This study examines ways in which supporters of William III and his opponents used literature to buttress their respective views of government in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. Understanding the polemical character of this art provides more insight both into the literature of the 1690s and into the modes of political debate in the period. As the English people moved from a primarily hereditary view of monarchy at the beginning of the seventeenth century to a more elective view of government in the eighteenth century, the Glorious Revolution proved to be a watershed event. Those favoring James II relied on patriarchal ideas to characterize the new regime as illegitimate, and supporters of the coregent asserted the priority of English and Biblical law to assert that the former king forfeited his right to rule. Chapter one examines three thinkers – Robert Filmer, John Milton, and John Locke – whose thought provides a context for opinions expressed in the years surrounding William of Orange’s ascension to the English throne. In chapter two, John Dryden’s response to James II’s abdication is explored. As the deposed Poet Laureate and a prominent voice supporting of the Stuart line, Dryden sheds light on ways in which Jacobites resisted the authority of the new regime through his response to the Glorious Revolution. Chapter three addresses the work of Thomas Shadwell, who succeeded Dryden as Laureate, and Matthew Prior, whose poetry Frances Mayhew Rippy characterizes as “unofficial laureate verse.” These poets rely on ideas similar to those expressed by Milton and Locke as they seek to validate the events of 1688-1689. The final chapter explores the appropriation of varied conceptions of government in pamphlets and manuscripts written in favor of James II and William III. Focusing on the polemical character of these works from the late 1680s and the 1690s enhances our understanding of the period’s literature and the prominent interaction of politics and writing.

Prises à la lettre et strictement appliquées par les intégristes musulmans, certaines dispositions du Coran vont à l'encontre de l'égalité entre hommes et femmes. Pour sa part, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha s'est plutôt attaché à promouvoir cette égalité non pas malgré le Coran mais en raison même d'une compréhension renouvelée du Coran. Après avoir esquissé le contexte global des relations entre islam, modernité, et droits de la personne, ce mémoire évoque les grandes lignes du modernisme musulman dans le secteur du droit pour faire ressortir le caractère original et audacieux de l'approche réformiste proposée par Taha. Cette approche sera d'abord étudiée de façon globale dans ses principes de base et ensuite dans son application au cas spécifique de l'égalité entre hommes et femmes. Puis, un parallèle entre la pensée de John Locke et celle de Taha soulignera leur enracinement commun dans le jus naturale et servira de fil conducteur pour dégager, en conclusion, la portée actuelle de l'oeuvre de Taha. / When taken literally and strictly applied by Muslim fundamentalists, sorne Koranic provisions go against gender equality. As for him, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha has endeavoured to promote that equality not in spite of the Koran but rather precisely because of a renewed understanding of it. After outlining the global context of the relations between Islam, modemity, and human rights, this dissertation evokes the main features of Islamic modemism in the field of law in order to bring out the original and bold nature of Taha's reformist approach. This approach is first studied globally in its basic principles and then in its application to the case of gender equality. After that, a parallel between John Locke's and Taha's thought shall underline their common roots withinjus naturale and lead to a conclusion assessing the actual impact of Taha's work. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M)"

This thesis explores the disciplinary relationship between natural philosophy (the study of nature or body) and theology (the study of the divine) in seventeenth-century England. Early modern disciplines had two essential functions. First, they set the rules and boundaries of argument – knowledge was therefore legitimised and made intelligible within disciplinary contexts. And second, disciplines structured pedagogy, parcelling knowledge so it could be studied and taught. This dual role meant disciplines were epistemic and social structures. They were composed of various elements, and consequently, they related to one another in a variety of complex ways. As such, the contestability of early modern knowledge was reflected in contestability of disciplines – their content and boundaries. Francis Bacon, Thomas White, Henry More and John Locke are the focus of the four chapters respectively, with Joseph Glanvill, Thomas Hobbes, other Cambridge divines, and a variety of medieval scholastic authors providing context, comparison and reinforcement. These case studies offer a cross-section of seventeenth-century thought and belief; they embody different professional and institutional interests, and represent an array of philosophical, theological and religious positions. Nevertheless, each of them, in different ways, and to different effect, put the relationship between natural philosophy and theology at the heart of their intellectual endeavours. Together, they demonstrate that, in seventeenth-century England, natural philosophy and theology were in flux, and that their disciplinary relationship was complex, entailing degrees of overlap and alienation. Primarily, natural philosophy and theology investigated the nature and constitution of the world, and, together, determined the relationship between its constituent parts – natural and divine. However, they also reflected the scope of man’s cognitive faculties, establishing which bits of the world were knowable, and outlining the grounds for, and appropriate degrees of, certainty and belief. Thus, both disciplines, and their relationship with one another, contributed to broad discussions about, truth, certainty and opinion. This, in turn, established normative guidelines. To some extent, the rightness or wrongness of belief and behaviour was determined by particular definitions of, and relationship between, natural philosophy and theology. Consequently, man’s place in the world – his relationship with nature, God and his fellow man – was triangulated through these disciplines.

This dissertation examines the philosophical and spiritual beliefs that underpin William Blake’s account of the imagination, his objections to empiricism and his understanding of poetic language. It begins by considering these beliefs in relation to the idealist principles of George Berkeley as a means of illustrating Blake’s own objections to the empiricism of John Locke. The philosophies of Locke and Berkeley were popular in Blake’s society and their philosophical positions were well known to him. Blake and Berkeley are aligned against Locke’s belief in an objective world composed of matter, and his theory of abstract ideas. Both reject Locke’s principles by affirming the primacy of the perceiving subject. However, Blake disagrees with Berkeley’s theologically traditional understanding of God. He views perception as an act of artistic creation and believes that spiritual divinity is contained within and is intrinsic to man’s human form. This account of human perception as the creative act of an immanent divinity is further elucidated through a comparison with the twentieth-century existential phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. In the Phenomenology of Perception (1945), Merleau-Ponty examines human experience as the functioning of an embodied consciousness in a shared life-world. While Merleau-Ponty does not make any reference to a spiritual deity, his understanding of experience offers a link between Berkeley’s criticisms of Locke and Blake’s own objections to empiricism. Through a comparative examination of Blake and Merleau-Ponty, the imagination is revealed to be the creative or formative consciousness that proceeds from the integrated mind-body complex of the “Divine Body” or “human form divine”. This embodied existence locates the perceiving self in a dynamic physical landscape that is shared with other embodied consciousnesses. It is this communal or intersubjective interaction between self and other that constitutes the experienced world. Merleau-Ponty’s account of the chiasm and his notion of flesh, discussed in The Visible and the Invisible, are applied to Blake in order to elucidate his belief in poetic vision and the constitutive power of language. The form and function of language are compared with that of the body, because both bring the individual experience of a perceiving subject into being in the world and facilitate the reciprocal exchange between the self and other. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that Blake characterises the body and language as the living media of the imagination, which facilitate a creative exchange between a perceiving self and a shared life-world.

No description available.

Precis The Thesis comprehensively describes and explains basic concepts of Steiner-Vallentyne Left-Libertarianism. The introductory part compares this school of Left-Libertarianism with other approaches and advocates the method of critical theory of society being used, which was formulated by Marek Hrubec, successing classical authors of critical theory. This method divides the analyzed phenomena into three phases - critique, explanation and normativity. The critical phase describes relation between the analyzed and reality, while defining the analyzed against it. Explanation clarifies positive elements, which are consequent from the critique of reality and ultimately, the normative phase formulates a specific conception of the elements' realization. In this Diploma Thesis the critical phase is represented by defition of Left-Libertarianism against dominant streams in contemporary political philosophy, with the accent on its differentiation from related approaches, constituting their conception on one's freedom - especially rawlsian liberalism and classical libertarianism. Explanatory phase is dedicated to basic concepts of Left-Libertarianism, their historical roots and theoretical principles on which they are constituted. Finally, the normative phase presents the concept of universal basic income, which...

<p>Genom att analysera domstolsmaterialet från rättegången mot fildelningssiten The Pirat Bay, i relation till en idéhistorisk diskussion om äganderätt, har uppsatsen funnit att den liberala tanketraditionen och dess juridiska institutioner står inför en betydelseglidning vad gället begreppsparet ”Egendom” och ”Stöld”. Det har visat sig att Lockes naturtillstånd, varseblivningen av ”det oändliga” på jorden, har skiftat plats; från ”naturen” ut till ”cyberspace”, vilket har resulterat i att fildelningstekniken skapat en ny matematik som omöjliggör tidigare egendomsdefinition.</p>

Genom att analysera domstolsmaterialet från rättegången mot fildelningssiten The Pirat Bay, i relation till en idéhistorisk diskussion om äganderätt, har uppsatsen funnit att den liberala tanketraditionen och dess juridiska institutioner står inför en betydelseglidning vad gället begreppsparet ”Egendom” och ”Stöld”. Det har visat sig att Lockes naturtillstånd, varseblivningen av ”det oändliga” på jorden, har skiftat plats; från ”naturen” ut till ”cyberspace”, vilket har resulterat i att fildelningstekniken skapat en ny matematik som omöjliggör tidigare egendomsdefinition.

This thesis has two central goals. The first is to theorize the confrontation of Indigenous societies and European settler society as, among other things, a conflict between two opposing conceptions of the human relationship with nature — human ecology. The Western/settler view is that nature is external to humans and instrumental to their development. John Locke’s philosophy provides an excellent example of this type of thinking. In contrast, the world-view of many Indigenous societies is characterized by a sense of ontological continuity between humans and the ecology. The second aim of this thesis is to contribute to ecological political theory by exploring the contrast between these two divergent views of human ecology. It is suggested that this contrast provides a theoretically fertile site for an ecological politics suitable for a post-modern, post-capitalist future. These theoretical observations are grounded in a concrete case study: the Delgamuukw legal episode. / Graduate

Au XVIIe siècle, commerce et guerre étant étroitement liés (Pocock), les auteurs de cette époque accordent une grande importance aux liens entre conflits et monnaie. Cette thèse met en évidence comment la conception de la monnaie, sous forme de métaux précieux, influence la manière d’envisager la question de l’enrichissement chez Colbert, Vauban et Locke. Elle montre également quelles sont les implications en matière de politiques économiques et de relations sociales. Ces auteurs développent ainsi une pensée pouvant être qualifiée«d’hétérodoxe», en opposition à l’orthodoxie d’Adam Smith qui critique vivement leur question d’une quantité de monnaie nécessaire au fonctionnement du système économique. Dans ce cadre, quatre questions sont traitées. La première consiste à mettre à jour les effets sociaux d’une économie monétaire : l’apparition d’un conflit entre propriétaires terriens et détenteurs de monnaie et la création du gouvernement civil. La seconde permet de souligner le lien entre les relations sociales et les politiques monétaires à mener – à savoir favoriser l’intérêt des marchands ou maintenir une stabilité sociale? La troisième question aborde alors le rôle du gouvernement et des leviers dont il dispose. Le gouvernement doit garantir une quantité de monnaie appropriée, maintenir une balance commerciale excédentaire et faire circuler la monnaie, via une stabilité monétaire ou encore une réforme fiscale. Enfin la dernière question permet d’appréhender le rôle du commerce international. Celui-ci, n’est qu’un moyen de faire circuler la richesse créée au niveau national, selon ces auteurs. Par ailleurs, seul le commerce international permet l’entrée de monnaie sous la forme de métaux précieux. / In the 17th century, trade and war are deeply related (Pocock). Thus, authors from thatperiod gave a great importance to the links between conflicts and money. This PhD aims at understanding how the idea of money, as a precious metal, influences Colbert’s, Vauban’s and Locke’s thinking about the question of the enrichment. It further studies the implications of this approach for economic policy and social relations. These authors can be considered as« heterodox » in opposition to the orthodoxy of Adam Smith who sharply criticized their investigation of an appropriate quantity of money needed to ensure the good functioning of an economic system. In this framework, four questions are analysed. The first one discusses the social effects of a monetary economy in the form of the appearance of a conflict between the landed men and the moneyed men, that ultimately leads to the establishment of a civil government. The second one underlines the link between social relations and the required monetary policies: shall measures favour merchants’ interest or shall they maintain social stability? This brings the reader to the third question, which is to define the role of the government and its means of action. The government must ensure that an appropriate quantity of money, maintain a trade surplus and make money circulate. This can be achieved through a monetary stability or by implementing fiscal reform. Finally, the last question revolves around the role of international trade. According to these authors, it is mainly a mean allowing wealth which is created inside the country, to circulate. Besides, international trade is the only way to have inflows of precious metal, thus increasing the quantity of money in the country.