“‘King Hereafter’” posits Shakespearean theater as a gateway between Reformation England’s suppressed desire to rid itself of monarchy and that desire’s expression in the 1649 execution of King Charles I. Specifically, I argue that Macbeth darkly manifests a latent Protestant fantasy in which the kings of the earth are toppled in a millenarian coup. Revolution- and Restoration-era writers John Milton and William Davenant attempt to liberate or further repress Macbeth’s apocalyptic republicanism when they invoke the play for their respective causes. Shakespeare’s text resists appropriation, however, pointing up the blind spots in whatever form of sovereignty it is enlisted to support. I first analyze Macbeth (1606) in its original historical context to show how it offers an immanent critique of James I’s prophetic persona. Macbeth’s tragic foreknowledge of his own supersession by Banquo’s heirs mirrors James’s paradoxical effort to ground his kingship on apocalyptic promises of the demise of earthly sovereignty. Shakespeare’s regicidal fantasy would be largely repressed into the English political unconscious during the pre-war years, until John Milton drew out the play’s antimonarchical subtext in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649). Yet the specter of an undead King Charles, I argue in chapter two, haunts Milton just as Banquo’s ghost vexes Macbeth because Milton’s populist theory of legitimate rule continues to define sovereignty as the right to arbitrary violence. In chapter three, I show how Sir William Davenant’s Restoration revision of Macbeth (c.1664) reclaims the play for the Stuart regime by dramatizing Hobbes’s critique of prophetic enthusiasm. In enlarging upon Macduff’s insurgency against the tyrant Macbeth, however, Davenant merely displaces the rebellious potential of the rogue prophet onto the deciding sovereign citizen. Finally, my fourth chapter argues for Milton’s late-career embrace of Shakespearean equivocation as a tool of liberty in Samson Agonistes (1671). Samson’s death “self-killed” and “immixed” among his foes in a scene of apocalyptic destruction challenges the Hobbesian emphasis on self-preservation and the hierarchical structures on which sovereignty itself depends for coherence. Milton’s mature eschatological vision of the end of sovereignty coincides with his artistic acceptance of the semantic and generic ambiguities of Shakespearean drama. / text

This thesis examines the function of commemorative skaldic verse at the Viking-age court. The first chapter demonstrates that the commemoration of past kings could provide a prestigious genealogical record that was used to legitimize both pagan and early Christian rulers. In the ninth and early tenth centuries, poets crafted competing genealogies to assert the primacy of their patrons and of their patrons’ religions. The second chapter looks at the work of tenth-century poets who depict their rulers’ entrances into the afterlife. Such poets interrogate the role public speech and poetic discourse play in the commemoration of the king, especially during the political turmoil that follows his death. A discussion follows of the relationship between poets and their patrons in the tenth and eleventh centuries: although this relationship is often praised as one of mutual trust and reliance, the financial aspects of the relationship were often juxtaposed uneasily with expressions of emotional attachment. The death of the patron caused a crisis in these seemingly contradictory bonds between poet and patron. The final chapter demonstrates the dramatic development in the eleventh century of deeply emotional commemorative verse as poets become adopted into their patrons’ families through such Christian ceremonies as baptism and marriage. In these verses poets express their grief after the death of the king and record the performances of public mourning on the part of the kings’ followers. As the petty warlords of the Viking age adapted to medieval models of Christian kingship, the role of the skald changed too. Formerly serving as a propagandist and retainer in the king’s service, a skald documenting the lives of kings at the end of the Viking age could occupy an almost infinite number of roles, from kinsman and friend to advisor and hagiographer.

Studien syftar till att undersöka utformningen av Guds och Mose-kommunikation och de betydande händelserna i Moses och Egyptens historia, både i filmen Exodus: Gods och Kings och Andra Moseboken. Metoden som används i undersökningen är en traditionell jämförande metod där två objekt jämförs med varandra. Metoden utfördes genom användning av så kallade jämförelsesmatriser och faktorer baserade på definitionen av kommunikation. Undersökningsresultaten baseras på data som förvärvats från föremålen och tidigare forskning. I slutresultatet hittade jag likheterna och skillnaderna mellan objekt i frågorna. / The study aims to examine the design of God and Moses communication and the significant events in the history of Moses and Egypt both in the film Exodus: Gods and Kings and Exodus.The method used in the survey is a traditional comparative method where two objects are compared with each other. The method was performed by using so-called comparison matrices and factors based on the definition of communication. The survey results are based on the basis of data acquired from the objects and previous research. In the final result, I found the similarities and differences between objects in the issues.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation sets out to trace the political history of part of what is now Natal in the period from the third quarter of the 18th century to the late 1820s. After briefly describing the nature of political organization in the region at the beginning of the period, it explains how, in the later 18th century, several large paramountcies emerged among the small-scale chiefdoms which had previously been in exclusive occupation of the area. It traces continuities between the conflicts which brought about the formation of these larger polities and the upheavals which, in the later 1810s and early 1820s, totally transformed the region's political landscape. It argues that the concept of the mfecane, which portrays these upheavals as a product of the violent expansion of the Zulu state, is based on colonial-made myths and is devoid of analytical usefulness. It shows that A.T. Bryant's supposedly authoritative account of the period of the upheavals is very largely plagiarized from two minor publications produced long before by Theophilus Shepstone. It goes on to propose an alternative account which demonstrates that the.Zulu state was simply one among a number of important political actors in the ThukelaMzimkhulu territories in the 1810s and 1820s. Though the Zulu were eventually able to establish domination of the region, they did not 'devastate' it, as conventionally they are supposed to have done, and were unable effectively to occupy more than a small part of it. The Zulu were still in the process of establishing a hold on the region when, in the mid-1820S, its political dynamics began to be transformed by the increasing involvement of British traders from Port Natal in the affairs of the Zulu state. By the end of the 1820s, cape-based commercial and political interests were beginning to contest Zulu hegemony in the region south of the Thukela, and a new era in its history was opening. / AC2017

Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Renata Lopes Biazotto Venturini / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: No primeiro livro de sua obra, o historiador romano Lívio se dedica ao período lendário da fundação de Roma e ao período monárquico que se sucede. A publicação deste volume ocorre paralelamente aos primeiros anos do principado de Augusto. Ao caracterizar sua época como um período de decadência da sociedade, o historiador incita seus contemporâneos a recuperarem o respeito às antigas tradições através da sua história de Roma. Esta pesquisa visa analisar a construção das personagens históricas dos reis e identificar as influências do presente do historiador na sua composição, principalmente no que tange à defesa de um modelo de identidade romana calcado nas tradições do mos maiorum. / Abstract: In his first book, the Roman historian Livy dedicates himself to the legendary period of the foundation of Rome and to the monarchic period that follows on. The publication of this volume takes place in the first years of Augustus' principality. In characterizing his age as a period of society decadence, the historian incites his contemporaries to recover the respect for the old traditions through the history of Rome. This research aims to analyze the construction of historical characters of kings and identify the influences of the historian's present in its composition, especially regarding the defense of a model of Roman identity based on the traditions of the mos maiorum. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WASHINGTON MACIEL DA SILVA.pdf: 2485791 bytes, checksum: c0856a00a1a302cd2cc5a5a810114202 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-13 / This research presents a study about representations and identity present in the cultural memory of the community that make rollicks of kings, a cultural practice of the religion of the people in Rio Verde, Goiás. We verify the recall of the myth by the community of devotes presents in the neighborhoods and regions poor the city. In this sense, we motive the research in its historical context, since the issue of cult in Europe and its migration to Brazil of old parties´ king, in January and rollicks to the integration of dance and singing as a popular practice. From diffusion of the devotion by a colony marked by ethnic miscegenation, the ritual spread by the Brazilian population. The hybridity of the culture of religious practices is a reality that is categorically different from the official Catholicism and orthodox. The cult of holy memory of kings is shaped regionalities and peculiarities of that community, which reinvents the ritual in this historical research. / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo das representações e da identidade, presentes na memória cultural da comunidade praticante da Folia de Reis. Trata-se, pois, de uma prática cultural da religião do povo em Rio Verde, Goiás. Verificamos a rememoração do mito pela comunidade dos devotos presentes nos bairros e regiões carentes do município. Nesse sentido, fundamentamos a pesquisa, por meio de um contexto histórico, desde o surgimento do culto na Europa e sua migração para o Brasil. Além disso, sumarizamos o contexto das antigas reisadas, janeiras e folias até a integração da dança e do canto como prática popular. A partir da difusão da devoção por uma colônia, marcada pela miscigenação étnica, o rito se difundiu pela população brasileira. O hibridismo da cultura das práticas religiosas é uma realidade que, categoricamente, se diferencia do catolicismo oficial e ortodoxo. O culto, à memória dos santos reis, constitui-se de regionalidades e peculiaridades daquela comunidade, a qual reinventa o ritual, historiado nesta pesquisa.

This thesis explores the question of how the figure of Solomon is characterized in the Hebrew Bible. This question arises from the observation of divergent depictions of Solomon in the different books. In 1 Kings 1–11, Solomon is depicted in an ambivalent manner where his wisdom can be used positively for the benefit of all Israel and negatively through focusing on the royal court to the neglect of Israel at large. In contrast, Solomon is presented as a model king of cultic fidelity in 2 Chronicles 1–9 in spite of his failures in 1 Kings 1–11. In Proverbs, Solomon is remembered as the paragon of wisdom in Israel but is also presented in Ecclesiastes as a pessimistic king describing the limitations of his wisdom. Furthermore, Solomon is used as the picture of an ideal lover in the Song of Songs, but it is his romantic exploits that lead to him becoming an idolater turning away from YHWH. In light of these observations, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the characterization of Solomon in 1 Kings 1–11, 2 Chronicles 1–9, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. In order to examine this, a communicative theory of interpretation that benefits from a theory of characterization from narrative-criticism will be utilized. This hermeneutical tool will help establish the integrity of individual books as acts of communication and demonstrate how characterization is a literary technique utilized by authors to depict a character to be imagined by readers. The finding of this thesis is that Solomon’s characterization is well beyond a single attribute as a wise king or even a two-fold attribute as wise king and temple builder. Instead, he is a paradoxical and ambiguous figure that integrates positive and negative features emerging both from the individual accounts and from the relation of these accounts to one another. The accounts associated with describing Solomon’s reign or those books that have a poetic association share significant themes, but these themes are reframed and re-interpreted as a part of an enduring legacy. By re-evaluating the depiction of Solomon in individual parts or wholes of books, as well as considering the unique contributions of the individual accounts in relation to one another, this thesis demonstrates that the figure of Solomon generates ever fresh elaborations.

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This thesis explores the relationship between the books of Kings and Chronicles and considers the value of having two different versions of the same monarchic history within the Tanak. It furthermore explores how these books are read in relation to one another. To be more specific, its concern is how the book of Chronicles is read in relation to the book of Kings as Chronicles is so often considered to be a later rewritten text drawing upon an earlier version of the Masoretic Text of Kings. The predominant scholarly approach to reading the book of Chronicles is to read it in light of how the text was emended (additions, deletions, etc.). This approach has great value and has furthered our understanding of the theology and purpose of Chronicles. While this thesis fully affirms this diachronic approach to reading Chronicles, it also finds it to be lacking. This said, I suggest that this predominant way of reading Chronicles through the lens of its source (Kings) sometimes misses the theological and rhetorical features of the Chronicler's text. In light of this suggestion, this thesis will answer the following question: “why were two narratives retained in the Tanak and what possible answers to this question might emerge by looking at the similarities and differences in the two narratives' contents, arguments, and theology?” The method by which this question will be addressed is to read the Solomon narratives in the books of Kings and Chronicles in two ways: first, to read each narrative as a whole and independently of one another, and second, to examine each narrative together in an effort to understand their uniqueness. The result of this analysis will show that these narratives can in fact read as whole narratives independent of one another, and furthermore, that Solomon is in fact less idealized (contra popular scholarly opinion) in the book of Chronicles.

Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the issue of bestowing honour to royalty in the Mphaphuli dynasty.The investigation focuses on the origin of the Mphaphuli dynasty. The Chieftainship has been traced right from the beginning when they arrived in South Africa until the current era. According to sources that have been consulted, the chief’s subjects used to respect him/her. Instructions given by the chief used to be carried out in a more positive way than it is in the present era. The socio-economic activities are also covered in the study. It has been shown that chiefs in the Mphaphuli dynasty are no longer getting what they are entitled to. Many subjects no longer find it necessary to participate in traditional activities such as Tshikona and Domba. The money that is supposed to be given to the chief no longer goes to him as it used to be due to modern social and political factors. The study also focuses on the impact of politicians on the status of the Mphaphuli dynasty. The democratic era has brought many changes when it comes to the aspect of the chief’’s authority. The functions of the chief are not clearly defined in the Constitution. By the look of things, some of the chief’s functions have been stripped off. For instance, the Thulamela Municipality has the right to give people residential sites. The chief is not consulted when this is being done. Money collected from buyers of sites goes to the Municipality. Civic associations on the other hand are always at loggerheads with chiefs. The chief’s subjects are sometimes encouraged to defy his commands.The study highlights critical challenges chiefs in the Mphaphili dynasty are facing. It reveals the fact that subjects are confused as to who has the final authority, the chief or the municipality? Things will run smoothly in the dynasty when the chief’s roles are well spelt out in the Constitution