Jakob Steinhardt (1887 - 1968) has been ranked among the most significant German-Jewish artists of the 20th century. He became famous for his woodcuts depicting Jewish motives such as his Pessach-Haggada. He was also an important representative of the so-called Jewish Renaissance. The aim of this thesis is to present his persona in the context of German-Jewish history in the first three decades of the 20th century. The thesis tries to reconstruct his circle of artists and to analyse the Jewish constructions of identity. Methodologically, the thesis is based on the concept of cultural transfer; at the same time it also draws from historical analyses of social bonds and from the Visual Turn writings. The primary sources consist of individual pieces of visual arts, Steinhardts` guest books, his diaries, memoires of his wife and the then press. Key words: Judaism, Identity, Sionism, Jewish Renaissance, Expressionism, Jakob Steinhardt

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New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Everson Spolaor.pdf: 591705 bytes, checksum: 63c351bf0bad4f6693e0016d089538bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The pseudepigrapha Joseph and Aseneth is a work dating between the centuries I B.C.E. and I C.E., a product of the Jewish community who lived in the diaspora in Alexandria. The book is a novel about the meeting of Joseph, a Jewish patriarch, with Aseneth, her conversion and her marriage to Joseph. The result of a community that lived the challenges and hostilities of the diaspora, Joseph and Aseneth has elements that reveal an identity of this community. The Judaism of the Hellenistic period has changed. Jewish identity, that until then, was limited to geographicalethnic issues, started to open its borders to encompass also the proselytes and those married to Jews. Aseneth is an example of a proselyte who converts to Judaism because of an individual experience with the God of Joseph. Her introduction into the Jewish community occurs from her conversion and marriage to Joseph. This research has as its scope to find out elements for building a Jewish identity based on the analysis of the Pseudepigrapha Joseph and Aseneth. This identity is portrayed in the novel: (1) from the reproach and assimilation of Greek and Egyptian culture and religion; (2) from the introduction of proselytes in the Jewish community; (3) in an ethic of non-retaliation; (4) in a plain sexuality; (5) in epiphanies as elements that authenticate the new status. / O pseudepígrafo José e Asenet é uma obra datada entre os séculos I A.E.C. e I E.C., produto da comunidade judaica que viveu na diáspora em Alexandria. O livro é um romance que conta o encontro de José, patriarca judeu, com Asenet, a conversão de Asenet e o casamento de ambos. Fruto de uma comunidade que vivia os desafios e as hostilidades da diáspora, José e Asenet tem elementos que nos revelam uma identidade desta comunidade. O judaísmo do período helênico sofreu mudanças. A identidade judaica que, até então, se restringia a questões étnicasgeográficas, passava a abrir suas fronteiras para abarcar também os prosélitos e os que se casavam com judeus. Asenet é um modelo de prosélito que se converte ao judaísmo a partir de uma experiência individual com o Deus de José. A inserção dela na comunidade judaica se dá a partir da conversão e do casamento com José. Esta pesquisa teve como escopo encontrar elementos da construção de uma identidade judaica a partir da análise do pseudepígrafo José e Asenet. Esta identidade se configura, no romance: (1) a partir do confronto e da assimilação da cultura e religião grega e egípcia; (2) a partir da inserção de prosélitos na comunidade judaica; (3) numa ética da não-retaliação; (4) numa sexualidade evidente; (5) nas epifanías como elementos autenticadores do novo status.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Luiz Izidoro.pdf: 1122752 bytes, checksum: 96297286abb465de3c717b8ecf163d19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The biblical texts are the result of a historical-literary process in which the societies and cultures are present through the symbolic constructions and representations, as well as through languages and discourses. In this way, for biblical research, the studies of the source of primitive Christianity become indispensable. These studies can be carried out by means of historic-anthropological concepts that facilitate the understanding of the formation process of identities in the Jewish-Hellenistic context of primitive Christianity. In the perspective of identity analysis, Gl 3,26-29 reflects and suggests the interaction and approximation between ethnic groups and socio-cultural groups, provided some aspects are observed, such as: their differences and their unity in Christ Jesus; and the recognition of the identities emerging from the social, ethnic and geographical boundaries. From a theological and anthropological point of view, therefore, we get close to the ethnic, socio-cultural and religious conceptual components that the text suggests, as well as social and gender representation that emerge from the interaction between the Christian groups in the first century. Therefore, for the Pauline Christianity of Galatians, the concept of Judaism, in relation to Hellenism did not constitute a fixed , stagnated entity in opposition to the latter. Rather than this, they are in a continuous movement of interaction between boundaries, and, in their diversity and differences they make it possible to understand the emergence of the fluid identities in formation. / Os textos bíblicos são o resultado de um processo histórico-literário no qual as sociedades e as culturas se fazem presentes pelas construções e representações simbólicas, pelas linguagens e pelos discursos. Desse modo, na pesquisa bíblica torna-se imprescindível o estudo das fontes do cristianismo primitivo por meio de conceitos histórico-antropológicos que possibilitem compreender o processo de formação de identidades no contexto judaicohelênico do cristianismo primitivo. Na perspectiva de análise das identidades, Gl 3,26-29 reflete e sugere a interação e a aproximação entre os grupos étnicos e socioculturais, observadas as diferenças e a unidade em Cristo Jesus; e o reconhecimento das identidades a partir da dinâmica das fronteiras sociais, étnicas e geográficas. Dos pontos de vista teológico e antropológico, aproximamo-nos dos componentes conceituais étnicos, socioculturais e religiosos que o texto sugere, bem como das representações sociais e de gênero que emergem da interação entre os grupos cristãos ainda no século I. Portanto, para o cristianismo paulino da Galácia, a concepção do judaísmo, em sua relação com o helenismo, não constitui uma entidade fixa, estagnada, em simples oposição a este; eles estão em contínuo movimento de interação entre as fronteiras e, em sua diversidade e diferenças, possibilitam compreender o emergir das identidades fluidas em formação.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of interreligious dialogue and bioethics. The thesis analyses ethical context of specific biomedical issues, namely euthanasia, abortion, assisted reproduction and embryonic stem cells research viewed through the eyes of three world monotheistic religions (Christianity, Judaism and Islam). Sacred books, published documents and further available sources are used to explain the approach of those religions to the bioethical issues (answering the questions of why and how these religions approach the issues). The aim of the theoretical piece of work is to show observed differences and similarities. At the beginning of the thesis there is a general description of the religions in the context of medical ethics. It briefly characterizes religious beliefs and shows documents which these ethical beliefs are based on. The work shows differences but also common features of monotheistic religions. After the religions are discussed in general there is a chapter focused exclusively on interreligious dialogue. The thesis stresses out the importance of an open discussion between religions which leads to unity and reconciliation. Interreligious dialogue represents openness to unknown and willingness to a discussion. It is not possible not to mention a project called Global Ethic by a Swiss professor of theology Hans Küng, who is thoroughly interested in an interreligious dialogue mentioned above. Further chapters of the diploma thesis deal with specific bioethical questions and with the approach of Judaism, Christianity and Islam to these questions. Firstly, the thesis focuses on the issue of euthanasia followed by abortions, assisted reproduction and finally by embryonic stem cells research. The knowledge gained by studying the available sources shows that out of the listed bioethical issues world religions are mostly uniform in the opinion on euthanasia. All the monotheistic religions refer to untouchability and sanctity of human life from its beginning to natural death. It is only God who is a creator and possessor of all creation. That is why euthanasia and assisted suicide is seen negatively and at a distance as an act which does not belong to the hands of man. In 2005 the representatives of the three monotheistic religions in the Czech Republic signed a document in which they express their common negative attitude to the issue of euthanasia. Contrary to the opinion expressing agreement on the end of human life, which is seen by all the religions as the moment of natural death, there is a non-uniform opinion on its beginning. The differences in opinions of Christians, Jews and Muslims on the beginning of human life shape their attitude to abortions, assisted reproductions and also to embryonic stem cells research. In Christianity human life begins at the moment of conception and therefore from ethical point of view it has the most controversial attitude to such medical techniques. The life of the mother is valued in the same way as the life of the fetus. In Judaism an embryo has got lower status than an unborn child, therefore this religion has a slightly more benevolent attitude than Christianity. However, certain boundaries which are discussed below must be followed. In Islam the point crucial for the questions of abortion, assisted reproduction and embryonic cell stems research is when a soul is breathed into a fetus. It is only after this moment when embryo gains the status of a human person and therefore becomes untouchable. Islam and Judaism have a less strict attitude to the bioethical issues (except for euthanasia) than Christianity. The diploma thesis presents a review of opinions and values of certain monotheistic religions on bioethics issues with the concentration on interreligious dialogue. It brings an overview of similarities and differences in ethical opinions.

Modern interpreters of Paul, confronted with the ubiquitous and enigmatic phrase “in Christ,” have generally ignored “messiah” as a determinative category for explaining the idiom. This is due in part to a scholarly tradition which holds that Paul did not use χριστός with its conventional sense of “messiah.” However, recent scholarship on early messianology, emphasizing the creative interpretation of scripture in the production of messiah texts, has found that Paul’s usage follows the conventions of ancient Jewish messiah language. Drawing upon this revisionist model, I argue that Paul’s use of the phrase ἐν χριστῷ and its variants is explicable in terms of his messianic re-appropriation of authoritative literary traditions. Put differently, Paul’s “in Christ” language is an innovation that nevertheless follows the customs of ancient Jewish messiah speculation. Chapter one, recounting modern treatments of “participationism” and associated language in Paul, illustrates a virtually uniform neglect of messiahship in describing his “in Christ” language. Chapter two reviews the rise of revisionist accounts of ancient Jewish messiah language which eschew the totalizing concept of “the messianic idea” and emphasize instead linguistic conventions common to messiah texts: the creative re-appropriation of scripture, the reuse of messiah syntagms in new literary contexts, and the frequent recourse to a relatively small pool of literary sources to generate conceptions of messiahship. Chapter three, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the promises concerning Abraham’s seed, concludes that the phraseology “in Christ” derives from the Jewish scriptural words “in your seed,” and that the use of the idiom to denote Christ’s instrumentality in God’s actions and the identification of people as believers arises from this tradition. Chapter four, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the victory of the Danielic heavenly man, concludes that Paul’s concept of solidarity with the messiah is based on that between Daniel’s “one like a son of man” and the people of God and is often expressed with the phrase “in Christ.” Finally, chapter five is a two-part catalog of “in Christ” language in Paul’s letters, part one consisting of a syntactical analysis of every instance and part two a conceptual analysis of every instance in light of the findings of chapters three and four. In sum, Paul’s “in Christ” language, like ancient Jewish messiah language generally, is the product of its author’s creative interpretative enterprise to understand and explain his messiah.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_mib_me_assis.pdf: 330021 bytes, checksum: f3a251cc5d1170da2c681c93cf680435 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise e avaliação do discurso de Paulo em Antioquia, em meados do I século d.C., com enfoque no texto de 2,11-14 da Carta aos Gálatas, onde ele discute com os líderes da Igreja a relação entre judeus e gentios, os limites da adoção dos rituais da Torá. O posicionamento de Paulo é entendido no contexto da cultura helenística e dos ideais do império Romano e o judaísmo é discutido a partir de suas múltiplas e complexas facetas e com toda a dinâmica cultural, social, econômica e religiosa em que se insere no período. / This research aims at the analysis and evaluation of speech of Paul in Antioquia, in mid of I century BC, with focus in the text 2,11-14 in the Letter to the Galatians, where he discusses with the others leaders of the Church the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, the limits of the adoption of the rites of the Torah. The position of Paul is understood in the context of Hellenistic culture and the ideals of the Roman Empire and the Judaism is discusses from its multiple and complex facets and with the dynamic cultural, social, economic and religious which includes the period.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the interrelationships between marital adjustment, group commitment, religiosity and attitude to divorce in the Jewish group. It amounted to a within group empirical study of the Jewish community of Cape Town. Research, to date, has focused on marital stability where researchers have found that Jews have lower divorce rates than the general population. The present study attempted to assess the psycho-social outcomes of group commitment in the form of marital adjustment, thus bridging the gap between marital quality and marital stability in the Jewish group. On a wider level, the purpose of this research was to assess whether a social structural framework, utilizing the concept of social integration, is a perspective that can be used in explaining variations in marital adjustment. The following were the findings of the research : Religiosity was correlated to group commitment but not to marital adjustment; group commitment was correlated to marital adjustment; a negative attitude to divorce was not correlated to marital adjustment, group commitment or religiosity.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-01-25T13:50:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 16971913 bytes, checksum: 24dbb878fedc09aa8ca8a4d2d657c395 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T13:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 16971913 bytes, checksum: 24dbb878fedc09aa8ca8a4d2d657c395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to understand the mode of religious life of the Essenes and Therapeutae through investigating the reason and motivating purpose of such living. The methodological procedure is based on a historical and hermeneutics analysis of texts concerning the object of study. Within the study of Judaism, the relevance of the object of research is justified on the one hand, because the lifestyle of the groups included in Essenism be sui generis, and, on the other hand, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which are linked to an Essene character sect, be considered one of the major findings biblical documentary of all time. The analysis of the social, historical and religious context of the Judaism in the Second Temple period shows that in the late phase of this period in the history of the Jewish people, the Jewish nation was influenced by foreign policies that affected the religious sphere. Because of this, Jews interested in defending the principles and values of their religion rebelled against those who wanted to impose Hellenistic customs in the Jewish religious system. It is speculated that this rise may have been one of the factors that led to the formation of religious groups – comprehended in the Essene movement – which understood to be necessary to adopt a peculiar way of life to preserve the rectitude of the Jewish religious living. This righteousness was seen as a holy life based on the determination of the Torah according to the specific interpretation of each sect. / Esta dissertação objetiva compreender o modo de vida religiosa dos essênios e dos terapeutas por meio da investigação acerca da razão e da finalidade motivadoras de tal vivência. O procedimento metodológico fundamenta-se em uma análise histórica e hermenêutica de textos concernentes ao objeto de estudo. No âmbito de estudo acerca do judaísmo, a relevância do objeto de pesquisa se justifica, por um lado, pelo fato de o estilo de vida dos grupos inseridos no essenismo ser sui generis, e, por outro lado, a descoberta dos manuscritos do Mar Morto, que são vinculados a uma seita de caráter essênio, ser considerada um dos maiores achados documentais bíblicos de todos os tempos. A análise do contexto social, histórico e religioso do judaísmo no período do Segundo Templo mostra que na fase tardia desse período da história do povo judeu, a nação judaica sofreu influências políticas estrangeiras que afetaram o âmbito religioso. Por causa disso, judeus interessados em defender os princípios e valores de sua religião insurgiram-se contra aqueles que queriam impor costumes helênicos no sistema religioso judaico. Especula-se que esse levante pode ter sido um dos fatores que gerou a formação de grupos religiosos – compreendidos no movimento essênio – que entendiam ser necessária a adoção de um modo de vida peculiar para preservar a retidão da vivência religiosa judaica. Tal retidão era vista como uma vida santa fundada nas determinações da Torá conforme a interpretação específica de cada seita.