectura y Teatro, en un Proyecto arquitectónico comprendido a través de sus actos, relaciona y potencia dimensiones profundamente humanas, enriquece la propuesta de una arquitectura pensada como Arte, en donde el habitante y sus actos son el centro del quehacer del arquitecto .

Actualmente, más del 50% de la población mundial vive en áreas urbanas (75% en EU), y las ciudades concentran entre un 60-80% del consumo energético global y el mismo porcentaje de las emisiones de GEI CO2. Así mismo, producen el 50% de residuos a nivel global, consumen 75% de los recursos naturales y concentran el 80% del PIB (UNEP-DTIE, 2013). -El cambio climático tiene el potencial de influir casi el total de los componentes del medio urbano y genera nuevos y complejos retos para la calidad de vida, la salud y la biodiversidad urbanas. Algunas ciudades experimentarán sequías y elevadas temperaturas. Otras podrían experimentar inundaciones. El cambio climático afectará muchos aspectos de la vida en una ciudad, desde la calidad del aire, hasta los patrones de consumo. La UE ha puesto en marcha ambiciosas políticas e iniciativas para promover soluciones sobre el terreno, entre las que se incluyen iniciativas para aumentar la resiliencia y promover tanto las energías renovables como las tecnologías de baja emisión de carbono. (EC, 2015). Las ciudades ya han comenzado a desarrollar políticas, planes y acciones específicas para la mitigación o la adaptación al cambio climático, y un relativamente pequeño pero creciente número de ellas, se encuentran liderando pioneros enfoques integrados basados en la resiliencia, que buscan responder a los retos presentados por la incertidumbre y la imprevisible naturaleza de los fenómenos que se abordan, lo cual se ve aunado a una falta de conocimiento especializado en cambio climático, en términos de investigación, evaluación, métodos, herramientas y habilidades de planeación. (EU, 2013). Haciendo una revisión en torno a los principios clave del desarrollo sostenible y a los retos clave a nivel urbano, tales como el cambio global ambiental y climático, aquí se presenta una metodología para el diseño de un proceso de transición hacia la resiliencia urbana. La metodología está basada en la amplia participación de los tomadores de decisiones, siguiendo los principios de co-diseño y co-evolución. El elemento más innovador de la metodología está relacionado con su contribución en términos de la teoría de la planeación y las prácticas para la resiliencia urbana a través de escalas tanto temporales como espaciales, lo cual se encuentra poco desarrollado actualmente. Además, el enfoque participativo del proceso de diseño redefine el rol de los planificadores aportando una perspectiva más amplia, no más como demiurgo, sino como un facilitador en los procesos de diseño y El objetivo original de la tesis, es el desarrollo de una metodología para la evaluación integrada del desarrollo urbano sostenible, expandido y ampliado para abordar la necesidad que existe, como se prueba tanto en la existencia de literatura científica como de documentos de políticas de la UE y de la ONU, de encontrar nuevas formas y métodos para la planeación en términos de resiliencia urbana, vista como un proceso dinámico y continuo de adaptación de la ciudad que permita un balance entre la necesidad de reducir el riesgo y la de innovar, todo ello para aumentar el bienestar de los ciudadanos a través de la co-evolución basada en procesos de planeación participativa. El resultado obtenido es una metodología de diseño de procesos completamente funcional para la transición hacia la resiliencia urbana, incluyendo un enfoque sistémico y un método de evaluación integrada de la sostenibilidad, el cual ha sido desarrollado desde su concepción a un Nivel de Preparación Tecnológica 7-8, finalmente incluyendo una demostración del prototipo del sistema en un ambiente operativo. / Today over 50% of world population lives in urban areas (75% in EU), and cities account for 60-80% of global energy consumption and the same share of GHG CO2, producing 50% of global waste, consuming 75% of natural resources and producing 80% of global GDP. (UNEP-DTIE, 2013) ¿Climate change has the potential to influence almost all components of the urban environment and raises new, complex challenges for quality of urban life, health and urban biodiversity. Some cities will experience droughts and increased temperatures. Others may experience floods. Climate change will affect many aspects of urban living from air quality to consumption patterns. The EU has put in place ambitious policies and initiatives to promoting solutions on the ground. These include initiatives to increase resilience and promote renewable energies and low-carbon technologies. (EC, 2015) Cities have already started to develop specific mitigation or adaption or risk policies/plans/actions; and a relatively small but growing number of them are now pioneering an integrated approach urban resilience based, facing challenges related uncertainty and unpredictability of the phenomena they are addressing, and ultimately suffering for a lack of knowledge in terms of research, evaluation methods/tools and planning skills. (EU, 2013) Following a review of sustainable development principles and key urban challenges, as climate and global environmental changes, it is here presented a process design methodology for urban resilience transition. The methodology is based on broad stakeholders' participation, following co-design and co-evolution principles. The most innovative element of the process design methodology is related to the contribution in terms of planning theory and practices for urban resilience, cross-scale both in time and space, which is currently very little understood and developed. Furthermore the participatory process design approach re-define the role of planner in a wider perspective, not any longer as demiurges, but as facilitator of planning and design processes. The original objective of the thesis, to develop a methodology for integrated evaluation of sustainable urban development, was expanded and broadened to address the very needed request, as proven by both existence of scientific literature and EU/UN policy document, for new forms and methodology of planning addressing urban resilience, as a dynamic process of continuous adaptation of cities balancing between the need to reduce risk and to innovate, ultimately to increase well-being urban citizens, through co-evolution based participatory planning processes. The results is a fully working process design methodology for urban resilient transition, including the original system thinking approach and embedded with an integrated evaluation of sustainability system, which has been developed from inception to a Technology Readiness Level 7-8, finally including the system prototype demonstration in operational environment.

The aim ofthis thesis is to create an analytical framework to understand the specificity and potential of these areas from a critical view of the current extensive growth model operating on the territory, which is performing strategic areas that can offer instrumental knowledge useful for the project in the contemporary city. As an alternative to the reductionism or the lack of flexibility and excessive spatial determinism that often characterize this type of spaces, thes thesis proposes an alternative vision based on a carfeul reading of the specific elements and its resources (the specificity of the precedent) as well as the understanding and use of its proven potential resistance in front of the dynamics established (marginal value) states the criteria and develops the intervention guidelines in from their recognition as areas critical to the recovery of the biophysical matrix and the orientation of post-industrial urban establisments, articulate their protection and promote the systematic destruction regular updating through an active and progressive incorporation into proceses of contemporary urban innovation.The thesis is divided into four main research parts. The first part aims to clarify the origins of the research and the decisive moments of change. To grasp today's potential, infrastructural voids need to be analyzed and understood before the developing role of the transportation and telecommunication infrastructures in shaping the contemporary city and the dynamics that have generated their evolution. That is why the impact is analyzed in the context of technological advances in urban ideology and configured to set up a tradition based analysis(2.Background). The second part, once introduced in its specific research topic, and having a certain state of affairs, aims to find conceptual parameters and operational strategies to objectify precisely the framework of the research (3. Conclusions : conceptual parameters , operational strategies). The third part is based on the assumptions set out in the second and with the intention of verifying its validity, and consist in the application of conceptual parameters as research tools in selected opertional strategies (4. Strategic Sample Applications). Finally, the fifth part is the application of conceptual parameters as instruments of research in a case study, Barcelona, with the aim ofverifying its real potential (5. Barcelona. Aspecific application). / L'objectiu de la tesi és analitzar la especificitat i el potencial deis buits infraestructurals des d'una visió crítica envers el model operatiu vigent de creixement urbà extensiu sobre el territori, interpretant que es tracta d'espais estrategics que poden proporcionar un coneixement instrumental de gran valua pel projecte alternatiu de la ciutat contemporània. Com alternativa al reduccionisme programàtic o bé a la manca de flexibilitat i l'excés de determinisme espcial que sovint caracteritzen aquest tipus d'espais , la tesi proposa una visió alternativa que, basada en una lectura atenta i específica dels elements existents i dels seus recursos (la específicitat dels seus precedents) així com en l'enteniment i l'aprofitament del seu demostrat potencial de resistència enfront de les dinàmiques establertes (valor de marginalitat), sàpiga elaborar aquells criteris i aquelles pautes d'intervenció que, a partir del seu reconeixement com a espais decisius per la recuperació de la matriu biofisica i per la reorientació deis establiments urbans post industrials , articulin la seva protecció davant la sistematica destrucció habitual i promoguin la seva actualització mitjançant una activa i progressiva incorporació als processos d'innovació urbana contemporanis. La tesi s'estructura entorn de 4 parts d'investigació principals. La primera part té com objectiu precisar quis són els orígens de recerca i alhora, i no menys important, quins són els moments de canvi decisius relatius a l'objecte de la tesi. Per poder copsar el potencial que tenen avui els espais buits postindustrials és necessari abans analitzar i entendre quin ha estat el rol que han desenvolupat les infraestructures de transport i telecomunicacions en la configuració de la ciutat contemporània i les dinàmiques qua han condicionat la seva evolució. És per això que s'analitza la incidència dels avenços tecnològics en la ideología de l'espai urbà i es configura una tradició propia per establir la base de l'analisi (2. Antecedents). La segona part, una vegada generada la tradició pròpia i específica de la recerca, i havent determinat un estat de la qüestió, permet determinar uns paràmetres conceptuals i unes estratègies operatives concretes que acoten i objectiven de forma precisa el marc de la recerca (3. Conclusions: parametres conceptuals , estratègies operatives). La tercera part, a partir de les premises establertes en la segona i amb la intenció de verificar la seva validesa, consisteix en la aplicació deis paràmetres conceptuals com instruments de recerca en les estratègies operatives seleccionades (4. Aplicacions estratègiques exemplars). Finalment, la cinquena part consisteix en la aplicació desl paràmetres conceptuals com instruments de recerca sobre el cas real de Barcelona, també amb l'objectiu de verificar el seu potencial real (5. Barcelona. Una aplicació singular).

Orientador : Profª. Drª. Cristina de Araújo Lima / Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Sérgio Fernando Tavares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Construção Civil. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/04/2016 / Inclui referências : f. 113-125 / Area de concentração : Ambiente Construído / Resumo: A partir do final da década de 1960 a sociedade em seus mais variados segmentos intensificou a discussão acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável, além de incorporar novas temáticas, técnicas e comportamentos mais sustentáveis, primando por uma forma de pensar e agir que proporcione melhor qualidade de vida para as gerações presentes e as futuras. Nesse contexto, a técnica de cobertura verde (CV) é considerada uma forma de atenuar os impactos do ser humano no meio ambiente, contribuindo para amenizar efeitos notadamente negativos, como por exemplo o fenômeno de ilha de calor urbano (ICU). Sendo a alteração de temperatura uma das principais características do fenômeno ICU, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar a possível colaboração da temperatura superficial das CVs na mitigação dos efeitos das ICUs. Para o cumprimento desse objetivo, foram estabelecidas duas principais etapas: na primeira houve a revisão do estado da arte dos temas contemplados na dissertação, abrangendo principalmente artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais e os autores já considerados como referência no tema. Num segundo momento foram utilizados dois métodos de desenvolvimento da pesquisa: um experimento físico constituído de uma CV extensiva e telhados de comparação, formados de telhas cerâmicas vermelhas e telhas de fibrocimento. A outra parte do método foi um exercício de representação gráfica, analisando um recorte urbano em Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil, no qual foram projetados os dados de temperatura superficial obtidos no experimento físico. Para o experimento físico com a CV e os telhados de comparação, os resultados permitiram inferir que quanto mais altas foram as temperaturas superficiais, maiores foram as perdas de calor para o ambiente, sendo que as coberturas cerâmica e de fibrocimento foram as que mais aqueceram durante o dia e as que mais rapidamente resfriaram à noite. A cobertura cerâmica apresentou as maiores temperaturas superficiais, seguidas pela cobertura de fibrocimento e pela CV. Contudo, através de análises estatísticas verificou-se que entre as médias das temperaturas superficiais da cerâmica e do fibrocimento não houve diferenças significativas, contrariamente à CV, que teve a menor variação na temperatura superficial, mantendo mais estáveis essas temperaturas tanto de dia quanto à noite e que, estatisticamente, apresentou diferenças significativas com relação à cerâmica e a fibrocimento. O exercício de representação gráfica dos dados do experimento físico teve como resultado a visualização através de imagens do possível desempenho da temperatura superficial dos três tipos de cobertura no recorte urbano escolhido. Como conclusões, verificou-se que o envelhecimento e a sujidade da telha cerâmica poderiam ser fatores que influenciaram o seu desempenho térmico, sobreaquecendo sua superfície mais do que a superfície do fibrocimento. O experimento físico se mostrou eficiente e recomendável quanto à obtenção de dados para o que foi proposto, ou seja, para obtenção da temperatura superficial, estando os resultados compatíveis com a bibliografia estudada e apontando positivamente para um possível benefício da CV na mitigação dos efeitos das ICUs. O exercício de representação gráfica, por sua vez, permitiu elencar as variáveis que mais poderiam influenciar nos resultados e apresentou algumas características inerentes a esse experimento, como as dificuldades em sistematizar os procedimentos metodológicos e em limitar a área de estudo. Palavras-chave: Ilha de calor urbano. Temperatura superficial. Cobertura verde. Telha cerâmica. Telha de fibrocimento. Curitiba. / Abstract: From the late 1960s the society in its various segments intensified the discussion about sustainable development, as well as incorporating new themes, techniques and more sustainable behavior, striving for a way of thinking and acting to provide better quality of life for generations in the present and in the future. In this context, the green roof (GR) technique is considered a way to mitigate the impacts of man on the environment, contributing to soften markedly negative effects, such as the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Since the change in temperature is one of the main features of the UHI phenomenon, this dissertation aims to investigate the possible collaboration of the surface temperature of GRs in mitigating the effects of UHIs. For achieving this goal, two main stages were established: the first was to review the state of the art of the topics covered in the dissertation, mainly covering national and international scientific articles and authors have considered as a reference in the subject. Secondly it was used two research development methods: a physical experiment made of an extensive GR and comparison of roofs formed of red ceramic tiles and fiber cement tiles. The other part of the method was an exercise of graphical representation in an urban cut in Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil, in which the surface temperature data obtained in physical experiment were designed. For the physical experiment with GR and comparison roofs, the result showed that the higher were the surface temperatures, higher were the heat loss to the environment, and the ceramic and fiber cement roofs were the most heated during the day and the fastest cooled at night. The ceramic cover showed the highest surface temperatures, followed by the fiber cement roof and the GR. However, through statistical analysis it was found that between the mean surface temperatures of the ceramic and fiber cement no significant differences, unlike the GR, which had the lowest variation in surface temperature, maintaining more stable these temperatures both day and night and that, statistically, there was significant differences with respect to the ceramic and fiber cement. The exercise of graphical representation of the physical experiment data resulted throgh images in the display of the possible behavior of the surface temperature of the three types of coverage in urban crop chosen. As conclusions, it was found that aging and dirt from ceramic tile could be factors that influenced its thermal performance, overheating the surface more than the surface of the fiber cement. The physical experiment proved effective and recommended in obtaining data to what was proposed, that is for measuring surface temperature, and the results are consistent with the literature studied and pointing positively to a possible benefit of the GR in mitigating the effects of UHIs. The exercise of graphical representation, on the other hand, allowed to list the variables that most could influence the results and presented some characteristics inherent in this experiment, like the difficulties to systematize the methodological procedures and limiting the study area. Keywords: Urban heat island. Surface temperature. Gren roof. Ceramic tile. Fiber cement tile. Curitiba.

Orientador: Marta Enokibara / Banca: Norma Regina T. Constantino / Banca: Ana Rita Sá Carneiro / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é discorrer sobre a definição e os parâmetros que caracterizam um jardim histórico, realizando um percurso histórico das instituições internacionais e nacionais, averiguando como estas elaboraram suas respectivas cartas patrimoniais e documentos que versam sobre o tema. À luz destas discussões, foi possível compreender a definição fornecida pela Carta de Florença (1981) realizada pelo ICOMOS-IFLA, e destacar os 3 parâmetros - autenticidade, integridades e atributos histórico-cultural, compositivo e botânico - que auxiliam na identificação dos jardins como históricos. Com base nessas análises, adotou-se como estudo de caso os jardins levantados junto à pesquisa do Temático FAPESP subtema 3 "Saberes técnicos e teóricos na configuração e reconfiguração das cidades formadas com a abertura de zonas pioneiras no Oeste do Estado de São Paulo", sobre as cidades formadas com a abertura de zonas pioneiras no oeste do estado de São Paulo, através das linhas ferroviárias - Alta Paulista, Alta Araraquarense, Alta Sorocabana e Noroeste - coordenada pela equipe de professores da Unesp-Bauru. Baseado no conteúdo das pesquisas de Iniciação Científica sobre as praças e jardins do Oeste Paulista, que compreendeu a análise de 64 praças existentes nas 29 cidades, o objetivo específico desta dissertação, foi selecionar 4 exemplares, sendo 1 de cada ramal ferroviário, averiguando se são possuidores dos parâmetros estudados, passíveis assim, de ser indica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Not available / Mestre