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This dissertation studies the four major works of Jose Donoso which belong to what could be termed his "Chilean cycle" of novels. This cycle comprises Coronacion, Este domingo, El lugar sin l(')imites, and El obsceno pajaro de la noche. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of the point of view of the narrator. The research is based on semiotic theories of language, particularly those of Boris Uspensky, and includes much of the contemporary French theories of semiotic criticism. The dissertation attempts to construct a format for the study of the point of view of the narrator, basing itself on, but not restricting itself to, the theories of Uspensky. In every respect the dissertation endeavors to restrict its approach to an entirely intrinsic method, based on the idea that the novel exists apart from the man whose name appears on the cover. For the purpose of this study, the novel has been examined on four partially theoretical levels: the spatio-temporal, the phraseological, the psychological and the ideological. This method presupposes an additional distinction between what could be termed the "surface level," that which is immediately and physically observable, and the "deep structure," comprising the ideological level or "world view" basic to each novel. It could be stated that we find the "point of view" of the narrator in the surface structure of the first three levels and the "perspective" or world view in the "deep structure." The first chapter discusses in detail the history of the study of point of view in the novel as a genre, the various theories, including those of Uspensky, and sets forth the methods and procedures used. Each of the following chapters is dedicated to an individual novel, each novel being studied on all four of the levels mentioned. While the works of Donoso have often been studied with respect to their dedication of the deterioration of a particular society, this dissertation deals more specifically with following the process of destruction of the narrator himself. This process can be observed by means of a detailed examination of the structure and function of the point of view in each separate novel. The various stages of development can be observed clearly begining with Coronacion and culminating in El obsceno pajaro de la noche. In Coronacion and Este domingo we can observe the deterioration of the point of view of the narrator. In the former novel, the deterioration of the point of view is linked with the conflict between past and present; in the latter novel we see this dichotomy expanded to include two basic narrators. In El lugar sin límites there is a schism within the personality, and therefore the point of view, of the main character. The El obsceno pajaro de la noche we are confronted with an "open" novel in which the reader must participate. Here we see the complete destruction of the point of view of the narrator and, in effect, the destruction of the narrator himself. It is this process of destruction that this dissertation describes and studies.

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This thesis is centred on the work of Portuguese writer José Régio (1901-1969). He was a teacher-writer and, arguably, the most philosophical of Portuguese school novel authors. In his novel ‘A Drop of Blood’ (1945), Régio shows interest in the formation of the artist as the special object of education – the ‘marked man’ –, whose sensitivity distances him irremediably from the crowd. He adopted the radical individualism of Nietzsche not in order to be ‘for’ or ‘against’ this or that schooling model but to exemplify the perpetual clash, inherent in mankind, between the individual and the group, the artist and the non-artistic person, the young and the adult, the son and the father and the self and the world.

Esta investigación tiene el propósito de comprobar mediante el concepto de la alegoría si la novela La soledad era esto del autor Juan José Millás posee otro nivel interpretativo, el del tiempo histórico-político de España en la década de los ochenta. El motivo del análisis es hallar otra posible interpretación de la novela, es decir, exhibir un sentido del texto distinto al sentido aparente. El análisis lo llevamos a cabo por medio de la hermenéutica con apoyo de un marco teórico sobre la alegoría anteriormente establecido. Consideramos los siguientes elementos: la política, la protagonista, la acción y la imagen. La tesina concluye que cada uno de los componentes tiene fuertes rasgos alegóricos y que todos, por separado y en conjunto, reflejan la época a la que nos referimos. Por lo tanto la proposición queda afirmada y la conclusión de esta investigación es que la novela tiene una dimensión alegórica.

Esta dissertação investiga tendências pronominais encontradas na obra O Tronco do Ipê (1871), de José de Alencar, situando o romance no contexto literário em que se insere o autor o Romantismo. Também utilizamos o romance Sonhos dOuro (1872) em situações em que foram necessários contrapontos. O primeiro elemento pronominal analisado foi a frequência e a deriva gramatical da construção a gente, típica da variedade americana da língua portuguesa e etapa final do processo da gramaticalização, que a tornou equivalente a nós. Quanto ao a gente, nossa finalidade foi averiguar em que medida esse recurso da língua coloquial foi incorporado pelo ilustre prosador brasileiro. O segundo elemento analisado foi a colocação pronominal, largamente mencionada tanto por críticos contemporâneos ao autor cearense quanto por aqueles estudiosos do legado alencariano e romântico para a expressão linguística na literatura. Para a colocação pronominal, levantamos dados diversos que possam confirmar ou questionar os estudos já existentes. Por fim, estudamos ainda o significado do aparecimento/ausência do pronome reto como acusativo ou como acusativo-sujeito na língua literária de Alencar. Esta pesquisa pretende ser uma contribuição a um capítulo da história do português escrito no Brasil / This dissertation investigates pronominal trends found in the novel O Tronco do Ipê (1871), by José de Alencar, situating it in the literary context in which the author was The Romanticism. It has also been used the novel Sonhos dOuro (1872) (to counterpoint in specific situations). The first pronominal element analysis was the frequency and grammatical construction from a gente, the typical American variety of Portuguese and final step of the process of grammaticalization, which became equivalent to nós. Our purpose was to examine to what extent this feature of colloquial language was incorporated by the renowned Brazilian prosaist. The second element analyzed was pronoun placement, widely mentioned not only by contemporary critics, but also by studious of the Alencarian and romantic legacy of this linguistic expression in literature. For pronoun placement, we have raised several data that can confirm or question the existing studies. Finally, we have studied the significance of the appearance/absence of the pronoun as accusative or as accusative-subject in Alencars literary language. This research is a contribution to a chapter in the history of written Portuguese in Brazil