Inaug.-Diss.--Ruprecht-Karl-Universität, Heidelberg. / Bibliography: p. 254-270.

Thesis--Groningen. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Ruprecht-Karl-Universität, Heidelberg. / Bibliography: p. 254-270.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Leiden, 2000. / "Stellingen": [2] p. inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 406-436) and index.

Previously presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Heidelberg, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [359]-389) and index.

Previously presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Heidelberg, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [359]-389) and index.

Cette étude est destinée à la question de l’hygiène aux Indes-Néerlandaises, (Indonésie après l’époque coloniale). Aux périodes étudiées (XIXe-milieu du XXe siècle) ce pays étant administré par les Pays-Bas, cette question sera donc examinée dans son rapport avec le colonialisme. L’hygiène était en effet liée à la politique coloniale qui mettait en avant l’exploitation des ressources naturelles pour l’intérêt économique des colonisateurs. Le médecin joue un rôle important dans la construction de l’impérialisme. D’abord, il assure la santé des Européens – des soldats, des planteurs et des administrateurs coloniaux – sous les tropiques. La santé des Indigènes – qui constituent la main-d’œuvre, et au sein desquels parfois éclate une épidémie qui menace le territoire – attire également son attention. Enfin, en élargissant le sens du mot « santé » à la santé mentale et sociale, le médecin ne traite plus seulement de l’hygiène médicale, voire de l’hygiène corporelle, mais aussi de l’hygiène sociale et culturelle ; il ne s’occupe plus seulement de préserver et d’améliorer la santé du corps, mais aussi de préserver et de protéger la moralité de la société. La lutte contre des facteurs destructeurs sociaux comme l’abus d’alcool, la criminalité, la prostitution, la pornographie et l’homosexualité est menée, car ces fléaux sociaux sont considérés comme un obstacle pour une société qui est en train de construire sa modernité. / This research seeks to elaborate the question of hygiene in the Dutch Indies, former name of Indonesia. The fact that during the period studied this country was a colony of the Netherlands, the subject will be investigated in its relation to colonialism. In the colonial world, hygiene is inevitably related to the colonial politic which emphasizes on the exploitation of natural resources for the economic interest of the colonizer. The well-being of the population and the good health of the workers must then be assured, hence public health programs become significant. Questioning the health issue, this activity could not be dissociated from medicines. The role of physicians as the main actors became important in the construction of colonial state. This is due to several reasons. First, they assured the health of the Europeans – the military members, the planters, and the colonial administrators – in the Tropics. The health of Indigenous people – regarded as the manpower – also drew physicians’ attention, especially when there was an epidemic that threatened the population. Finally, by extending the sense of the word “health” to mental and social health, physicians no longer dealt only with the hygiene of the body, but also the social and cultural hygiene; they do not only engage in the improvement of health, but they also had to preserve and protect the morality of the society. The struggle against the unfavorable elements in the social life like alcohol abuse, criminality, prostitution, pornography and homosexuality was deployed because these elements are considered as a major barrier against the process to construct a modernity society. / Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persoalan higienitas di Hindia-Belanda, negara yang kini bernama Indonesia. Mengingat penelitian ini membahas periode kolonial Belanda, maka persoalan higienitas akan dianalisis dalam hubungannya dengan kolonialisme. Dalam sebuah negara kolonial, persoalan ini tentu saja erat terkait dengan politik kolonial yang selalu mengedepankan praktik eksploitasi sumber alam untuk kepentingan ekonomi penjajah. Itu sebabnya kesehatan penduduk dan tenaga kerja harus dijamin, dan dari situlah program kesehatan masyarakat kemudian muncul. Pembahasan mengenai hal ini tentu saja tidak bisa dilepaskan dari dunia kedokteran, dan oleh karena itu peran dokter menjadi sangat penting dalam pembentukan imperialisme. Terdapat beberapa alasan untuk ini. Pertama, para dokter ini berperan dalam memberi jaminan kesehatan untuk orang-orang Eropa seperti tentara, tuan kebun dan pegawai administrasi kolonial selama mereka tinggal di daerah tropis. Kondisi kesehatan penduduk pribumi juga kemudian menarik perhatian mereka, terutama ketika wabah epidemi menyerang. Ini karena, bagaimana pun, orang pribumi dianggap sebagai sumber tenaga kerja yang sangat penting. Terakhir, dengan memperluas makna “kesehatan” ke ranah kesehatan mental dan sosial, para dokter ini tidak lagi hanya mengurusi soal kesehatan tubuh, tetapi juga sibuk dalam urusan higienitas sosial dan budaya; artinya mereka tidak hanya sibuk mengurusi orang sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga memberi perhatian serius terhadap persoalan moral di dalam masyarakat. Perang terhadap penyalahgunaan alkohol, kriminalitas, pelacuran, pornografi, dan homoseksualitas dicanangkan, sebab “penyakit-penyakit” sosial ini dianggap sebagai penghambat sebuah masyarakat modern.

Originally presented as author's Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Innsbruck, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [345]-263).

Text in Afrikaans / Afrikanisering en universiteitsonderwys: 'n histories-opvoedkundige deurskouing en evaluering In hierdie studie is 'n beskrywing van en verklaring vir die ontstaan, ontwikkeling en betekenis van die begrip afrikanisering gegee. Daar is bevind dat die begrip afrikanisering 'n emosiebelaaide en polities sensitiewe begrip is wat saam met verbandhoudende begrippe soos Afrika-persoonlikheid, Negritude, Afrosentrisme, Ethiopianisme, lokalisering en swartbewussyn 'n ge"integreerde deel vorm van die strewe om nie net politieke onafhanklikheid vir Afrika-kolonies en Afrikane te verkry en te handhaaf nie, maar om hierdie onafhanklikheid ook op sosio-ekonomiese en kulturele gebiede te verseker. Die standpunte van verskeie pleitbesorgers van afrikanisering is ontleed en na aanleiding daarvan is 'n vergelyking tussen vroeere afrikaniseringspogings in Brits Wes-Afrika en die in Suid-Afrika getref. Nadat 'n aantal implikasies van afrikanisering vir Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite aangedui is, is enkele toekomsperspektiewe rakende die afrikanisering van universiteite in Suid-Afrika geformuleer. / Africanisation and university education: an historical-educational explication and evaluation In this study a description of and explanation for the origin, development and meaning of the concept africanisation is given. It can be concluded that the concept africanisation is emotive and politically sensitive and together with related concepts such as African personality, Negritude, Afrocentrism, Ethiopianism, localisation and Black consciousness it forms an integrated part of the aspiration not only to gain and maintain political independence for African colonies and Africans, but also to secure this identity in the socio-economic and cultural fields. The views of various advocates/proponents of africanisation were analysed and based on this analysis a comparison between the earlier africanisation attempts in British West Africa and those in South Africa was drawn. After some implications of africanisation for South African universities were indicated, a number of future perspectives with regard to the africanisation of universities in South Africa were formulated. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

Generic transformation of the castaway novel is made evident by the various ways in which the narrative boundaries that separate fiction from reality and history, the past from the present, and the rational from the irrational, are reconfigured in Umberto Eco’s The Island of the Day Before (1994), J.M. Coetzee’s Foe (1986) and Yann Martel’s Life of Pi (2002). The dissolution of boundaries reflects the dominant shift that has occurred in the castaway novel from the 18th century literary context to the present postmodern, postcolonial context. In this regard, the narrative utilizes various narratological strategies, the most significant being intertextuality, metafiction, historiographical metafiction, allegory, irony, and the carnivalesque. These narratological strategies rewrite, revise, and recontextualize those generic conventions that perpetuated the culture of masculinity and conquest that defines colonialism and the traditional castaway novel epitomized by Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719). From a postcolonial perspective, the castaway’s state of being reflects on the condition of the colonized as well as the colonizer: his/her experience of displacement is similar to colonized peoples’ separation from their cultural, spiritual and personal identities; simultaneously, processes of appropriation, adaptation and control of space resemble colonization, thereby revealing the constructed nature of colonial space. As such, space is fundamental to individual orientation and social adaptation and consequently, metaphorically and metonymically linked to identity. In the selected postmodernist and postcolonial texts, the movement from the position of castaway to colonist as originally manifested in Robinson Crusoe is therefore reinterpreted and recontextualized. The postmodernist and postcolonial contexts resist fixed and one-dimensional representations of identity, as well as the appropriation and domination of space, that characterize shipwreck literature from pre-colonial and colonial periods. Rationalist notions of history, reality and truth as empirically definable concepts are also contested. The castaway identity is often characterized by feelings of physical and spiritual displacement and estrangement that can be paralleled to postmodernist themes of existential confusion and anxiety. / Thesis (PhD (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013