The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are "cores" of similar personality traits among successful business and industrial managers and senior management students in the School of Business Administration at North Texas State University.

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A dissertação apresenta a visão de história que compõe o método de especulação e planejamento do futuro exposto no livro O ano 2000, de 1967, escrito por Herman Kahn e Anthony J. Wiener. O trabalho consiste na investigação das idéias e conceitos empregados no método, assim como nos resultados gerais da especulação e do planejamento do futuro, visando expor as influências de outros autores, idéias e conceitos, além dos diversos contextos que se articulam na obra. A dissertação visa mostrar como se constituiu o pensamento futurista de Kahn e Wiener em relação à história, a saber, uma visão progressista, porém não mais linear e como um produto da razão inerente ao homem, mas como um progresso que é conquistado a cada momento do presente pelo esforço humano em planejar o futuro. A história aparece assim como um desenvolvimento macro-histórico, que explica os desenvolvimentos passados e as possibilidades futuras, e, ainda, como um conjunto de exemplos heurísticos para pensar como as possibilidades futuras podem se manifestar factualmente. A pesquisa conclui que o pensamento futurista é um objeto de estudo muito rico para os historiadores por sua apropriação da história, pela representatividade como fenômeno histórico e por sua abrangência como parte da vida contemporânea. / This dissertation approaches the view of history embedded in the method of future speculation and planning set out in the book The year 2000, written in 1967, by Herman Kahn and Anthony J. Wiener. This work consists in investigating the ideas and concepts in the method, as well as in overall results of future speculation and planning, in order to expose the influences of other authors, ideas and concepts and the various contexts articulated in the book. We here try to show how the futurist thinking of Kahn and Wiener understood history, namely, a view of progress however no longer linear or a product of a reason inherent to man, but a progress achieved every moment by human effort in planning the future. Thus, history appears as a macro-historical development that explains past developments and future possibilities, and also as a set of heuristic examples to consider how future possibilities can manifest factually. The research concludes that futurist thinking is a valuable study object to historians for its appropriation of history, for its importance as a historical phenomenon and for its significance as part of the contemporary life.

A dissertação apresenta a visão de história que compõe o método de especulação e planejamento do futuro exposto no livro O ano 2000, de 1967, escrito por Herman Kahn e Anthony J. Wiener. O trabalho consiste na investigação das idéias e conceitos empregados no método, assim como nos resultados gerais da especulação e do planejamento do futuro, visando expor as influências de outros autores, idéias e conceitos, além dos diversos contextos que se articulam na obra. A dissertação visa mostrar como se constituiu o pensamento futurista de Kahn e Wiener em relação à história, a saber, uma visão progressista, porém não mais linear e como um produto da razão inerente ao homem, mas como um progresso que é conquistado a cada momento do presente pelo esforço humano em planejar o futuro. A história aparece assim como um desenvolvimento macro-histórico, que explica os desenvolvimentos passados e as possibilidades futuras, e, ainda, como um conjunto de exemplos heurísticos para pensar como as possibilidades futuras podem se manifestar factualmente. A pesquisa conclui que o pensamento futurista é um objeto de estudo muito rico para os historiadores por sua apropriação da história, pela representatividade como fenômeno histórico e por sua abrangência como parte da vida contemporânea. / This dissertation approaches the view of history embedded in the method of future speculation and planning set out in the book The year 2000, written in 1967, by Herman Kahn and Anthony J. Wiener. This work consists in investigating the ideas and concepts in the method, as well as in overall results of future speculation and planning, in order to expose the influences of other authors, ideas and concepts and the various contexts articulated in the book. We here try to show how the futurist thinking of Kahn and Wiener understood history, namely, a view of progress however no longer linear or a product of a reason inherent to man, but a progress achieved every moment by human effort in planning the future. Thus, history appears as a macro-historical development that explains past developments and future possibilities, and also as a set of heuristic examples to consider how future possibilities can manifest factually. The research concludes that futurist thinking is a valuable study object to historians for its appropriation of history, for its importance as a historical phenomenon and for its significance as part of the contemporary life.

The philosopher Heraclitus has been renowned for a great amount of time. Despite that fact the remaining fragments of his work have just recently been assembled to the composed form they have today. Among these fragments there are a couple of terms that stands out amongst others; one of them is the term logos. The main focus of this thesis is devoted to the mystery and usage of the term logos, which comes into a great display in fragment number 50. The ambition of the thesis is to evaluate and compare three interpreters’ readings of Heraclitus while having a close focus on his usage of the word logos in fragment 50. One of these interpreters, Martin Heidegger, may have the most radical reading of Heraclitus’ logos among the three. Because of his philosophical standpoint he interprets Heraclitus in a way which has never been done before. The other two do not have Heidegger’s phenomenological perspective, by which Heidegger broadens our understanding of Heraclitus fragments, which isn’t as the thesis will show unproblematic. The other two interpreters G.S. Kirk and Charles H. Kahn both do a thorough reading and translation of all the fragments, whereas Heidegger is more selective in his reading of the fragments. Heidegger doesn’t have the same intention in his interpretation as Kirk or Kahn; therefore may he be said to be more selective in his reading of Heraclitus. While Kirk and Kahn depict a more naturalistic ethic tendency in Heraclitus, Heidegger illustrates an ontological tendency which speaks about being and its’ constitution and expression as such. At the end of the thesis there is an analytic part which compares and investigates the possible difficulties in comparing the three readings. The thesis acknowledges the possibility of impossibility in ever understanding the extent of Heraclitus thoughts around logos; the three interpreters hopefully show the scope of understanding Heraclitus’ thoughts around this term.

Les langages synchrones ont été fondés pour modéliser et implémenter les systèmes réactifs temps-réels critiques. Avec la complexité toujours croissante des systèmes contrôlés, la vitesse d'exécution devient un critère important. Nous sommes donc à la recherche d'une exécution parallèle, combinant efficacité et sûreté.Les langages synchrones ont toujours intégré la notion de parallélisme, mais ce, pour l'expressivité de la modélisation. Leurs compilations visent principalement les circuits ou la génération de code séquentiel. Tous ont une sémantique formelle, qui rend possible la distribution correcte du code. Mais la préservation de cette sémantique peut être un obstacle à l'efficacité du code généré, particulièrement s'il est nécessaire de préserver une notion d'instant global au système.Le modèle sémantique qui nous intéresse est celui des réseaux de Kahn. Ces réseaux modélisent des calculateurs distribués, communiquant au travers de files de taille non bornée. Dans ce cadre, la distribution ne demande aucune communication ni synchronisation supplémentaire. En considérant l'histoire des files de communication, la sémantique de Kahn permet de s'abstraire de l'exécution effective, tout en garantissant le déterminisme du calcul. Pour cela, chaque nœud du réseau doit avoir une sémantique fonctionnelle continue.Le langage que nous développons est Heptagon, un langage synchrone fonctionnel du premier ordre, déscendant de Lustre. Son compilateur est un prototype universitaire, apparenté à l'outil industriel Scade. Grâce à sa sémantique de Kahn, la distribution d'un programme Heptagon ne pose pas de question, son efficacité beaucoup plus.L'efficacité requiert de minimiser les synchronisations. Cela revêt deux aspects non indépendants. Avoir un découplage suffisant des calculs : il y a des délais dans les dépendances entre calculs. Avoir une granularité importante des calculs : un fort ratio temps de calcul sur fréquence de communication. Or la sémantique synchrone et les horloges d'un programme Heptagon reflètent exactement l'inverse. Elles permettent au programmeur de se contenter d'un découplage d'un instant et à chaque instant, au maximum une valeur est calculée. De plus, les instants sont typiquement courts, pour assurer que le système réagit rapidement.Des précédents travaux sur le sujet, nous tirons deux constats.Le premier est que nous souhaitons le contrôle du parallélisme par le programmeur, directement dans le code source. Il doit pouvoir maîtriser à quels instants il y a communication ou synchronisation. La solution que nous proposons dans ce manuscrit est l'utilisation des futures dans Heptagon. Ils fournissent ce pouvoir au programmeur, tout en restant des annotations qui peuvent être supprimées sans changer la sémantique dénotationnelle du programme.Le deuxième constat est que la question de la granularité des calculs est une question profonde, touchant en particulier aux questions de dépendance de données, de choix des horloges et de compilation modulaire. Heptagon, comme ses parents, restreint les réseaux de Kahn qui peuvent être écrits, de telle sorte que ces trois questions se traitent séparément. Pour mieux comprendre le lien entre ces éléments, nous revenons aux réseaux de Kahn. Notre principal résultat est la définition de la sous-classe des réseaux ordonnés réactifs. Ceux-ci sont les seuls pour lesquels nous pouvons décrire modulairement le comportement avec des horloges, sans restreindre les contextes d'appels. Ces réseaux ont une signature d'horloge en forme normale, qui maximise la granularité. Pour l'exprimer, nous introduisons les horloges entières, décrivant la communication de plusieurs valeurs en un seul instant. Nous appliquons ensuite nos résultats pour voir sous un nouveau jour Heptagon, Signal, les politiques des objets de Lucid Synchrone, mais aussi proposer une analyse pleinement modulaire de Lucy-n langage synchrone le plus fidèle aux réseaux de Kahn. / Synchronous languages are used to program critical reactive systems. Today, systems require to find a way to execute them safely and in parallel. Parallelism has always been part of synchronous langages, but for modeling purpose. Their formal semantics allow to distribute them, but preserving the semantics may be ressource costly and prevent good parallel execution.The Kahn networks model is of great interest. It models distributed computers, communicating through unbounded FIFOs, ensuring that the computed values are deterministic, without any need of added synchronization.We develop the langage Heptagon, a first order functional synchronous son of Lustre.The compiler is an academic prototype of the industrial tool Scade. Thanks to its Kahn semantics, it can be distributed. In order to be efficient, one need to maximize the decoupling of computations and maximize the computation granularity. However, synchronous langages allow for very tight computation coupling and usually require thin computation granularity to ensure reactivity of the system.We opt for two research directions. The first one is to give the control of the execution parallelism to the programer. To this mean, we add futures to the source langage Heptagon. They provide control over starting and end of parallel computations, while preserving the functional semantics. Moreover, we provide a compilation for embedded systems, using statically allocated memory. The second one is to study Kahn synchronous semantics to understand data dependencies and maximize granularity of the computations. This touches deeply to the synchronous languages, mixing the usually separated questions of causality and clock calculus. We define the class of reactive ordered Kahn networks. They are the one which may be modularly compiled and whose behavior may be expressed with a clock signature. Moreover, we show that their is a normal form for this signature, maximizing the granularity of the network. To express it, we extend clocks to integer clocks. Then we come back to the synchronous languages we know to understand how to use it. The result is fully used and explained on Lucy-n, the synchronous language closest to Kahn networks.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-111). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-111). Also available on the Internet.

In 2013, 1% of Medicare reimbursements were withheld from U.S. hospitals, with a proposed cap of 2% in 2017 for redistribution to those hospitals that improve overall care and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the engagement strategies that some hospital middle managers used to improve employee performance to increase patient satisfaction. The sample included 4 health care middle managers in 1 hospital in northeast Connecticut. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was Kahn's personal engagement theory. Data were collected via semistructured interviews, participant observations, and review of hospital and public government documents. The process of member checking and methodological triangulation contributed to the study validity. The data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step method of analysis. Themes that emerged from the study were the importance of the role of the manager in fostering employee engagement, implementing explicit communication techniques, assisting employees in role performance, promoting employee wellbeing, commitment to patient care and satisfaction, and providing employees with rewards and recognition. Although this was a single case study, health care managers from other hospitals could benefit from the results of this study. The implications for social change include the potential for hospital managers to implement strategies to improve employees' engagement, thus improving patients' care and satisfaction, and the overall health and wellness of individuals in the community.