Title: Effect of acid-base equilibria on the association behaviour of polyelec- trolytes Author: Roman Staňo Department: Department of physical and macromolecular chemistry Supervisor: RNDr. Peter Košovan, Ph.D., Department of physical and macro- molecular chemistry Abstract: Macromolecules bearing charged monomeric units are omnipresent in the nature. Living systems utilize complex mechanisms to regulate the charge on biomacromolecules, hence controlling their structure or activity. Recently, there has been a surge in the preparation of bioinspired macromolecular mate- rials, such as drug delivery systems or self-healing hydrogels, possessing a high degree of responsivity to the external stimuli, such as pH. However, the fundamen- tal understanding of pH-based charge regulation in both natural and synthetic systems seems to be lacking, presumably because of the deficiency of suitable theoretical models and computational methods. Herein, we used coarse-grained simulations to shed light on the underyling physical principles of the relation between the pH, ionization, multivalency and structure of macromolecules. We presented a novel model of complex coacervates, and used it to describe phase equilibria and ion partitioning in such systems. Next, we explored the effects of multivalent ions and charged...

The diploma thesis concerns observing the health conditions of pea plants. The experiments were established in 2016–2017 in cooperation with AGRITEC, research, breeding and services, s.r.o. company in Šumperk. There were 9 varieties and 3 lines selected for the experimentations. The observation for each experiment was divided into two timing terms. The resistance to pea powdery mildew caused by pathogen Eryshipe pisi, was observed in greenhouse conditions. The highest level of resistance occurred line 1109/13 and variety FRANKLIN. The lowest level of resistance had variety ARVIKA. However this variety also occured to have the highest level of resistance in laboratory tests to resistance to Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The pathogens causing the complex of root rot and black stem deseases were observed in conditions of infectious field. Variety ATLAS was infected the least.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT We present new results of structural and magnetic (AMS) analyses of selected dikes of melasyenite, quartz melasyenite to melagranite porphyries accompanied by lamprophyres (minettes). The studied dike from the locality Nihošovice were dated by U-Pb method on zircons at 338 Ma. The asymmetric structural pattern of the studied dikes gives an excellent evidence for their emplacement and orientation of magmatic flow. The studied dikes were emplaced into: (i) Prevailing parts of the Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex (locality Malčice) and (ii) host high-grade metamorphic rocks of western part of the Moldanubian Zone (locality Nihošovice). Despite of the extensive area of occurrence, compositional variations and age of emplacement of these dikes are relatively narrow. Their geochemical and petrological compositions broadly correspond to ultrapotassic plutonic rocks (durbachites). The dikes are steeply dipping in trend ~NNW-SSE to ~W-E, with range in width between ~20 and ~25 meters. In general, our results show: (i) A relatively low degree of magnetic anisotropy (P= 1.012 - 1.152); (ii) Mostly oblate (planar) fabric, especially in marginal parts of the intrusive bodies (T= -0.091 - 0.941); (iii) Evidence for subhorizontal magmatic flow trajectory defined for a newtonian magma with typical...

5 Abstract Products of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays key role in immune system of vertebrates. Prior studies on different vertebrate species show, that heterozygosity in MHC genes is linked to more efficient immune system and preferred in mate choice. Results of human studies are ambivalent, which can be due to the effect of some modulating factors like reproductive status. Therefore, our aim was to test heterozygosity related preferences in faces, odor and voice across menstrual cycle. Our sample consisted of 51 men and 52 women, from which 23 used hormonal contraception and 29 had natural cycle. They were genotyped in -A, -B and -DR alleles. All odor stimuli, face photos and voice records were rated on seven-point scale in both follicular and luteal phase. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the analysis. Changes in ratings across the menstrual cycle and heterozygosity were most discernible on voice ratings. Voices of homozygous males were rated more attractive than voices of heterozygous males especially in follicular phase. Similar shift to higher ratings in follicular phase was manifested in ratings of homozygous male faces, but the difference between homozygous males and heterozygous males was not significant. Women with natural cycle also rated voices higher in their follicular phase...

Electronic excitation triggered by the absorption of light enables numerous chemical, physical and biological processes and transformations. Accordingly, full control over the processes involving excited molecules requires an in-depth knowledge of electronic UV/vis spectra and potential energy surfaces. Unsurprisingly, most electronic spectra are acquired in the condensed phase in which molecules are dissolved and most transformations occur. However, our knowledge of excitation, transformations and processes at the level of isolated molecules is still limited, partly because such studies require unconventional experimental approaches and equipment. This Thesis describes experimental methods for recording electronic spectra of isolated molecules in the gas phase by ion spectroscopy, which combines mass spectrometry with optical spectroscopy. Using these methods, experimental factors which affect the electronic excitation and therefore the electronic spectra of ions were determined and evaluated for various fluorescent xanthene dyes, iron-containing complexes and molecular pho- toswitches. Furthermore, factors which govern photochemical processes, such as photo- oxidation, photoreduction and photoisomerization, were also analyzed in detail, with surprisingly different outcomes from previous studies...

Krkonose-Jizera plutonic complex is one of the largest composite plutonic bodies in the Czech massif. The emplacement of this pluton relates to the origin of the structural and thermal aureole. The processes of contact metamorphism are most evident in the northern and southern part. The topic of this work is to find influence of the contact metamorphism in the host rocks. Partial information about contact metamorphism in this area could be found in several papers, but there aren't work which discuss this topic in detail. Goal of this work is to make complex interpretation of contact metamorphic processes connected with intrusion of the Krkonose-Jizera plutonic complex and use this interpretation for discussion about model of magma intrusion. In rocks of contact aureole of Krkonose-Jizera plutonic complex (KJPC) were identified relicts of Variscan regional metamorphism, connected to creation of regional metamorphic fabric S1 and S2. Original mineral associations and deformation fabrics were in near-contact zone of KJPC 1 km in average in width heterogeneously overprinted by effects of the contact metamorphism, which intensity increases towards the intrusive contact. In the mineral associations of contact-metamorphic rocks appears characteristic minerals such as cordierite and andalusite, rarely...

With the wide spread of wireless technology, the time for 4G has arrived, and 5G will appear not so far in the future. However, no matter whether it is 4G or 5G, low latency is a mandatory requirement for baseband processing at base stations for modern cellular standards. In particular, in a future 5G wireless system, with massive MIMO and ultra-dense cells, the demand for low round trip latency between the mobile device and the base station requires a baseband processing delay of 1 ms. This is 10 percentage of today’s LTE-A round trip latency, while at the same time massive MIMO requires large-scale matrix computations. This is especially true for channel estimation and MIMO detection at the base station. Therefore, it is essential to ensure low latency for the user data traffic. In this master’s thesis, LTE/LTE-A uplink physical layer processing is examined, especially the process of channel estimation and MIMO detection. In order to analyze this processing we compare two conventional algorithms’ performance and complexity for channel estimation and MIMO detection. The key aspect which affects the algorithms’ speed is identified as the need for “massive complex matrix inversion”. A parallel coding scheme is proposed to implement a matrix inversion kernel algorithm on a single instruction multiple data stream (SIMD) vector processor. The major contribution of this thesis is implementation and evaluation of a parallel massive complex matrix inversion algorithm. Two aspects have been addressed: the selection of the algorithm to perform this matrix computation and the implementation of a highly parallel version of this algorithm. / Med den breda spridningen av trådlös teknik, har tiden för 4G kommit, och 5G kommer inom en överskådlig framtid. Men oavsett om det gäller 4G eller 5G, låg latens är ett obligatoriskt krav för basbandsbehandling vid basstationer för moderna mobila standarder. I synnerhet i ett framtida trådlöst 5G-system, med massiva MIMO och ultratäta celler, behövs en basbandsbehandling fördröjning på 1 ms för att klara efterfrågan på en låg rundresa latens mellan den mobila enheten och basstationen. Detta är 10 procent av dagens LTE-E rundresa latens, medan massiva MIMO samtidigt kräver storskaliga matrisberäkningar. Detta är särskilt viktigt för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion vid basstationen. Därför är det viktigt att se till att det är låg latens för användardatatrafik. I detta examensarbete, skall LTE/LTE-A upplänk fysiska lagret bearbetning undersökas, och då särskilt processen för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion. För att analysera denna processing jämför vi två konventionella algoritmers prestationer och komplexitet för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion. Den viktigaste aspekten som påverkar algoritmernas hastighet identifieras som behovet av "massiva komplex matrisinversion". Ett parallellt kodningsschema föreslås för att implementera en "matrisinversion kernel-algoritmen" på singelinstruktion multidataström (SIMD) vektorprocessor. Det största bidraget med denna avhandling är genomförande och utvärdering av en parallell massiva komplex matrisinversion kernel-algoritmen. Två aspekter har tagits upp: valet av algoritm för att utföra denna matrisberäkning och implementationen av en högst parallell version av denna algoritm.

Title: Effect of acid-base equilibria on the association behaviour of polyelec- trolytes Author: Roman Staňo Department: Department of physical and macromolecular chemistry Supervisor: RNDr. Peter Košovan, Ph.D., Department of physical and macro- molecular chemistry Abstract: Macromolecules bearing charged monomeric units are omnipresent in the nature. Living systems utilize complex mechanisms to regulate the charge on biomacromolecules, hence controlling their structure or activity. Recently, there has been a surge in the preparation of bioinspired macromolecular mate- rials, such as drug delivery systems or self-healing hydrogels, possessing a high degree of responsivity to the external stimuli, such as pH. However, the fundamen- tal understanding of pH-based charge regulation in both natural and synthetic systems seems to be lacking, presumably because of the deficiency of suitable theoretical models and computational methods. Herein, we used coarse-grained simulations to shed light on the underyling physical principles of the relation between the pH, ionization, multivalency and structure of macromolecules. We presented a novel model of complex coacervates, and used it to describe phase equilibria and ion partitioning in such systems. Next, we explored the effects of multivalent ions and charged...

Photosynthetic water oxidation to yield the oxygen of the atmosphere is of paramount biological and also technical relevance, in the light of decreasing fossil fuel reserves. The splitting of water into hydrogen (on carriers) and oxygen takes place in a multimeric protein called Photosystem II (PSII). The rigorous understanding of nature´s solution for this thermodynamically and mechanistically highly demanding reaction is one approach towards the construction of an artificial hydrogen technology under exploitation of almost unlimited energy sources, sunlight and an ubiquitous substrate, water. This thesis aims at two aspects: (i) Electron and proton transferring amino acids and (ii) so far undetected chemical intermediates between water and O2(i) D1-Glu189 has been claimed to be involved (a) in the proton conducting network around the Mn4Ca-cluster and (b) as a direct ligand to Mn. We exchanged the negative Glu against the positive Arg or Lys or the neutral Glu without any effect on the relaxation times (ns-ms) of the various electron transfers in PSII. Our data exclude these postulated roles of D1-Glu189 and qualify a recently published structural model.(ii) Dioxygen is produced in what seems to be a single reaction step, although it involves the transfer of four electrons from bound water to the fourfold oxidised catalytic centre. No chemical intermediate (e.g. peroxide) has been detected by high resolving optical and magnetical spectroscopy. To overcome the detection problem of short lived intermediates we pushed the process backward by elevated oxygen pressure and found the first evidence for such an intermediate. The astonishing half suppression of oxygen evolution at only 2.3 bar O2 emphasised the small driving force of this important reaction. PSII operates at the energetic limits; this is why the atmospheric oxygen level cannot be pushed much above the present level.

The aim of the present paper is to answer the question on how do regional powers shape the security environment within their regional subcomplex? The research interest is conditioned by the rise of powers that represent strong actors, especially in regional affairs, and which certainly influence dynamics within their region. It has been assumed that the manifestation of power at the regional level can also be transferred, to the global level leading to an elevated position of these actors in global affairs, allowing equally for the existing Western-led order to be challenged. These assumptions have been applied and tested on the example of the regional powers Russia, Turkey and Iran and their respective influence on the security dynamics in the South Caucasus as their historically common shared neighbourhood. In order to disentangle the complicated web of relationships and influential factors, the descriptive framework of the Theory of Regional Security Complexes as suggested by Barry Buzan has been outlined and applied. Based on these theoretical observations the attention has been further turned towards the empirical testing of the hypothesis which states that Russia, Turkey and Iran have exercised influence during the second Nagorno-Karabakh War 2020 that occurred between Armenia and Azerbaijan...