The subject of this thesis is construction of the narrow gauge in district Jindřichův Hradec, specifically line J.Hradec-N.Bystřice, and its impact on near landscape. In the first part I specify by using literary sources the period during which the railways were built, the importance of these buildings and the history of narrow-gauge tracks. Next point is the analysis of concrete railroad J.Hradec-N.Bystřice, its history and influence of the surrounding originally agrarian landscape. These theoretical information along with detailed field survey and photohraphs are then used in the practical part in which the track is divided and mapped by individual sections.

This diploma thesis is based on a project emphasizing the land art principle that creates an illusion and intervenes thus into space on grounds of a historical event or an object missing in a certain area. The practical part consists of seven land art schemes with an introduction of the concept itself and the last key concept is in addition realized on Vitkov Hill. The overall design of Vitkov area suggests park changes and ground shaping of the park itself that is also supplemented by land art enhancing historical aspects of the place. The concept focuses mainly on an oversized asphalt lane that is nowadays, with its flat shape, considered as the top of such prominent hill, the real peak is therefore missing. Having said that, the project attempts to restore its natural and imperfect appearance of the complex. Furthermore, the scorched pathway becomes due to summer season an unfriendly place to stay. As a result, the project provides a solution in form of a return to a slightly narrowed sunken lane placed under the ground level and paved with stones. Alongside the main holloway there are sand pathways for walkers and a running track so far spontaneously created in the lawn by passing runners. Asphalt lane therefore stays only one, designated especially for inline skaters. Around the aforementioned routes there are suggested both elevated and deepened spots that offer even more magnificent view. All proposed terrain changes are supposed to evoke a false impression that Vitkov hill has never been flattened, as it in present day, and one is a mere visitor passing through paths that allow visitors to embrace sense of reaching the top. Despite the fact that Vitkov hill monument is a public area having its indisputable significance, it seems to be often forgotten. Apart from the recreational purposes of the park, this green hill is also a prominent feature in Prague´s city views and, last but not least, a memorial of one of the most important battles related to the Czech history. This land art project has been involved into International Landscape Festival 2018 held in Prague and foreshadows thus the event from early stages. The project then becomes a real work of art placed in public area with an intention to accentuate the suffering in the historical battle as a painful event that should be remembered by the nation. Simultaneously, it points out at a missing tree that symbolizes ephemerality of values. Land art thus emphasizes an abstract image of growing Lilacs and Acacia trees standing against each other in the battlefield as the soldiers in Vitkov or from the present day point of view, Karlín and Žižkov. Defeated Acacia trees epitomize Crusaders fleeting away from victorious Hussites (Lilacs) down the Karlín Hill and the only thing that remains is only one fallen soldier (Accia tree) and a lot of pikes sunken in the ground. Other land art projects have much in common. For instance, they are located in cities and their surroundings known well by the author. Apart from visible aspects, they lay emphasis especially on inner connectedness expressed through an illusion. A passerby should be able to notice that there is an imperfection, in particular area, he has not spotted before. He therefore intentionally finds himself in a position where he should open his fantasy because the place is speaking to him through shades and silhouettes of an absent reality. This thesis also demonstrates how popular initiative can change the city and bring interesting ideas as in case of High Line in New York. Lastly, land art literary research provides insight not just into land art as artistic movement but also as a feature in public area commonly discussed due to its inappropriate composition. The diploma thesis focuses mainly on Czech authors.

Diploma thesis deals with landscape evaluation of river Vltava on its lower stream in area between Roztoky and Mělník. The theoretical part is focused on definitions of terms associated with watercourse and landscape of river floodplain. This part is describing function of river floodplain, human effect on landscape, shows the issues which are presented in landscape and describe ways of using landscape. Further it is deals with understanding of landscape, pattern of river landscape in art,characterizes the ideal state and negatively affected state of flux and provides approaches to the formation of river alluvium. In the practical part are defined the boundaries of area and done a detail analysis of natural conditions, the historical development and exploitation of river flow at first. The part of project was a creation of method useful for evaluations landscape. Based on in situ examination, area was divided into separate categories according visual quality of environment (landscape). The framework recommendations were created for each area categories and it should lead to conservation and protection the values of the landscape or improve its state. The detailed analysis of landscape evolution in terms of size and shape of areas and land cover was performed with use of historical maps. Thereafter the most affected area by human activity with the worst evaluation was chosen. For this chosen area were developed other analyzes as a base for suggestion of the solution. Due to intensive use of river landscape the concept solution is focused on improve permeability, the habitability and landscape restoration of landscape structures.

This thesis deals with scattered vegetation in traditionally exploited agricultural landscape focused on the historical context of their origin and formation. First, it is a literary review elucidated the concept of sparse vegetation with emphasis on its function and effect on the landscape. Also disclosed are other types of land and vegetation, which are important for the landscape and are part of the mold or the occurrence of diffused green. The next part is to precisely defined model area, studied the historical development of the green and the facts found are compared with its current state. Based on these findings, we conducted a detailed assessment of historical forms scattered vegetation that was done by field survey. The thesis describes the main problems of the current situation, its causes, and to follow them proposes appropriate silvicultural measures that are necessary for their recovery. Part of this work also includes the design of management measures which are necessary for further maintenance and development of these stands.

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