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As a low fidelity work simulation, Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) are an affordable and practical way of empirically linking training and on-the-job performance, thereby providing a viable means of evaluating training effectiveness. An issue, when utilizing SJTs, is deciding the appropriate manner in which the SJT should be scored. Traditional SJT scoring methodologies, while successfully utilized for selection and prediction, pose specific challenges when applied to a SJT designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program. This study discusses the shortcomings of traditional SJT scoring methodologies when used in the evaluation context. To overcome these challenges, an innovative scoring methodology, the Hybrid methodology, is presented. This study provides the detailed description of the Hybrid scoring key creation, and compares the Hybrid scoring key with two traditional scoring keys (Subject Matter Expert (SME) and Respondent-based scoring keys). Responses from a military training program are utilized to illustrate the distinctive effects of using the three different scoring approaches. The superiority of the hybrid scoring key, due to increased confidence in the key's accuracy, and findings regarding training evaluation are discussed. Future research directions and practical applications of the research are also discussed. / Master of Science

Mental toughness (MT) has been shown to predict outcomes across a variety of high-stress contexts such as athletics, the military, and the workplace. Despite this, researchers have struggled to reach consensus regarding how best to conceptualize and measure MT. Specifically, MT assessments have focused on measuring general MT rather than domain-specific MT. The current study proposes a measurement model of MT grounded in social-cognitive theory and introduced an assessment of MT within a situational judgment test framework to assess MT in the workplace. Participants completed a battery consisting of the new measure as well as measures intended to establish construct validity. Factor analyses suggested a three-factor solution fit the data best. Furthermore, cross-structure analyses indicated that the new assessment avoided common-method bias in responding, as evident by weak correlations with measures of other constructs. / Master of Science / Mental toughness (MT) has been shown to be a resource that buffers against the negative effects of distress and predicts outcomes across a variety of settings, including the workplace. However, widely used self-report MT questionnaires have numerous issues, such as a lack of context. The current study addressed a number of these issues by creating a measure of MT wherein respondents were given a workplace situation and asked the likelihood that they would respond in a variety of manners, thereby assessing MT as relevant to the workplace context. Three factors of MT were most prominent – task persistence, emotional control, and utilization of feedback. The measure introduced in the current study had small associations with existing self-report measures of MT, personality, and distress, suggesting that the new method of measuring MT avoided some issues inherent to self-report responding. This research laid promising groundwork for the future assessment of MT in the workplace.

This paper investigated the suggestion that situational judgment is a multidimensional evaluation methodology that assesses task and/or contextual job knowledge, and in any given situational judgment test (SJT), there may be items that better tap contextual knowledge while other items may better tap task knowledge. 233 undergraduate students completed questionnaires containing a situational judgment test, personality questionnaire, and cognitive ability test. Results supported the hypothesis that suggested personality significantly predicts contextual knowledge over and above cognitive ability, but did not support the prediction that cognitive ability significantly predicts task knowledge above and beyond personality. Preliminary results suggest that the lack of support for H2 may be due to the SJT utilized in this study, which appears to have tapped primarily contextual knowledge domains. Implications and directions for future research are suggested. / Master of Science

Situational judgment tests are analogous to earlier forms of "high fidelity" simulations such that an ostensible paradox emerges in the consistent finding of criterion-referenced validity but almost complete lack of construct validity evidence. The present study evaluates the extent to which SJT's can demonstrate convergent and discriminant validity by analyzing a SJT from a multitrait-multimethod perspective. A series of hierarchically nested confirmatory factor models were tested. Results indicate that the SJT demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity but also contains non-trivial amounts of construct-irrelevant method variance. Wide variability in the content and validation methods of SJT's are discussed as the reason previous attempts to find construct validity have failed. / Master of Science

Thesis advisor: John Sallis / This dissertation raises the question of the political world, and pursues it as central theme in the political thought of Hannah Arendt and the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. Within the phenomenological tradition, world refers to a referential context of relations between beings, within which those beings appear as meaningful. Since Heidegger, the concept of world has been inextricably linked with that of understanding, the disclosedness that guides any interpretation of beings and allows them to appear as what they are. In what sense is the world political? In what sense does the political constitute a world? For Arendt, the political concerns human beings in their plurality. It concerns the relations between members of a polis, who are related to each other by the world that they share in common in action and speech. The polis is not simply a city or a political entity, but a space within which both things and human beings appear according to a distinctively political mode of disclosedness, a plural understanding. In this, Arendt operates within a hermeneutical ontology, though it is often unthematized or underdeveloped within her work. Gadamer’s hermeneutical philosophy makes it possible to explicate and develop this ontology, illuminating the complex reciprocal relationship Arendt develops between the worldliness of human beings and the space of appearance that arises out of the exchange of interpretive judgments: the political world. The central theme of the political world serves to uncover the hermeneutical underpinnings of Arendt’s political thought, as well as the political implications of Gadamer’s philosophy. Part I shows how an embryonic and unthematized concept of the political world arises from the analysis of being-with [Mitsein] in Heidegger’s Being and Time. Part II proposes a novel systematic interpretation of The Human Condition, situating the conceptual distinctions of the vita activa within a hermeneutical ontology, with particular emphasis on Arendt’s appropriation and development of the concept of world. Part III turns to Gadamer’s treatment of tradition and historically-effected consciousness [wirkungsgeschichtliches Bewußtsein] in Truth and Method, arguing that the handing-down of tradition describes an historical activity of plural understanding, from which the political world emerges. Part IV traces the development of Arendt’s theory of judgment in tandem with her account of δόξα, the discursive mode proper to plural understanding, and proposes a revisionist interpretation of her mature theory of judgment. Gadamer’s fusion of horizons, rather than a Kantian extended mentality, emerges as an apt description of the space of appearance that emerges within plural interpretive discourse. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of achieving reliability of administrative judgment in the selection of beginning teachers. This study has a threefold purpose. The first is to determine the type and extent of investigation necessary to achieve reliability of judgment in the ratings of teacher applicants. The second is to investigate the feasibility of a Regional Education Service Center's providing personnel selection services to independent school districts. The final purpose is to develop recommendations relating to reliability in teacher selection.

Deontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions often utilizing conditional logic (Wason, 1968). Correct identification of rule violations is bolstered by the addition of a social valence to the rule for both adults (Tooby & Cosmides, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996). This “deontic advantage” for violation-detection is taken as evidence for evolved social-cognitive mechanisms for reasoning about cheaters in the context of social contracts (Fiddick, 2004), and the early development of this advantage supports an evolutionary account of such abilities (Cummins, 2013). The current research hypothesized that differential attention to rule elements underlies the early emergence of the deontic advantage. Accuracy to a change-detection paradigm was used to assess implicit attention to various rule elements after children were told 4 different rules (2 social contracts, 2 epistemic statements). Thirteen 3-year-olds, twenty 4-year-olds, and sixteen 5-year-olds completed the experiment. Each participant completed 64 change-detection trials embedded within a scene depicting adherence to or violation of the rule. Results indicate that 4 and 5 year-olds consistently attend to the most relevant rule information for making decisions regarding violation (F(6, 124)=3.86, p<.01, ηp 2 = .144) and that they use observed compliance/non-compliance with the rule to further direct attention (F(6, 138)=3.27, p<.01, ηp 2 = .125). Furthermore, accuracy of change-detection to scenes of rule violation increases from ages 4 to 5, but not 3 to 4. However, a novel finding emerged suggesting that children use the absence of benefit to direct attention, suggesting possible “being-cheated” detection, rather than cheater-detection (F(9, 345) = 21.855, p<.001, ηp 2 = .322). This work is the first to investigate a deontic effect on attentional processes and opens a new avenue of inquiry to understanding the internal and external variables contributing to the development of deontic reasoning. Follow up studies are currently underway to clarify how children use these environmental cues and in/out group membership to direct attention to rule violations. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Chan Chun Hang Henry. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-138). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Notes on the sources of the works of Immanuel Kant and keys to abbreviations --- p.i / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- The Supersensible in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter II. --- "Brief Survey to the Scholarships on the ""Dialectic""" --- p.11 / Chapter III. --- The Supersensible in the first Critique: A Problematic / Emergence of the Transcendental Ideas --- p.16 / Bound determination and Reason --- p.17 / Antinomy and the Supersensible Totality --- p.24 / Concluding remarks --- p.34 / Chapter IV. --- The Supersensible in the second Critique: Reality of Freedom as Practical Reason --- p.36 / """Keystone “ of the critical system" --- p.37 / Pure practical reason and freedom --- p.39 / Chapter V. --- Tension between the Two Critiques --- p.44 / Chapter VI. --- Conclusion to the Chapter --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- A Transition from Nature to Freedom and the Power of Judgement / Chapter I. --- Introduction: From Urtheil to Urtheilskraft --- p.50 / Chapter II. --- Experience as a System and the Urtheilskraft --- p.55 / Chapter III. --- System of Philosophy and the Urtheilskraft --- p.59 / Chapter IV. --- Aesthetic Judgement as Reflective Power of Judgement --- p.64 / Chapter V. --- The Moments of Taste --- p.67 / First Moment: Taste as disinterested --- p.67 / Second Moment: Taste as universal --- p.69 / Third Moment: Taste as purposiveness without purpose --- p.71 / Fourth Moment: Taste as necessary liking --- p.72 / Chapter VI. --- "Imagination, Harmony, and the Deduction of Aesthetic Judgement" --- p.74 / Imagination in the Critique of Pure Reason --- p.76 / Deduction of taste --- p.81 / Chapter VII. --- Concluding Remarks to the Chapter --- p.85 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- Reflective Judgement and the Supersensible Substrate / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter II. --- Analogy and Teleological Judgement --- p.88 / Analogy as reflective judgement --- p.89 / Teleological Judgement: Between mechanism and purposiveness --- p.92 / Chapter III. --- Intuitive Understanding and the Supersensible Substrate of Reality --- p.97 / The peculiarity of human cognitive power --- p.99 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- Problems and Legacy of Kant's Concepts of Reflective Judgement and Supersensible Substrate / Chapter I. --- Introduction: Recapitulation of the Systematic Problem of Kant's Philosophy --- p.108 / Chapter II. --- The Supersensible Substrate as seen through Reflective Power of Judgement --- p.113 / Chapter III. --- An Indeterminate Ground of Critical Philosophy --- p.116 / Indeterminate ground of philosophy; or the destination of human freedom? --- p.120 / Chapter IV. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.125 / Conclusion --- p.126 / Bibliography --- p.129