This thesis is dedicated to ray tracing based rendering methods, primarily the original ray tracing. Besides introducing a brief historical overview of algorithms from the family, it presents all the essential tools, techniques and physics needed for designing a rendering application in detail. A significant part of the document consists of an implementation of a photorealistic rendering application for interactive graphics 3D virtual scenes. The focus is on rendering without using any additional model information. The thesis includes descriptions and explanations of specific problems and their solutions.

Title: What is the connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological pa- rameters and gaseous pollutants? Author: RNDr. Naděžda Slezáčková Zíková Department: Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Ždímal, Dr. Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fun- damentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Abstract: Five years of atmospheric aerosol (AA) measurements at rural back- ground station Košetice were compared with meteorological records and gaseous pollutants concentrations. The sampling and data analysis of AA data is de- scribed, and the statistical evaluation is done. The variability in the AA con- centrations is significant; the long-term measurements of AA, over the period at least several years, and the differentiation according to the season of the year are thus necessary. The clearly expressed annual cycle of AA concentrations is mainly influenced by two phenomena. From April to September, the total AA concentration cycle is driven mainly by the new particles formation events, from October to March, the concentrations are strongly influenced by particles coming from long-range transport and/or from the regional pollution. The relationship between AA and meteorological parameters, however, is not only season...

Title: Experiments supporting the teaching of thermodynamics at high school level Author: Petr Kácovský Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Drozd, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: This doctoral thesis is aimed at chosen aspects of teaching of thermodynamics on high school. The thesis can be divided into two main parts: The research part deals with investigation of typical students' conceptual difficulties in the field of thermal phenomena and its primary goal is to identify the most distinctive misconceptions of observed population. More than 500 students were questioned using a conceptual test both as pretest and posttest; approximately half of them also participated in the retention test which took part two years after pretest. The results of the conceptual test are connected with data obtained on the basis of the simultaneously conducted research of students' attitudes. The developmental part of the thesis - partly inspired by previous misconception research - deals with arranging, documentation and testing of experiments relevant to teaching of thermodynamics. In total, 46 experiments were arranged, students-tested and published in the electronic Collection of Physics Experiments. These experiments are primarily intended for teachers as inspiration...

This thesis consists of two parts discussing modelling of heterogeneous catalytic reactors. In the first one, an industrial prototype of a fluidized bed reactor serving as a hydrogen generator based on endothermic decomposition of formic acid is studied. After initial determination of the main reactor characteristics a system of nine con- stituents is derived and, consequently, reduced to a three phase flow. The solid and bubble particles immersed in a liquid are modelled by the Basset-Boussinesq- Ossen equation. Furthermore, an averaging technique is used to derive a three phase Euler-Euler model. Finally, numerical computations with a verification towards the measurements and a CFD analysis are proceeded. The second part discusses interfacial transport phenomena between a bulk and catalytic surfaces of a reactor mediated via the boundary conditions. The constitu- tive relations, that by construction comply with the second law of thermodynamics, follow from the specification of suitable thermodynamic potentials together with an identification of the bulk and surface entropy productions. The derived model is suitable for further analysis providing clear guidelines for the incorporation of the Langmuir-type adsorption model as well as other sorption models. Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysis, multi-phase...

Nanoelectronics and spintronics are concerned with writing, transporting, and reading information stored in electronic charge and spin degrees of freedom at the nanoscale. Past few years have shown that two spintronics effects discovered in the 19th century, namely anisotropic magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect, can be used also for sensing antiferromagnetism which opened the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics. The more than a century of controversial studies of these effects have shown their relativistic spin-orbit coupling and spin-polarisation symmetry breaking origin. However, a complete understanding of these effects and a fully predictive theory capable of identifying novel suitable antiferromagnetic materials are still lacking. Here, by extending modern symmetry and topology concepts in condensed matter physics, we have further developed the theory of anisotropic magnetoresistance and spontaneous Hall effect. Our approach is based on magnetic symmetry and topology analysis of antiferromagnetic energy bands, Bloch spectral functions, and Berry curvatures calculated from the state-of-the- art first-principle theory. This guided us to the prediction of two novel, previously unanticipated effects: relativistic metal-insulator transition from antiferromagnetic Dirac fermions, and crystal Hall...

Capillary electrophoresis often uses complexing agents since the interaction between the analyte and the complexing agent can result in achieving or improving the separation. Examples of such methods can be electrokinetic chromatography or affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). ACE is used to determine the complexing parameters. In case of chiral separation, this issue gets complicated, since the parameters of the two analytes (enantiomers) are not completely independent to one another. Therefore, a procedure has been proposed in this thesis, that should always be used to evaluate the complexing parameters of two enantiomers. Statistical evaluation of these parameters was assessed as well. This work also proposes a method that allows to determine the relative migration order of two enantiomers in two different complexing separation systems. The mathematical description of electrophoresis is based on continuity equations, that are inherently nonlinear. However, these equations can be linearized to obtain an approximate analytical solution. There was recently presented a generalized model, that enables inclusion of complete complexing equilibria in the theoretical description of electromigration. Thus, various phenomena, including nonlinear ones, associated with complexation can be predicted. This...

ŠTÝSOVÁ, A. Use of bibliotherapy in the prevention of socially pathological phenomena in adolescents. Thesis. Prague: Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague. Leader: Mgr. Barbara Valešová Malecová, Ph.D., 2021, 108 p. The diploma thesis The use of bibliotherapy in the prevention of socially pathological phenomena in adolescents focuses on the use of bibliotherapy as a therapeutic tool for the prevention of socially pathological phenomena, specifically substance abuse. The target group are adolescent students with some form of social disadvantage. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first part is theoretical and mentions important developmental milestones that may be related to the issue of substance abuse in adolescents. It also defines the basic theoretical basis for the prevention of socially pathological phenomena and their legislative entrenchment. It also summarizes the basic knowledge about bibliotherapy and possible specifics of its use in adolescents. The second part is practical and its aim is to create a proposal for a comprehensive bibliotherapeutic program for the prevention of substance abuse and then to determine its impact on students in action research. Part of the research is also the evaluation of the use...

Diploma thesis Problem of homelessness Supervisor: MUDr. Jiřina Ondrušová Author: Bc. Veronika Konopásková Year of submission: 2013 Annotation The topic of the thesis is the problem of homelessness in contemporary Czech society. Specifically, it focuses on the concept of homelessness, its forms, history and presence in the Czech Republic. Further, I describe the lifestyle of homeless people, their health (physical and mental) and the problem of alcoholism among the homeless. I deal with homeless people as crime offenders and victims as well. Some of the practical problems of living as homeless are mentioned (loss of personal documents, the issue of homeless foreigners or the dependence on social services). The example of the Prague branch of civic organisation Naděje illustrates the range of social services for the homeless. Another part of the thesis is a case study of five homeless people. Further, I focus theoretically on public attitudes towards homelessness, including conducting a search of surveys published on this topic. An important part of the thesis is carrying out a quantitative survey on public attitudes towards homelessness. After describing the objectives, methodology and implementation of the survey, an extensive statistical analysis of data from 595 respondents follows along with...

The thesis discusses the primary prevention of risk behaviour as it is known in the Czech Republic and in Europe. The theoretical part is trying to comprehensively discuss the issue, however, it does not deal with present only it also charts its historical development. Based on the available literature and on personal experience of the author, there is an overall insight into the school primary prevention. At the beginning, the author tries to clarify the differences in terminology in this country and in Europe, as well as to deal with various forms of risky behaviour, which primary prevention focuses. A large section is devoted to teachers dealing with primary prevention and other participants of prevention such as students and their parents. As an integral part the theory also includes a chapter on specific activities, including examples of good practice especially from abroad, which can be used by school prevention methodologist in their work. The practical part of the thesis aims to propose to school prevention methodologists the right method of creating systematic strategy for primary prevention of risk behaviour phenomena in the school environment. The largest part consists of a model strategy for particular High School, from which it is clear how such a strategy should look like. The model...

OF THE THESIS The topic of this thesis is to study the cognitive processes (especially perception, imagination and thinking) of blind pupils through experiments with geometric objects. Tools of the experiment are four tasks (two for one pupil, two for a pair of pupils) that are recorded, transcribed into written protocols and analysed. An overview of the involved cognitive functions or naming of missing cognitive functions has been complied on basis of the specialised literature as a theoretical solution of analysis. Findings of psychology of mathematics didactic were other important theoretical starting points. The ones which are devoted to the tactile perception (of geometrical objects), stages of Piaget operation developments, cognitive mechanisms in mathematics and importance of communication in mathematics or geometry teaching are involved in the theses. Analysis of the experiments involves observations of the tactile perception, imaginations, thinking, cognitive processes, speech and communication, and other occurrences essential for specific tasks.