A dual-process framework argues that both intuition and reflection interact to produce moral decisions. The present dissertation integrated moral identity and moral judgment to explain moral behavior from the dual-process model and its account was tested by three studies. A typical everyday moral behavior of interest in the present research was honest behavior. Participants were introduced to use their intuitive ability to predict the dice number demonstrated on a computer. The reward will base on their self-reported accuracy. Studies examined cheating behavior of individuals who had a chance to lie for money. In study 1, sixty participants with diversified background were recruited in a laboratory study. The results supported that honest behavior was more an intuitive result than a reflective outcome. Honest behavior resulted from the absence of temptation and priming moral constructs increased honest behavior. Study 2 contained two parts, in the first part, the researcher developed a Chinese version of moral identity based on Aquino and Reed’s (2002) work, in the second part, fifty-eight participants’ moral identity was investigated by the instrument in the first part. Their honest behavior was measured in the same task adopted in study 1. The result confirmed that different mechanisms led different people to behave ethically. For people who had strong moral identity, honesty resulted from the absence of temptation, while for individual with weak moral identity, honest behavior resulted from the active resistance of temptation. In study 3, moral identity and moral judgment were integrated to explain moral behavior. A Web-based survey with 437 subjects showed that the relationship between moral identity and moral judgment was significant. Individuals who viewed themselves as moral people preferred formalistic ideals to utilitarian framework when making moral judgment. The follow-up experimental study demonstrated that moral identity and moral judgment interacted together to determine moral behavior. When formalism was coupled with the motivational power of moral identity, individuals were most likely to behave morally.

The preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray is often dismissed as merely an addendum to the novel intended to detract hostile readers and absolve the text itself of any accusations of immorality. When coupled with the narrative itself, however, the novel shows both the impossibility of producing the new through traditional notions of revolution, as well as the way in which the Deleuzian conception of judgment inhibits Dorian from ever viewing the portrait as insignificantly amoral, as not symbolic of his sins. Yet the preface, coupled with the various aesthetic objects in the text, is productive of a new form of judgment, one that does not reproduce the same moral order. This takes the form of a "useless" judgment. When Lord Henry claims he wishes to change nothing in England but the "weather," this is the same as the portrait, returned to its original form, hanging over Dorian's body at the novel's end: neither is a judgment with a use, but rather a judgment of a work of art that produces nothing in the work of art. Lord Henry cannot change the weather, and the portrait's changes do not help or affect Dorian in any way. Thus we see the answer to Deleuze's question of what the "refusal of work" would look like. Art is "quite useless" in that it is both extremely removed from any and all spheres concerned with moral order, and also fairly indifferent to this fact and Dorian's concern with maintaining a world organized by useful symbols.

Thesis Order to Pay Costs of Judgment Enforcement describes the most important aspects of judgment enforcement proceedings in relation to its costs and decisions about them, with focuses in more detail on the order to pay costs of judgment enforcement, as a specific mean of bailiff's decision. The first part deals with the judgment enforcement in general. There are explained the basic concepts relating to enforcement proceedings, which the thesis deals with, presented sources of enforcement law and for a better understanding to these chapters and necessary insight, there is also briefly outlined the actual course of enforcement proceedings. The thesis in its second part deals with the costs that the bailiff decides about with order to pay the costs of judgment enforcement, which are therefore essential part of the paper. Since the cost of judgment enforcement are widely discussed as very hot topic, the thesis deals with them in a more detailed way, taking into account not only the laws but also the case law regarding the amount and its compensation. The third part describes the actual area of bailiff decisions of cost of judgment enforcement and deals with different types of decisions, which determines the costs, depending on how the judgment enforcement proceeding ends. It deals with not only the...

This thesis claims that temporality can provide a novel means through which to distinguish between different types of judgment. Specifically, it focusses upon how the adjudicative process determines factual construction and argues that the resultant construction is, at least in part, contingent upon temporality. As the first of two starting points, the thesis begins by rejecting the subsumption thesis of judgment which states laws simply subsume facts that they ‘correspond to’. It attributes this rejection to the generality of laws and their flexibility as either rules or standards. Second of the two starting points, though related to the first, is what the thesis refers to as the ‘Kantian axiom’ which argues that time shapes consciousness. Extending this, the thesis posits that, filling in the lacuna created by the shortcomings of the subsumptive theory of judgment, adjudication’s temporality shapes its factual construction. Having established these preliminary points, the thesis describes the different ends of a spectrum of judgment in which legal decisions can tend toward. Adjudication as Cognition (abstract judgment), predicated I argue on a spatial-temporality at one end, and Adjudication as Understanding (concrete judgment), grounded on a creative reading of Bergsonian and Gadamerian temporality at the other. The main differences between these forms of judgment is the qualitatively different types of fact they produce, made possible through the temporalities upon which they are contingent. This results in different constructions of the subject and event (facts which law gives meaning to) which may impact upon ascriptions of responsibility. In addition, it is with adjudication as understanding that a potentially transformative form of judgment is possible and in which the radical difference of the subject and event of law emerges. Temporality is thus capable of reframing old problems of jurisprudence as well as articulating new ones. It argues that factual construction, in particular subjectivity is, in part, predicated upon time, and that temporality, as unproblematised, may conceal an exercise of judicial power. It also highlights the general marginalisation of temporality in (legal) modernity and reveals the ‘temporal trap’ of legal subjectivity in which futures are bound and pasts are arbitrarily selected.

<p>NR 20140805</p>

Design form choices and information visualization outcomes remain inexhaustible, and they result from ongoing judgments about their appropriateness or effectiveness. Visualization design decision models have been widely proposed and applied. However, experts fail to explicitly study using design judgment to produce informed, professional decisions. In this dissertation, I bridge design form informational judgment gap when analyzing five studies with lab and in-situ designs individually as well as cross-case synthetically and comparably to examine the design judgments of all students working with visualization projects. The outcome stands to explain comprehensively how these student designers make judgments throughout their design process. Through analyzing several design cases, I identify the judgments enabling design moves forward and outcomes. The findings provide a robust description of designers’ design judgment activities and how the design judgment methods relate to design outcomes. These findings may also help identify gaps in information visualization education.<br>

Depuis les années 1950, la pensée divergente est la principale mesure utilisée pour estimer le niveau de créativité d'un individu. si de nombreuses études lui ont été consacrées, peu se sont attachées à la décrire dans sa dimension processuelle. dans la continuité des travaux fondateurs de lubart et de gilhooly, nous développerons avec cette thèse une approche statique et une approche dynamique du processus de pensée divergente. nous proposerons plus spécifiquement une extension du modèle de résonnance émotionnelle de lubart et getz appliquée aux associations originales (pour l'aspect statique), et une modélisation par des chaînes de markov de différentes dimensions de la pensée divergente, comme les stratégies ou les catégories d'idées (pour l'aspect dynamique). / This dissertation is devoted to the study of the variability of creativity evaluations, by focusing ontraining non-experts judges to enhance their expertise. In the theoretical part, various issues related tocreativity, judgment and variability are explored and provide hypotheses for the empirical part. Thefirst series of studies allows justifying the relevance of the application of a simplified model of creativityjudgment inspired by Besemer & O’Quin (1999) to the evaluation by non-experts judges of graphicproducts made by children. The rest of the empirical studies are devoted to the investigation of theeffect of the training on 1) the stability and 2) the expertise of creativity evaluations. The model ofcreative judgments provides the mechanism explaining the effect of the training on the stability andthe expertise of creativity evaluations, by emphasizing the mediating role of stability and expertise ofrelevant predictors evaluation (originality and elaboration) and of the integration function, by which thejudge combines predictors to make a creativity judgment. A final study allows studying the long-termeffect of the training. These results are discussed and future research and applications are suggested.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.