This paper explores tourism and space-making in modern China through the lens of Sixth Generation Chinese filmmaker Jia Zhangke. His film Shijie (The World) features people whose lives play out in and around a Chinese theme park of the same name. Through its portrayal of theme parks and the social stratum who visit and inhabit them, Shijie depicts both the filmmaker’s opinion of China’s modernization project, as well as his evolving status within the Chinese international/national film system. As China’s interest in its global image is being transformed through its media products, its concept of global and local space is also changing. The Olympic Village created for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics can be seen as an attempt at physically and symbolically engineering China’s new global space. This paper will consider Jia Zhangke, The World, and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as several points along a continuum that leads toward a new envisioning of global space in China. / text

潘銘基. / "2001年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (8 leaves) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 8 yue" / Pan Mingji. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (8 leaves) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 1. --- 賈誼《新書》與先秦兩漢典籍關係考略 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 賈誼生平及其著述 / Chapter 1.2 --- 前人論評賈誼《新書》與周秦兩漢典籍之關係 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 《漢書》 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 《史記》 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- 《前漢紀》 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- 《大戴禮記》 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- 《荀子》、《禮記》、楚簡本〈緇衣〉 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- 《詩》 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- 《左傳》 / Chapter 1.2.8 --- 劉向《新序》、《說苑》、《列女傳》 / Chapter 1.2.9 --- 《鬻子》 / Chapter 1.2.10 --- 《鶡冠子》 / Chapter 1.2.11 --- 《韓非子》 / Chapter 1.2.12 --- 《韓詩外傳》 / Chapter 1.2.13 --- 《國語》 / Chapter 1.2.14 --- 其他 / Chapter 1.3 --- 賈誼《新書》與周秦兩漢典籍之互見關係 / Chapter 1.4 --- 餘論 / Chapter 2. --- 賈誼說《詩》考 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- 西漢初年傳《詩》情況 / Chapter 2.2 --- 賈誼說《詩》與魯說相合例 / Chapter 2.3 --- 賈誼說《詩》與齊說相合例 / Chapter 2.4 --- 賈誼說《詩》與韓說相合例 / Chapter 2.5 --- 賈誼說《詩》與毛說相合例 / Chapter 2.6 --- 賈誼說《詩》與四家《詩》皆不同例 / Chapter 2.7 --- 賈誼用文獻典籍說《詩》例 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- 《孟子》 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- 《左傳》 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- 《晏子春秋》 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- 《禮記》 / Chapter 2.7.5 --- 《國語》 / Chapter 2.8 --- 結語 / Chapter 3. --- 賈誼《新書》與《左傳》之關係´ؤ´ؤ兼論賈誼《新書》 用 《國語》 --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1 --- 前人論評賈誼與《左傳》之關係 / Chapter 3.2 --- 《左傳》、《國語》與賈誼《新書》所記春秋史事比較 / Chapter 3.3 --- 《國語》 / Chapter 3.4 --- 結語 / Chapter 4. --- 賈誼與荀子 --- p.112 / Chapter 4.1 --- 《新書》、《荀子》互見詞語輯證 / Chapter 4.2 --- 前人論評有關荀子與賈誼之關係 / Chapter 4.3 --- 從荀子到賈誼 / Chapter 4.4 --- 賈誼之禮治思想 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 教育思想 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 禮遇大臣 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 階級觀念 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- 民本思想 / Chapter 4.5 --- 結語 / Chapter 5. --- 賈誼《新書》與《漢書》之關係 --- p.152 / Chapter 5.1 --- 賈誼《新書》命名 / Chapter 5.2 --- 賈誼《新書》卷數與篇數問題 / Chapter 5.3 --- 賈誼《新書》與《漢書´Ø賈誼傳》、〈食貨志〉及〈禮樂志〉互見部分舉證 / Chapter 5.4 --- 賈誼《新書》之真僞問題 / Chapter 5.5 --- 結語 / Chapter 6. --- 賈誼《新書》與《鬻子》之關係 --- p.191 / Chapter 6.1 --- 前人論述《鬻子》槪說 / Chapter 6.2 --- 今本《鬻子》與賈誼《新書》之關係 / Chapter 6.3 --- 類書引錄《鬻子》考略 / Chapter 6.4 --- 今本《鬻子》成書年代蠡測 / Chapter 6.5 --- 結語 / Chapter 7. --- 結論 --- p.224 / Chapter 8. --- 附錄 / 附錄一：賈誼《新書》與周秦兩漢典籍對讀資料彙編 / 附錄二 ：《漢書》、《前漢紀》與賈誼《新書》對讀表 / 附錄三：賈誼〈鵩鳥賦〉與《鶡冠子´Ø世兵》對讀表 / 附錄四：《史記´Ø屈原賈生列傳》（節錄）與《漢書´Ø賈誼傳》對讀表 / 附錄五：唐宋類書引錄賈誼《新書》資料彙輯 / 附錄六：賈誼《新書》與《荀子》所用詞藻相合舉隅 / 附錄七：賈誼引《詩》說《詩》資料彙編 / 附錄八：唐宋類書引錄《鬻子》彙輯 / 附錄九：今本《鬻子》與唐宋類書、典籍所輯《鬻子》對照表 / 附錄十：諸家所輯今本《鬻子》佚文彙編 / 附錄十一：賈誼《新書》所載春秋史事見於《左傳》、《國語》例證輯錄 / Chapter 9. --- 參考書目及論文

No description available.

La présente thèse propose d’analyser l’approche de l’espace dans le cinéma de Jia Zhangke, le réalisateur le plus représentatif, avec Wang Bing, de la génération indépendante (ou sixième génération) du cinéma chinois, comme une appréhension dialectique, consciente des discours qu’engendrent la représentation du réel. La construction de l’espace dans ses films est ainsi une forme d’engager, par le jugement esthétique, une conscience politique du spectateur à l’appréhension du monde. Jia ainsi fait du registre cinématographique à la fois le témoin privilégié du processus de changements de la Chine actuelle et un espace reconstruit subjectivement au moyen de l’imagination et de la mémoire. Son cinéma formule ainsi une critique subtile de la modernisation rapide et violente en cours, qui engendre la destruction de son paysage historique, la perte des repères culturels de son peuple et le désarroi des gens laissés pour compte. En actualisant des références à la peinture traditionnelle de paysage en Chine, Jia Zhangke tisse l’expression du monde dans son cinéma en tant qu’espace historique, puis espace dialectique et finalement espace immatériel pour observer son historicité, problématiser son présent et finalement proposer au spectateur, à partir de l’expérience esthétique, la conscience de son existence médiale porteuse de puissance d’action. / 5ABSTRACT :This dissertation proposes an analysis of the approach to space in the cinema of Jia Zhangke— a filmmaker, who with Wang Bing, is most representative of the independent generation, or sixth generation, of Chinese cinema— as a form permitting an engagement of political consciousness through the comprehension of space. Through his aesthetics, Jia creates a cinematographic register that is both privileged witness of the processes of change in present-day China and a space subjectively reconstructed through the means of imagination and memory. This dissertation considers how his cinema expresses a subtle critique of the rapid and violent modernisation currently occurring in China, which engenders the destruction of its historical landscape, the loss of local cultural bearings, and the helplessness of those left abandoned. Through making references to traditional Chinese landscape painting, this work explores how Jia constructs the expression of this world in his cinema: as historical space, then as dialectical space, and finally as immaterial space in order to observe its historicity, to problematize its present, and finally to propose to the spectator, departing from aesthetic experience, an awareness of its medial existence carrying a force for action.

黃孕祺. / 稿本(電腦打印本) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學藝術學部. / Gao ben (dian nao da yin ben) / Includes bibliographical references. / Huang Yunqi. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yi shu xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一 --- 甲骨學九十年 / Chapter 二 --- 回顧甲骨文書法研究 / Chapter 三 --- 本文旨要 / Chapter 第二章 --- 商殷文字 --- p.22 / Chapter 一 --- 漢字起源的臆說 / Chapter 二 --- 甲骨文與陶符 / Chapter 三 --- 甲骨文與玉文、金文 / Chapter 第三章 --- 占卜文化 --- p.48 / Chapter 一 --- 用龜、骨卜、龜卜與甲骨文字 / Chapter 二 --- 殷卜程序與甲骨文字 / Chapter 三 --- 甲骨書契的本質 / Chapter 第四章 --- 殷禮格局 --- p.78 / Chapter 一 --- 宗教的政治化 / Chapter 二 --- 宗教的道德化 / Chapter 三 --- 殷禮的「兩重」 / Chapter 第五章 --- 因形見意 --- p.113 / Chapter 一 --- 書寫構形的表意 / Chapter 二 --- 字體構造的表意 / Chapter 三 --- 視覺元素的表意 / Chapter 第六章 --- 書契筆法 --- p.146 / Chapter 一 --- 毛筆與刀筆 / Chapter 二 --- 執筆與用筆 / Chapter 三 --- 書寫與契刻 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結體章法 --- p.178 / Chapter 一 --- 字形異寫多體 / Chapter 二 --- 結體守常知變 / Chapter 三 --- 章法放中有矩 / Chapter 第八章 --- 書體研究 --- p.213 / Chapter 一 --- 甲骨斷代研究的「書體」 / Chapter 二 --- 「書體」的斷代功能 / Chapter 三 --- 甲骨學「書體J與藝術風格 / Chapter 第九章 --- 筆意風神 --- p.246 / Chapter 一 --- 一代書體 / Chapter 二 --- 書風範式 / Chapter 三 --- 地域風格 / Chapter 第十章 --- 結語 --- p.282 / Chapter 一 --- 從殷墟到周原 / Chapter 二 --- 從殷禮到儒、道 / Chapter 三 --- 從甲骨文字到書法藝術 / 徵引著錄簡稱表 --- p.309 / 主要參考書目 --- p.311 / 附圖 --- p.315 / 【圖二 . 1】新石器時代至商代陶符概覽 --- p.315 / 【圖二 . 2】商代玉文 --- p.316 / Chapter A --- 契刻玉文 / Chapter B --- 朱書玉文 / 【圖二 . 3】商代金文 --- p.317 / 【圖三.1】賈湖遣址之刻符龜甲 --- p.318 / 【圖四.1】鑽灼現兆記數刻辭的對稱關連 --- p.319 / 【圖五.1】小屯丙組基址全貌 --- p.320 / 【圖五.2】潤澤光亮的龜版 --- p.321 / 【圖五.3】龜腹甲部位、齒縫、盾紋圔 ´ؤ´ؤ --- p.322 / 【圖五.4】塗朱（《海》八） --- p.323 / 【圖五.5】塗黃（《海》二六） --- p.324 / 【圖五.6】「圖畫文字」 1、2 --- p.325 / 【圖五.7】「圖畫文字」3、4、5 --- p.326 / 【圖五.8】「圖畫文字」6、7 --- p.327 / 【圖六.1】「祀」字之陶片墨書與骨販刻字 --- p.328 / 【圖六.2】殷代刻刀 --- p.329 / 【圖六.3】殷代刻刀鋒刃的推測 --- p.330 / 【圖六.4】執刀法 --- p.331 / Chapter A --- 斜執法 / Chapter B --- 直執法 / 【圖六.5】甲骨文毛筆筆法 --- p.332 / Chapter A --- 筆順次第 / Chapter B --- 硃書 / Chapter C --- 墨書 / 【圖六.6】甲骨文契刀刀法 --- p.333 / Chapter A --- 雙刀施刻次第 / Chapter B --- 雙刀字溝 / Chapter C --- 圓底、平底字溝 / Chapter D --- 單刀字溝 / 【圖六.7】甲骨文契刻筆法示例 --- p.334 / Chapter A --- 「牢」 / Chapter B --- 「午」 / Chapter C --- 「七一六七六六貞吉」 / Chapter D --- 「亦」 / 【圖六.8】缺刻橫劃與先書後契例 --- p.335 / Chapter A --- 《粹》一一四 / Chapter B --- 《乙》六六六七 / 【圖六.9】甲骨文筆劃粗肥圓潤例 --- p.336 / 【圖七.1】結體蹙展變化例 --- p.337 / 【圖七.2】字筆M蹙展變化例 --- p.338 / 【圖七.3】字縱向蹙展變化例 --- p.339 / 【圖七.4】字橫向蹙展變化例 --- p.340 / 【圖七.5】字斜向蹙展變化例 --- p.341 / 【圖七.6】結體疏密變化例 --- p.342 / 【圖七.7】單體、兩部結構敧倒變化例 --- p.343 / 【圖七´Ø8】三部、包裹結構敧側變化例 --- p.344 / 【圖七.9】軸對稱、部份對稱敧側變化例 --- p.345 / 【圖七.10】重文結構敧側變化例 --- p.346 / 【圖七.11】開篇管領例 --- p.347 / 【圖七.12】行氣例 --- p.348 / 【圖七.13】行氣與物料關傺例 --- p.349 / 【圖七.14】鑽鑿、兆紋方向示意圖 --- p.350 / 【圖七.15】甲骨對稱卜用圖 --- p.351 / 【圖七.16】牛胛骨行文款式 --- p.352 / 【圖七.17】牛胛骨反面之整治與鑽鑿 --- p.353 / 【圖七.18】腹甲刻辭之先後關係 --- p.354 / 【圖七.19】腹甲同一事刻辭之相對關係 --- p.355 / 【圖七.20】腹甲刻辭行文方向 --- p.356 / 【圖八.1】董作賓「五期書體」舉例 --- p.357 / 【圖九.1】書風範式：宏放文雅 --- p.358 / 【圖九.2】書風範式：宏放野逸 --- p.359 / 【圖九.3】書風範式：謹嚴輕細 --- p.360 / 【圖九.4】書風範式：謹嚴重厚 --- p.361 / 【圖九.5】書風範式 --- p.362 / 【圖九.6】之書風類型 --- p.363 / 【圖九.7】之書風類型 --- p.364 / 【圖九.8】一版三種書風之例 --- p.365 / 【圖十.1】周原龜腹甲 --- p.366 / 【圖十.2】周原牛胛骨 --- p.367 / 【圖十.3】周原甲骨微刻及橫刻例 --- p.368 / Chapter A --- 放大約17倍甲片 / Chapter B --- 橫向縱行刻辭 / 【圖十.4】周原甲骨書風例 --- p.369 / 附表 --- p.370 / 【表一】殷代先公先王世条表 --- p.370 / 【表二】商周八卦符號登記表 --- p.371 / 【表三】甲骨文對稱字例 --- p.372 / 【表四】干支字早晚變化略表 --- p.377

Die juvenilen rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind häufiger, als von Laien angenommen wird. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Patienten der Kinderklinik und Polyklinik der Universität Würzburg genauer betrachtet um mögliche Verlaufsparameter retrospektiv auswerten zu können. Es zeigt sich, dass weibliche Patienten als häufiger von JIA-Erkrankungen betroffene länger therapiert wurden als die männlichen Patienten. Dabei erhielten sie länger NSAR und Steroide sowie häufiger MTX. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Remission zu erreichen war im untersuchten Kollektiv nicht per se vom Geschlecht abhängig, jedoch geschätzt nach Kaplan und Meier zu Ungunsten der Mädchen, wie laut Literatur zu erwarten. Nicht bestätigen ließ sich ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen erhöhten Entzündungswerten zu Beginn der Erkrankung und einer Remission im Verlauf. Weiterhin nicht bestätigen ließ sich eine generell geringere Remissionswahrscheinlichkeit bei Polyarthritis. Als prädiktive Marker für eine häufigere Remission können nach unseren Ergebnissen nun theoretisch das männliche Geschlecht (nach Kaplan und Meier) sowie erhöhte Entzündungswerte zu Beginn der Erkrankung angenommen werden. Wobei eine Remission häufiger auftrat, je schneller nach Krankheitsbeginn der Patient „an der richtigen Adresse“ vorgestellt wurde. / The frequency of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is bigger than most non-professional may expect. This trial analyzes retrospective e.g. the outcome of patients from the children's hospital of the University of Wuerzburg. In our cohort it is seen, that female patients are more often affected with rheumatism and need longer medication with NSAR and steroids, also they need more often MTX. The likelihood to reach remission did not differ between boys and girls at first sight, but rated by Kaplan and Meier the girls come out badly - like other references say, too. In our cohort there was no correlation between high inflammation values at the beginning of the disease and remission at a later time. Also it could not be seen, that children with Polyarthritis reached less often remission in general. Only regarding our data one could use male gender and higher inflammation values at the beginning of the disease as a predictive marker for a more frequent remission at a later time. Whereas the remission appeared more often in children who were presented to the "Specialist" early after the beginning of the disease.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Habitual physical activity and fitness are well-established as independent predictors of health in both children and adults. Chronic inflammatory conditions in children have been shown to negatively impact participation and maintenance of physical activity in childhood which can lead to a reduction in fitness. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two of the most common childhood chronic conditions, both of which are characterized by inflammation. Alarmingly, even during remission, physical activity and fitness levels are reduced and sickness behaviours persist in these children. As such, it is thought that psychosocial measures, such as self-perceived health and well-being, may have a stronger association with decreased physical activity and fitness levels in this population as compared to healthy controls. The purpose of this project was to examine the relationship between self-perceived health and well-being and physical activity and fitness in children with JIA or IBD. In total, 58 children (32 girls, 26 boys) between the ages of 7 and 17 years with a single diagnosis of either JIA or IBD, and healthy controls were recruited. They completed measures of anthropometry, body composition, physical activity, as well as fitness (aerobic and muscle strength). Questionnaires regarding perceived health and well-being were also completed, and blood samples were obtained to measure specific markers of inflammation. Children with JIA or IBD were found to engage in significantly less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relative to healthy controls (t = -1.977, p = 0.040). A linear regression established that MVPA, when expressed as an average of minutes per day, could statistically significantly predict self-perceived health, F(1,50) = 6.516, p = 0.014, where MVPA accounted for 11.5% of the explained variability in self-perceived health. This was no longer significant with the controls age, sex, and body fat percentage added into the model. Linear regression models showed that fitness was more predictive of self-perceived well-being, as seen with relative VO2 peak, F(1,38) = 6.683, p = 0.014, where relative VO2 peak accounted for 15% of the variability with self-perceived well-being. Furthermore, composite isometric strength expressed relative to body mass was able to significantly predict a composite blood inflammatory marker score, F(1,49) = 4.447, p = 0.040, where a relative composite isometric strength score accounted for 8.3% of the variability in a composite inflammatory blood marker score. Our findings indicate weak but significant predictive power for physical activity and fitness variables with regards to self-perceived health and well-being. Therefore, it may be important to explore ways to increase self-perceived health and well-being in children with JIA or IBD in order to improve physical activity participation and fitness. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

Sustainable agriculture in China is highly threatened by rapid urbanization, land degradation and high population pressure. Yunnan Province, south-west China, is 94% mountainous and lacks flat land. Food shortages and inappropriate cultivation have led to intensive cultivation of steep, marginal and fragile land and have increased soil erosion. To curb this situation and assist with poverty alleviation, it is crucial to develop more productive and sustainable cropping systems. An experiment was conducted on sloping areas from 1999 to 2001 in Wang Jia Catchment, Yunnan Province. The project aim was to evaluate the effects of five selected cultivation practices on maize productivity and soil properties. The treatments were: (1) downslope cultivation without mulch, (2) contour cultivation without mulch, (3) contour cultivation with polythene mulch, (4) contour cultivation with polythene and wheat straw mulch (Integrated Contour with Plastic and Straw Mulch Treatment, INCOPLAST) and (5) contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping, wide and narrow row spacing, with soybean in wide row spacing. Crop growth parameters and soil physical properties were measured throughout the cropping seasons. Considering three years data, contour cultivation with polythene mulch generally increased soil temperature by a mean of 1-2°C. The polythene retained considerably more soil moisture during dry weather. However, during wet weather, polythene prevented rainfall directly falling on the soil, which led to less soil moisture content. The soil temperature and moisture regimes under polythene mulch made plants grow faster and canopies develop well, leading to higher final yields. The benefit of polythene was 33-54% more yield than downslope cultivation without mulch treatment, over three seasons. Contour cultivation plus polythene and straw mulch retained significantly higher soil moisture levels. The yield of this treatment in 1999 was ranked second, but in 2000 it had the highest yield and in 2001 it was also more effective than contour cultivation with polythene mulch treatment. Contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping improved maize yield. The soybean harvest also contributed to net income, the crop had a similar function to straw mulch and increased N availability. Contour cultivation increased yields over the range 7.2-11.2% over three seasons compared with downslope cultivation, equivalent to ~500-1000 kg per hectare more grain produced. There were few clear trends in soil properties over the 1999-2001 period. However, N concentrations increased in the contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping treatment. Both contour cultivation with polythene and straw mulch and contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping gave apparent increases in total K, probably resulting from both decayed straw and decomposed soybean leaves. In terms of simple cost-benefit evaluation, downslope cultivation had the lowest input and output, while contour cultivation had a similar input, but a higher output. Contour cultivation with polythene had the highest net return. Contour cultivation with polythene and straw had a high output but did not give a higher net return than contour cultivation with polythene. Contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping generally had the highest input and output and could give a higher net return than contour cultivation with polythene when the soybean harvest was successful, but over three years this treatment had the greatest risk from crop failure. It is recommended that replacing downslope cultivation with contour cultivation can increase crop yields and this simple action could contribute to the development of more sustainable cropping systems in Yunnan. Polythene mulch achieved higher maize yields but its environmental impact requires further study. It is considered that contour cultivation with polythene and straw mulch or soybean intercropping could contribute towards more productive and sustainable cropping systems where soil conservation is high priority. The technique could assist with long-term soil, water and nutrient conservation and improved crop productivity.