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The thesis analyses the interaction between various interests in Swedish society when the existing apprenticeship system for the journalism profession was to be replaced by a formal journalism education programme. The press organisations had a difficult time agreeing on a programme, and the issue was discussed for over 50 years. The profession was seen as a talent, an aptitude that some people had, and there was opposition to formal education. The first part analyses discussions about journalism education in a post-war context, both in Sweden and internationally. Part two considers extensive investigatory processes in Sweden, in which the structure of journalism programmes was arrived at through negotiations. The third part studies the development of and discussions about the newly founded national journalism schools. The thesis demonstrates that journalism education was often presented as a solution to other perceived problems than the press needing more professionally trained labour. Journalism education was proposed as a solution to problems associated with commercialisation, sensational journalism, politicised journalism and war propaganda. The question of influencing the shaping of opinion both in Sweden and internationally was linked to journalism education to the extent that education was seen as a method of affecting the way the "free" press worked. For the same reason, the education of journalists was sometimes considered dangerous, that journalism students were streamlined in a separate education programme based on homogeneous values, which could be a threat to the freedom of expression.Using Bourdieu, the difficult relationship between the journalistic field and the academic field on education is interpreted as a struggle between two forms of capital over which kind of knowledge is to be valued. On a higher level, the struggle between academe and the press was formulated as a battle of symbolic royalty over what values were to be regarded as true in public discourse. / Avhandlingen analyserar spelet mellan olika intressen i det svenska samhället när den tidigare lärlingsvägen till journalistyrket skulle ersättas av en formaliserad journalistutbildning. I Sverige hade pressens organisationer svårt att enas om en utbildning och frågan diskuterades i över 50 år. Yrket sågs som en talang, en förmåga som vissa människor hade och det fanns ett motstånd mot en formaliserad utbildning. Den första delen av avhandlingen analyserar diskussionerna om en journalistutbildning ur en efterkrigskontext, såväl i Sverige som internationellt. Del två behandlar utredningsprocesser i Sverige när journalistutbildningens form förhandlades fram. Den tredje delen beskriver utvecklingen av och diskussionerna om de nystartade statliga journalistinstituten. Avhandlingen visar att utbildning av journalister ofta presenterades som en lösning på andra upplevda problem än att pressen behövde mer yrkesutbildad arbetskraft. En journalistutbildning föreslogs som en lösning på problem förknippade med kommersialisering och sensationsjournalistik, politiserad journalistik och krigspropaganda. Frågan om inflytande över opinionsbildningen i såväl Sverige som internationellt är kopplad till utbildning av journalister så till vida att utbildning sågs som en metod att påverka den ”fria” pressens funktionssätt. Av samma skäl ansågs en utbildning av journalister ibland som farlig, att journalisteleverna strömlinjeformades i en särskild utbildning efter enhetliga värderingar, vilket ansågs vara ett hot mot yttrandefriheten. Med hjälp av Bourdieu tolkas den problematiska relationen mellan pressens fält och det akademiska fältet över utbildningen som en strid mellan två olika kapitalformer för vilken kunskap som ska värderas – en strid som utspelades när betyg och formella examina mötte en erfarenhetsbaserad självbildande tradition. På ett högre plan formuleras striden mellan akademi och press som en kamp om ett symboliskt herravälde över vilka värden som ska gälla för sanna i det offentliga samtalet.

The majority of earlier studies on media and the environment have concentrated on media contents, effects, and associated problems and limitations. The focus here on 'approaches to improvement' advances research in this field a step forward. This research proposes three broad 'approaches to improvemen' and undertakes four case studies to provide an exploration of their potentials. First is the 'educational approach' of building journalists' knowledge. Two cases studies illustrate the high potentials of this approach. Assessment of a mid-career training initiative in environmental reporting reveals positive impacts on journalists' knowledge, reporting skills, and job satisfaction. Evaluation of a university journalism module on sustainability shows increases in students' understanding of the meaning and multidimensional nature of sustainability, and their appreciation of the need for enhancing public awareness through media coverage. Second is the 'social responsibility approach' of media receptiveness towards a more responsible role in communicating these issues. An analysis of newspersons' views reveals partial support for this approach – although they were somewhat unreceptive to media environmental policies as a way of expressing social responsibility, they tended to be receptive towards an educative role. However, journalistic routines and norms may restrict an educative approach to news reporting. Third is the 'message framing approach' of employing effective and persuasive communication strategies in the framing of mediated information to influence understanding and perception. An experimental assessment of an information campaign on 'sustainable consumption', designed based on this approach finds some increases in community understanding and concern; thus, illustrating the potentials of this approach. Finally, drawing from the findings of the case studies and other observations in the literature the study identifies the interdependencies between the three approaches and the interconnected network of other influencing factors that are likely to determine their success – thus providing a clearer perspective of their viability in the real world.

"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of journalism training received at North Texas State College by journalism majors."--4

Columbia University's Summer Program, created by Fred Friendly, was the first enduring effort to prepare non-whites for jobs in the news media. It operated from 1968 to 1974 at the Graduate School of Journalism, training 223 journalists for print and broadcast jobs. Three decades after the closing of this elite program, 110 graduates responded to a telephone survey on attitudes toward first employers, careers, and their experiences at Columbia. Results from this exploratory study show respondents spent an average 17.6 years in news media after the Summer Program, and 30.9 percent of respondents spent thirty years or more in journalism. Nearly 42 percent of respondents said they were promoted in their first jobs, and 29.1 percent became managers or supervisors in mainstream media news. Those who left news media cited reasons that seem to contradict results of earlier retention studies on people of color. Graduates rated the training highly.