Although the operations of enterprise includes four perspectives ¡V finance, customer, internal business processes, learning and growth, the content of each perspective can be further divided into many subjects according to the different characteristic of each enterprise or business field. Among each perspective, they all have causal relationship directly or indirectly. Very often, the other perspectives will be impacted when the strategy or performance of one perspective has been changed, and the final overall performance of enterprise will also be affected via this kind of relationship. Because the relationship among these perspectives is complicated and the problem of time delay is serious, it is difficult for a manager to make correct decisions in this complicated operation system. Once the wrong strategy is taken, the growth of enterprise will be postponed, or even worse, the enterprise will be out of business by the potential risk that caused by the wrong strategy. For instance, the magic development stories of Wonder Techs and People Express are both very typical examples. This research takes A Corporation as the object of case study. Through the collection and study of domestic and foreign relative literature, paper and theses, this case study will help the object company find out the opportunity and its orientation on the present and future market environment by STEP analyzing, inspect the company¡¦s competition and threat by Michael E. Porter¡¦s Five Basic Competitive Forces Analysis, and survey the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company on the market by SWOT method. And finally, the causal relationship diagram of the enterprise operations can be drawn by system thinking methodology with the four-perspective framework of balanced scorecard from the overall view of enterprise. The analysis of this causal relationship feedback diagram will check the influence of the whole enterprise¡¦s operation system by all kinds of operation activities, and even, can set up the enterprise¡¦s Dynamic Strategy Map based on this study. The Dynamic Strategy Map will help the manager analyze the operation strategy through the angle of the whole system operations to avoid just emphasizing on the short-term performance and neglecting the necessary of the long-term fundamental measures required for running the enterprise forever. Moreover, it can also assist the manager to pursue the high leverage point from the causal feedback diagram to be the key performance indicator for improving the enterprise¡¦s operation quality and enhancing its competitiveness, and to allocate the limited resources on the most suitable places to create best benefit. This case study takes the present condition of A Corporation as the research scope. Restricted by company¡¦s specific characteristic and present operation condition, the findings of this research cannot be applied to the other enterprises directly. But by comparing with the similar operation activities of the other enterprise or group, the causal relationship feedback among these operation activities still have the same direction of trend with the object enterprise logically. Therefore, the analysis in qualitative aspect will still have its reference value for the other enterprise.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit lag in der Erstellung eines Umweltkennzahlensystems für das Unternehmen Brose, welches als Tools zur Steuerung der Prozesse eingesetzt werden kann. In einer wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung wurde das Umweltkennzahlensystem analysiert. Unter Zuhilfenahme verschiedener Normen und Leitfäden des BMU und UBA entstand ein neues Umweltkennzahlensystem, das den allgemeinen und den speziellen Anforderungen Broses gerecht wird. Die Projektarbeit hat Verbesserungspotenziale des vorher bestehenden Umweltkennzahlensystems aufgedeckt, die durch die Neuerstellung behoben worden sind. Das neue Umweltkennzahlensystem ist darauf ausgelegt, im Unternehmen aktiv als Managementtool genutzt zu werden, anhand dessen Entscheidungen getroffen werden und das eine Frühwarnfunktion übernimmt.

Em menos de duas décadas, um novo mundo competitivo emergiu fazendo surgir nas organizações uma nova demanda de indicadores de desempenho. Neste ambiente, mais do nunca, é requerido aos Executivos o uso de indicadores significativamente melhores, que direcionem as estratégias e o desempenho dos negócios. Eles precisam de indicadores que vão além dos indicadores financeiros para direcionar as mudanças, mostrar a posição competitiva, aprimorar os processos e melhor prever o futuro. Este estudo procura apresentar um modelo para auxiliar as Organizações na gestão do aprimoramento de seus processos, de maneira eficaz e eficiente, através do uso de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho, partindo de sua estruturação, identificação e forma de medição, até o uso correto das informações coletadas e processadas de modo a atender às metas delineadas por uma estratégia traçada pela Organização. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo para implantação de um sistema de indicadores. Como objetivos secundários pretendem-se: identificar os principais modelos de gestão baseados em indicadores de desempenho; dentre os modelos de gestão, levantados, adaptar um método de implantação e realizar uma aplicação rápida no departamento de logística em uma empresa de mineração. Para tanto, buscou-se um embasamento teórico a partir dos seguintes modelos de avaliação de desempenho: Gerenciamentos pelas Diretrizes (GPD), Capital Intelectual, Modelo Quantum, Rummler & Brache, Sink & Tutle e Balanced Scorecard (BSC); de onde se concluiu que os modelos mais adequados para a realização do trabalho seriam o GPD e o BSC, visto que, este leva em conta não apenas perspectivas financeiras para a avaliação de desempenho. / In less than two decades, a new competitive world has emerged and put stringent fresh performance demands on all organizations. In this environment, executives require significantly better measures to direct strategy and business performance than ever before. They need measures that go behind the financials to drive change, show competitive position, improve business processes, and better predict future. This study tries to present a model to help organizations to manage its processes improvement, in an effectiveness and efficiency way, trough the use of a performance measurement system, from the way it is structured, identified and measured, till the correct using of the data collected and processed to attend the targets defined by the organization strategy. The main target of this work is to develop a model of implementation of a management system. As secondary targets is intended to: Identify the main models of key performance indicator management based; among these studied models, choose which one is more suitable to be used and fast implementation in logistic department in a mining company. In order to do this, it was looked for theory based upon the following performance evaluation models: Policy Management (PM), Knowledge Capital, Quantum model, Rummler & Brache, Sink & Tuttle and Balance Scorecard (BSC); which was conclude that the more adequate model to do this work was the PM, and the BSC, since it consider other perspectives besides than just the financial perspective in order to evaluate the performance.

This study investigates different ways to use Microsoft SharePoint to publish data in the form of charts and tables from a software system as a part of a business intelligence effort. The purpose is to provide accurate and up-to-date statistics automatically on a corporate website instead of manually creating it. An application was developed to serve as middleware between the SharePoint server and the data source. Different options were analyzed, both client-side and server-side components. It was found that using the SharePoint .NET client API is an efficient way to achieve this goal, especially in an IT environment where development of SharePoint server-side components isn’t a viable option due to IT security concerns. The study describes a way to initiate a small-scale BI implementation without large budgets or firm commitments in the organization. It uses a web collaboration tool that is common in larger businesses and shows a way to interface in-house developed data sources. What SharePoint API to use was restricted from a IT security and stability standpoint in this thesis. This restriction is likely to apply also on other larger organizations where a similar initiative is driven from outside the IT department. It was found that automating the generation of production reports could save significant time compared to manually creating them.

The overall objective of the study is to plan and recommend the most appropriate city environment that can foster the dynamic interactions necessary to implement sustainable and adaptable smart city projects for the purpose of enhancing the quality of the natural environment. Specific research approaches have been applied to answer the separate research questions, which is a performance indicator approach combined with a literature review. The Smart City level of Tshwane is measured, and it is further analysed how this contributes towards environmental sustainability on a city level. Even though environmental issues persist in the City of Tshwane, it was observed that there exists a direct correlation between smart city implementations and the improvement of environmental sustainability, from international examples. It is thus evident from the study that smart city initiatives applied in all city activities facilitate the enhancement of resource efficiency within a city. This ultimately contributes to improving the environmental performance, quality, liveability and sustainability within the cityscape. In order to achieve this, the Smart City level of a city needs to be measured and evaluated to establish a baseline supported by existing data to best inform an integrated approach in planning and implementation procedures (Bosch, et al., 2017). Smart city technologies and implementations create the setting for possible significant changes towards environmental sustainability. Key Terms: City of Tshwane, Smart City, ICT, environmental sustainability, environmental performance, evaluation, EUROCITIES CITYkeys’ Key Performance Indicator Framework, Key Performance Indicators, city-level, and literature review. / Mini Dissertation (MA (Environment and Society))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MA (Environment and Society) / Unrestricted

The purpose of this exploratory research was to explore the effect of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on State Owned Enterprises’ performance in South Africa. The aim of the study was to establish the impact that KPIs have on state owned enterprises, how they are currently measured and the causes of success or failure of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on State Owned Companies.Fifteen respondents participated in this qualitative study. The survey method used was a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. The respondents were all Senior Executives including Chief Executive Officers, General Managers, Board Members and Senior Management employed by State Owned Enterprises reporting to the Department of Public Enterprises, Department of Transport and Department of Water Affairs. The research instrument that was used was a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create a brief, but comprehensive process for developing KPIs independent of context. Bridging the current gap in the literature for a process that can be applied in any industry or situation and include instructions for each of the steps in the process. To fulfill the purpose, the following research question is answered: Independent of industry and application, how could a process for organizations that are interested in developing new KPIs be structured? Method: This is an abductive qualitative study that combine extant literature with empirical data from both in-depth analysis of a single case company as well as interviews with companies from different industries. The literature was analyzed through a content analysis. Thematical analysis was utilized for analyzing the interviews. A tentative process for new KPI development synthesized from the theory and empirical findings was applied in the case company to identify a process that is applicable in a practical setting. Findings: The findings consist of a process for developing new KPIs with (1) six activities that companies should undertake, (2) six critical success factors, one for each activity, they need to consider, and (3) actions and tools to utilize in each activity. Implications: This study contributes to the literature by combining the currently wide array of research into a brief but comprehensible and applicable process that can be used independent of context. For practitioners, this study contributes by creating an understanding of how to efficiently develop new KPIs that enables the whole organization to achieve the strategy and goals. Limitations and future research: There are two main limitations in this study; the process is only applied at one company and the timeframe inhibited the ability to study the effects of the developed KPIs. Hence, future research should investigate if the process is valid in other contexts as well as study the effects of the KPIs being developed through the process. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en koncis och kontextoberoende process for utveckling av nya KPIer. Detta överbryggar det nuvarande gapet i litteraturen för en process som innehåller detaljerade instruktioner och kan appliceras i vilken industri och situation helst. Följande forskningsfråga besvaras för att uppfylla syftet: Oberoende av industri och användning, hur kan en process för organisationer som vill utveckla nya KPIer vara strukturerad? Metod: Detta är en abduktiv, kvalitativ studie som kombinerar nuvarande litteratur med empirisk data från både en djupgående analys av ett företag samt flertalet intervjuer med företag från olika industrier. Litteraturen analyserades med en innehållsanalys. En tematisk analys nyttjades för att analysera intervjuerna. En tentativ process för utveckling av nya KPIer syntetiserad från teoretiska och empiriska resultat applicerades i ett företag för att identifiera en process som var applicerbar i praktiken. Resultat: Resultatet består av en process för utveckling av nya KPIer med (1) sex aktiviteter företag bör utföra, (2) sex kritiska framgångsfaktorer, en för varje aktivitet, de behöver ta hänsyn till och (3) steg och verktyg att nyttja i varje aktivitet.  Bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till litteraturen genom att kombinera det nuvarande breda spektrumet av studier till en omfattande men koncis och applicerbar process som kan användas oberoende av kontext. Studiens praktiska bidrag är att processen skapar en förståelse för hur företag effektict kan utveckla nya KPIer som möjliggör att företagets strategi och mål uppnås.  Begränsningar och framtida forskning: Studien har två huvudsakliga begränsningar: processen är enbart applicerad i ett företag och tidsramen förhindrade undersökning av de utvecklade KPIernas effekt. Därför vore det värdefullt om framtida forskning studerade processens användning i fler industrier och situationer samt vilken effekt KPIer utvecklade med processen har.

During the 2009 economic recession, United States business leaders cut marketing expenditures between 33% and 50% more than they did for any other business expenditure to mitigate financial loss because business leaders often regard marketing as an expense and not an investment. Since there is not a widely applied marketing measurement standard, this multiple-case study focused on finding key performance indicators that healthcare and sales small business leaders in eastern United States with less than 500 employees, and marketing evaluation practices in place, used to evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing. Institutional theory was used as the conceptual framework to explore the key drivers behind marketing measurement practices. The focus of this study was on the experiences of 4 small business leaders in Atlanta, Georgia, and Baltimore, Maryland, who have developed financial and nonfinancial strategies to measure their marketing performance. Data collected for this study included 20-minute interviews with each participant, strategic plans, and field notes. A modified van Kaam and triangulation approach was used for data analysis to identify themes, which included the need to tie marketing measurement to the product or service offering and drive revenue or traffic to their business. The results of the study may benefit practitioners who work on social change strategies because the conclusions clarify effective marketing practices and increase well-being of customers. Further, this study provides recommendations for successful marketing measurement strategies that may help businesses meet the needs of community members.

The master thesis at Sandvik Additive Manufacturing Division, Sandviken, aims at three things. The first step is to estimate the cost of a Binder jet Additive Manufacturing method and identify the key cost drivers in the manufacturing process, since cost estimation can help the organisation to understand the cost factors that are affecting the product's price. Also assisting the sales team to create a foundation to price quote their customers and raise profit margins. Hence the first part of the thesis emphasizes creating an easy-to-use template for the organization's production and sales teams. The second part of the thesis is to provide an Excel sheet that is simple to use for computing the yearly budgets so that it serves as a technique for forecasting impending outflows within the company. Hence, a quarterly and yearly budgeting template that the sales and production team can use at Sandvik AM division is designed. The final objective of this thesis is to establish the Binder Jet machine's Overall Equipment Efficiency key performance indicator. This is done by taking into account availability, performance, and quality. These three factors are tracked from the additive manufacturing machines using an automated OEE Key Performance Indicator calculator that collects data from the build reports into Excel using the power query tool. / Examensarbetet vid Sandvik Additive Manufacturing Division, Sandviken, syftar till tre saker. Det första steget är att uppskatta kostnaden för en Binder jet Additive Manufacturing-metod och identifiera de viktigaste kostnadsdrivkrafterna i tillverkningsprocessen, eftersom kostnadsuppskattning kan hjälpa organisationen att förstå de kostnadsfaktorer som påverkar produktens pris. Hjälper även säljteamet att skapa en grund för att prissätta sina kunder och höja vinstmarginalerna. Därför fokuserar den första delen av avhandlingen på att skapa en lättanvänd mall för organisationens produktions- och säljteam. Den andra delen av uppsatsen är att tillhandahålla ett Excel-ark som är enkelt att använda för att beräkna den årliga budgeten så att det fungerar som en teknik för att prognostisera förestående utflöden inom företaget. Därför utformas en mall för kvartalsvis och årlig budgetering som sälj- och produktionsteamet kan använda på Sandvik AM-divisionen. Det slutliga målet med denna avhandling är att fastställa Binder Jet-maskinens övergripande utrustningseffektivitets nyckelprestandaindikator. Detta görs genom att ta hänsyn till tillgänglighet, prestanda och kvalitet. Dessa tre faktorer spåras från de additiva tillverkningsmaskinerna med hjälp av en automatiserad OEE Key Performance Indicator-kalkylator som samlar in data från byggrapporterna till Excel med hjälp av kraftfrågeverktyget.

Food is one of the strongest influences affecting both human health and the environment. The food sector is responsible for a substantial share of greenhouse gas emissions in the world, and the demand for more sustainable diets has, therefore, increased. The individual is starting to realize one's own possibility to contribute to a more sustainable society, and people are willing to change their habits to become more sustainable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create holistic KPIs for sustainable food systems that encourage improvement. The KPIs aim to measure and quantify sustainability from three perspectives: environmental, economic and social sustainability. The methodology used is a framework consisting of five focus areas aiming to create sustainability indicators. The purpose of the five focus areas are to establish vision, indicator framework, indicator selection, stakeholder participation and lastly communication design and strategy. 13 KPIs have been developed, focusing on electricity usage, water usage, GHG emissions, waste management, well-being and expenses. The target group, aimed to use the KPIs, consists of students living in Sweden, making the KPIs adjusted to a student’s lifestyle. The KPIs range from 0-100 %, and a final sustainability ranking is provided through a weighted average of the 13 indicators. The indicators are presented in a radar chart to increase awareness of the students' everyday habits and aim to encourage improvement to increase the sustainability ranking.