The thesis analyses the interaction between various interests in Swedish society when the existing apprenticeship system for the journalism profession was to be replaced by a formal journalism education programme. The press organisations had a difficult time agreeing on a programme, and the issue was discussed for over 50 years. The profession was seen as a talent, an aptitude that some people had, and there was opposition to formal education. The first part analyses discussions about journalism education in a post-war context, both in Sweden and internationally. Part two considers extensive investigatory processes in Sweden, in which the structure of journalism programmes was arrived at through negotiations. The third part studies the development of and discussions about the newly founded national journalism schools. The thesis demonstrates that journalism education was often presented as a solution to other perceived problems than the press needing more professionally trained labour. Journalism education was proposed as a solution to problems associated with commercialisation, sensational journalism, politicised journalism and war propaganda. The question of influencing the shaping of opinion both in Sweden and internationally was linked to journalism education to the extent that education was seen as a method of affecting the way the "free" press worked. For the same reason, the education of journalists was sometimes considered dangerous, that journalism students were streamlined in a separate education programme based on homogeneous values, which could be a threat to the freedom of expression.Using Bourdieu, the difficult relationship between the journalistic field and the academic field on education is interpreted as a struggle between two forms of capital over which kind of knowledge is to be valued. On a higher level, the struggle between academe and the press was formulated as a battle of symbolic royalty over what values were to be regarded as true in public discourse. / Avhandlingen analyserar spelet mellan olika intressen i det svenska samhället när den tidigare lärlingsvägen till journalistyrket skulle ersättas av en formaliserad journalistutbildning. I Sverige hade pressens organisationer svårt att enas om en utbildning och frågan diskuterades i över 50 år. Yrket sågs som en talang, en förmåga som vissa människor hade och det fanns ett motstånd mot en formaliserad utbildning. Den första delen av avhandlingen analyserar diskussionerna om en journalistutbildning ur en efterkrigskontext, såväl i Sverige som internationellt. Del två behandlar utredningsprocesser i Sverige när journalistutbildningens form förhandlades fram. Den tredje delen beskriver utvecklingen av och diskussionerna om de nystartade statliga journalistinstituten. Avhandlingen visar att utbildning av journalister ofta presenterades som en lösning på andra upplevda problem än att pressen behövde mer yrkesutbildad arbetskraft. En journalistutbildning föreslogs som en lösning på problem förknippade med kommersialisering och sensationsjournalistik, politiserad journalistik och krigspropaganda. Frågan om inflytande över opinionsbildningen i såväl Sverige som internationellt är kopplad till utbildning av journalister så till vida att utbildning sågs som en metod att påverka den ”fria” pressens funktionssätt. Av samma skäl ansågs en utbildning av journalister ibland som farlig, att journalisteleverna strömlinjeformades i en särskild utbildning efter enhetliga värderingar, vilket ansågs vara ett hot mot yttrandefriheten. Med hjälp av Bourdieu tolkas den problematiska relationen mellan pressens fält och det akademiska fältet över utbildningen som en strid mellan två olika kapitalformer för vilken kunskap som ska värderas – en strid som utspelades när betyg och formella examina mötte en erfarenhetsbaserad självbildande tradition. På ett högre plan formuleras striden mellan akademi och press som en kamp om ett symboliskt herravälde över vilka värden som ska gälla för sanna i det offentliga samtalet.

This research investigated high-school journalism educators’ use and teaching of convergence technology, as well as their self-efficacy, job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. In general, instructions and uses of multimedia tools were not as prevalent as traditional-journalism instructions and tools. One-third of the teachers expressed moderate or strong levels of burnout in terms of their emotional exhaustion. Although both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction were strong predictors of burnout, self-efficacy was not. Job dissatisfaction was the strongest predictor of burnout, but contrary to the past research, gender turned out to be the second strongest predictor. Qualitative in-depth interviews with a controlled random sampling of survey respondents revealed that maternal mindset and gender roles strongly contribute to female high-school journalism teachers’ expressed burnout and emotional exhaustion.

the study explores learning-style preferences of journalism students to determine the differences in learning-style preferences between journalism students with internship experience and those without internship experience, and the association of selected demographic factors.

<p> Though eating disorders are a serious public health threat, misinformation about these potentially deadly diseases is widespread. This study examines eating disorder information from a wide variety of sources including medical journals, news reports, and popular social activist authors. Examples of misinformation were identified, and three aspects of eating disorders (prevalence, mortality, and etiology) were chosen as key indicators of scientific illiteracy about those illnesses. A case study approach was then adopted to trace examples of misinformation to their original sources whenever possible. A dozen examples include best-selling books, national eating disorder information clearinghouses; the news media; documentary feature films; and a PBS television Nova documentary program. The results provide an overview of the ways in which valid information becomes flawed, including poor journalism, lack of fact-checking, plagiarism, and typographical errors. Less obvious&mdash;and perhaps even more important&mdash;much of the misinformation results from scientific research being co-opted to promote specific sociopolitical agendas. These results highlight a significant gap in science communication between researchers, the medical community, and the public regarding these diseases, and recommendations to address the problem are offered.</p>

Thesis (M.A.(Hons.))--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 141-156.

Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-06, page: 2924. Adviser: Joseph Chuk.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-Maria-flora.pdf: 564614 bytes, checksum: 4c29f70453ec677d6131b9c9cb7eb134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-29 / When reflecting about the journalism in modernity it is possible to synthesize some of its trends in the affirmation and reiteration of a pseudo-rationality, that if establishes from the creation and recreation of the real for the technique. This work comprehends these trends to beyond the capitalist instrumentalization, and suggests the negation of the ideology conception of the journalistic narrative. For this, this work makes a relation between journalism, education and critical theory, in the meaning to examine the study s object in the Frankfurt s perspective. It is standed out that the context of the French and Industrial Revolutions, that had marked centuries XVIII and XIX, had directed the society for a new structure of economic sustentation, based for the development of the industrial sector, in which the capitalism blunts as only possibility of progress. The ideology of the capital would reach the following centuries and it would consolidate as expression of the freedom and the personal accomplishment to the reach of all for a better future. The new form of material production involved all the manifestations of the human being production, and soon it is established in the sectors of science, the arts, the religion and the education. Thus, the human being culture directly passed to be marked and to be influenced by the way of capitalist production. The process that took the culture appropriation for the capitalist ideology culminated in a reorganization of the productive forces in a concept that Horkheimer and Adorno had called, in century XX, of cultural industry. The magnifying of this concept touchs in the possibilities and impossibilities to glimpse an education directed toward to the citizen s autonomy. The unfoldings of this reality shows that is possible to observe how much the relations of production of the current society are determined by the marketing logic, having as base the alienation, explained for Karl Marx when analyzing the world s work. In way the trend to the construction of an instrumentalized rationality the Critical Theory calls the attention for the weakness of the critical thought and the true conscience. The work searchs to emphasize the importance of the recognition of these inherent contradictions to the modern journalism as instance of social (de)formation. / Ao refletir sobre o jornalismo na modernidade é possível sintetizar algumas de suas tendências na afirmação e reiteração de uma pseudo-racionalidade, que se estabelece a partir da criação e recriação do real pela técnica. Este trabalho compreende essas tendências para além da instrumentalização capitalista e sugere a negação da concepção ideologizada da narrativa jornalística. Para isso, propõe uma relação entre jornalismo, educação e teoria crítica, no sentido de examinar o objeto de estudo na perspectiva frankfurtiana. Ressalta-se que o contexto das Revoluções Francesa e Industrial, que marcaram os séculos XVIII e XIX, direcionaram a sociedade para uma nova estrutura de sustentação econômica, pautada pelo desenvolvimento do setor industrial, no qual o capitalismo se despontara como possibilidade única de progresso. A ideologia do capital perseverou nos séculos seguintes e se consolidou como expressão da liberdade e da realização pessoal ao alcance de todos para um futuro melhor. A nova forma de produção material envolveu todas as manifestações da produção humana, e logo se estabeleceu nos setores da ciência, das artes, da religião e da educação. Assim, a cultura humana passou a ser diretamente marcada e influenciada pelo modo de produção capitalista. O processo que levou a apropriação da cultura pela ideologia capitalista culminou em uma reestruturação das forças produtivas em um conceito que Horkheimer e Adorno chamaram, no século XX, de indústria cultural. A ampliação deste conceito resvala nas possibilidades e impossibilidades de vislumbrar uma educação voltada para a autonomia do sujeito. Os desdobramentos dessa realidade mostram ser possível observar o quanto as relações de produção da sociedade atual são determinadas pela lógica mercadológica, tendo como base a alienação, explicitada por Karl Marx ao analisar o mundo do trabalho. Em meio a tendência à construção de uma racionalidade instrumentalizada a Teoria Crítica chama a atenção para o enfraquecimento do pensamento crítico e da consciência verdadeira. O trabalho busca enfatizar a importância do reconhecimento dessas contradições inerentes ao jornalismo moderno como instância de (de) formação social.

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This study is a first of its kind for New Zealand journalism education, following 20 students at two different schools throughout a year-long training programme. It used two methods to gain a deeper understanding: a discourse analysis of their news stories written at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the year, and retrospective protocol analysis, to provide insight into their thinking processes, through their taped reflections. The research found that journalism education controlled by the New Zealand Journalists Training Organisation still resembles that of 20 years ago, despite increasing numbers of students learning journalism as part of degree programmes. Students are trained for the media industry through learning by doing. They receive basic instruction and then are expected to perfect their skills by practising their writing and to learn the conventions and routines of the media industry through socialisation and work experience. In the first half of the year, the students developed some skills in writing the traditional inverted-pyramid news stories. However, by the end of the year, their news writing showed technical signs of regression. Firstly, they were not writing in a succinct, clear fashion, emphasising news values. Secondly, they had been inadequately trained to write outside of the inverted-pyramid news story or to use popular “soft” lead sentences, so that their writing tended towards being promotional. Thirdly, journalism institutions strongly favour subediting by tutors and this detracted from the students gaining understanding of their own writing and being able to self-monitor and evaluate it. Lastly, they failed to show the critical thinking skills and independence necessary for a professional journalist so that they could research thoroughly, reflect deeply and write entertaining, informative and important news stories with flair. Their reflections confirmed these findings, suggesting some stress and disillusionment. The students could “declare” what they knew about writing a news story but could not put it into practice. They blamed their failure to write high quality news stories on the pressures of the course, the deadlines and high volumes of stories. The gaps in their journalism education were also revealed through what was not mentioned in their taped reflections: in particular, they failed to mention the importance of news values in making their stories more appealing. The major influence at first was the students’ tutors, followed by work experience and the “real world” of the media industry. The concentration on job skills and gaining a job coupled with a lack of knowledge and discussion provided the students with an incomplete understanding of the pressures of the media industry they were entering. The study recommends more debate about journalism education and more research, as well as a change away from “learning by doing” to a more critical, reflective approach.

Teaching journalism in tertiary institutions presents challenges, including how students learn to work in teams under the sort of pressure that characterizes workplace journalism. This thesis is a case study of how a group of students at AUT University, in Auckland, experienced taking responsibility for producing four editions of a student newspaper as part of their journalism training. Based on a series of individual student interviews, before, during and after their experience, this research suggests that the key factor in their learning was their being allowed, to a large extent, the power to make their own decisions about the appearance and content of their product, while still being charged with the responsibility of ensuring it reached a highly professional standard. The realities of life as a journalist, including recognizing the frequent need to prune, tighten or re-angle stories - even to reject them - and the vital role of co-operative teamwork, unparalleled in their other journalism studies, were driven home.The two tutors, interviewed after the last edition, put some of the student observations into context and provided insights into the discipline involved, as teachers, in maintaining training as a priority, while ensuring production to deadline of a series of reputable and legally safe newspapers.This case study suggests that while there are contrived aspects that cannot replicate a "real" newsroom - such as the students' assignment to editorial roles without the status of real editors or chief reporters - the learning experience resulted not only in advances in the students' technological skills but significant development in their critical thinking about the profession they were due to enter.