Z. Kučera: Principy a problémy geografického studia krajiny 6 Abstrakt Principy a problémy geografického studia krajiny Krajina je jedním z klíčových geografických konceptů. Nicméně její definici nelze považovat za zcela ujasněnou a stává se proto předmětem diskuze. Současný geografický výzkum krajiny je výrazněji rozdělený mezi humánní a fyzickou geografii, resp. přesněji kulturní geografii a krajinnou ekologii. Obě tyto disciplíny se dnes v geografii rozvíjejí, byť třeba v odlišných geografických a oborových kontextech. V otázce definice krajiny však spolu velmi málo komunikují. V posledních desetiletích se krajina navíc stala vedle geografie součástí výzkumného zaměření mnoha dalších vědeckých oborů. Což je vývoj, který k vyjasněnosti její definice příliš nepřispívá. V práci je diskutována role geografie ve výzkumu krajiny, jsou srovnávána různá pojetí krajiny v geografii a učiněn pokus o formulaci souhrnné definice krajiny. Nakolik se diskutované přístupy doplňují či rozcházejí? Jsou neslučitelné, nebo je možné vymezit jednu geografickou disciplínu zvanou "geografie krajiny"? Abstract Principles and problems of the geographic study of landscape Landscape is one of the core geographic concepts. However, its definition can not be regarded as absolutely clear. Thus it is the subject of discussions....

The interpretation is a current issue in the Czech Republic, thanks to the growing importance of tourism and announced and ongoing European subsidies concerning this issue. Furthermore, it also offers a wide variety of forms that are becoming very popular and desired among people nowadays which helps this field to develop. The diploma thesis on the topic of interpretation of the values of the landscape suggests various forms of interpretation of the area of Valašské Meziříčí and its surroundings that lead to maintaining and supporting the identified values of the landscape. The aim of this thesis can be divided into the realization of the assessment of the landscape on which the identification of the values of conflicts and issues of the area is based then, and the last part is the design of the adaptation of architecture and landscape according to these values. Furthermore, authors personal aim was to create a new way of interpretation. The author deals with the results in four stages a detailed summary of the area with a large number of his own analyses, a suggestion for the care of landscape regarding the sustainable development of the landscape, suggestions for the design of four chosen areas to improve the quality of public areas and a suggestion for the interpretation that would improve the attractiveness of the area and regional patriotism. The whole design works together harmoniously in order to interpret the area. The diploma thesis shows how proven and new ways can be used to interpret the landscape of the Czech Republic. The added value is also the possibility of using this work as a case study for the developing field of interpretation.

Ph.D. thesis describes evolution of the Cultural Landcape Lednice Valtice, Czech Republic (UNESCO World Heritage Site), with special focus on artistic, architectural, garden and landscape values. These facts are compared with evolution in Europe. The main topic is designed landscape and search for its meaning. A few new facts which might lead to future important discoveries were uncovered during the research process. These new facts call for deeper subsequent research, especially in the field of archaeology and archive studies. Virtual reconstruction of the main compositional parts of Lednice Valtice cultural landscape, which are not preserved to these days, demonstrates by the means of visualisations and animation these historical footprints in the landscape. This digital imagery helps to describe evolution phases of historical gardens and landscape which is nowadays very helpful for conservational purposes.

The thesis „The status and perspectives of post-industrial sites“ with the sub-title „Recycling of degraded landscapes“ deals with the research of post-industrial objects, areas, sites and landscape and possibilities for their further utilization. This thesis focuses on brownfield classification and subsequent definition of criteria that are significant for choice of acceptable conversion of post-industrial areas with emphasis on use of landscape architecture as the main field of study applied in the work of selected conversions. For the purpose of categorization and searching for forms of transformations, the author chooses and draws up a catalogue of 61 executed conversions located in the old industrial areas in Germany, afterwards defines a set of general recommendations for post-industrial areas development, or post-industrial landscape development; the main benefits, which these specific landscapes bring or may bring to us (both at the level of cultural and historical values, recreational potential, psychogeographic importance and the economic possibilities), also defining risks of post-industrial areas (specification of their urgency and finding ways to elimination) and subsequently verifies these conclusions on a basis of own project conversions of post-industrial areas, which enables final explicit extraction of knowledge into the resulting recommendations. Special attention is paid to post-industrial vegetation, in the thesis there are defined four possible approaches to its integration into urban ecosystem (retaining, adjustment, complementation and negation). Further high attention is paid to classification and possibilities of railway brownfield conversions, classification and possibilities of dumps (spoil banks) conversions and classification and possibilities of large industrial areas conversions. The final set of strategies for post-industrial landscapes conversion comprises 6 articles: (1) Ensuring and conservation of valuable industrial buildings and other post-industrial landscape elements; (2) Interconnection of areas with natural surroundings and urban ecosystem and support of permeability in post-industrial landscapes; (3) Renaturation, solving of contamination and pollution problems; (4) Area improvement, attractors and post-industrial significant signs selection and their protection and development; (5) Creation of a full-area concept for a development of an area or a region; (6) Medialization support and awareness of post-industrial landscape revitalization possibilities. The aim of this thesis is to help to save industrial heritage of certain areas and to outline the ways of searching for new meaningful utilization of post-industrial areas.

The aim of the thesis is to propose a methodical approach that would include aspects of visual landscape assessment, emphasis on historical and perceptual values of the area and was applicable in the EIA process. The aim is the applicability of the proposed methodology in the assessment of new projects by the management of heritage care, especially in the process of environmental impact assessment (where the management of heritage care is concerned by the state administration body concerned), but also in other proceedings. The procedure should not replace subjective assessment or landscape survey, but create objective evidence for the decision and serve to negotiate between the investor and the state administration bodies concerned. The procedure should use geographic information systems, including current data bases and functionalities.

The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the sustainable development of the country-side. It concentrates on current problems of agricultural landscape in the Czech republic and mentions the requirements of the European Landscape Convention. The work defines the values and problems in the territory of Sobůlky and on the out-skirts of Kyjov. It designs its development together with the support of preserved values and characteristic features of this landscape. Based on previous analyses, terrain research, regional plans and interviews with the resi-dents, the problems of the territory were outlined. Consequently, they were considered as to their importance and the essential ones were further dealt with in the design. The thesis presents ideas and measures to be taken for the improvement of the current state. The most important issues dealt with are: lower threat of soil loss caused by water erosion in vast areas of intensively exploited arable land, improving water regime, im-proving landscape accessibility and ensuring higher presence of landscape greenery. The outcome of the thesis is the design presenting changes and measures to be taken for the purpose of dealing with the current problems of the local landscape. At the same time it raises the ecological value of the territory and preserves its identity by appropria-te selection of landscape features.

The thesis covers changes in the countryside in the period from the end of World War II to the present time. Literary research focuses on the landscape itself, its understanding in the narrower and broader meaning. Main part of work is concentrated on the changes that the landscape has undergone in 70-year-long period. Furthermore, it identifies the specific changes in the landscape, cultural, demographic and historical development in the selected locality of the Moravian-Slovak frontier. The comparative method of both localities, were used in the practical part. SWOT analysis, questionnaire survey and semi-standardized interviews helped to clarify the differences between the two nations. The results show that there is increase in the forest area by 34 % on the Czech side of borders, whereas the Slovak side faced significant decrease of arable land by 65 % and increase of TTP by 30 %. The changes in the landscape manifested itself on both sides. The main factor behind these changes is different orientation in farming in both countries, especially after the Velvet Revolution.

This final thesis is focused on transformation of landscape in Czech-Polish border region over the past 65 years. In the first theoretical part the landscape and its perception is described, then the information related to border region and also historical development of Czech-Polish border region are mentioned. For this thesis I have chosen localities on both sides of borders, specifically the mikroregion Východní Krkonoše on the Czech side and mikroregion Lubawka on the Polish side. Main aim of this thesis is to compare and to evaluate the utilisation of areas of interests not only from economical point of view. The characteristic of locations is focused on physical geographic, historical and cultural quetions. The questionnaire form was used for the investiation. The questionnaire was targeted at border residents and theirs perception of landscape and Polish neighbors. Also the SWOT analysis was used to demonstrate positive and negative factors influencing both examined areas. And semi-standardized interviews with local witnesses were used to clarify some facts and historical events and to understand of historical context. The results prove that the lanscape of the Czech-Polish border region has changed over the past 65 years.

This theses deals with the changes of Svitava river in Brno, historical developments near the river, influence of river to urban developments of the Brno suburbs, current state of river and its surrounding and its use and the integration of the river into the urban landscape. It also proposes theoretical changes near the river that would improve its use and integration.

Tato práce zkoumá orientální krajiny ve francouzském cestopise 19. století. Autorka vnímá cestopis jako svébytný literární žánr a hlásí se k topologické a tematologické kritice, motiv krajiny v literárním textu definuje v souladu se školou A. Rogera jako gesto umělého a cíleného výběru submotivů. 19. století znamenalo ve francouzské próze obrodu a uměleckou emancipaci cestopisného žánru, přičemž cesty do Orientu se historicky i kulturně staly pilířem tohoto procesu. S vývojem cestopisu v daném období jsou spjaty významné modifikace identity mluvčích, kteří v textu prezentují krajinu. První část práce analyzuje tento proces, díky němuž se extratextuální entita autora člení na historicko-biografickou identitu autora- turisty a autora-umělce, jenž s sebou nese předchozí intelektuální zkušenost a prekonstituované obrazy Orientu. Intratextuální entita vypravěče se pak rozdvojuje na cestovatele a vypravěče, přičemž první mluvčí zprostředkovává "zážitky z cest", vytváří autenticitu cestopisu, zatímco vypravěč je nadstavbovým mluvčím, jenž na základě vjemů cestovatele interpretuje krajinu, dodává jí intertextuální kontext a modifikuje časové linie cesty zapojením paměti. Studie jednotlivých cestopisných textů ve druhé části práce ukazuje, jak se v průběhu 19. století motiv orientální krajiny sémanticky i...