(in English): The aim of this thesis is to introduce the theme of the Canary emigration to Cuba in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. For better orientation, the author has chosen time interface between the years 1860-1914. The introduction outlines the sources and secondary literature, from which the author draws and also supposed goal of work. The second chapter is devoted to the Canarian emigration from Columbus's expeditions to the first half of the nineteenth century and its gradual development. The third chapter describes the specific reasons that led to the emigration from the Canary Islands, the attention is focused on the travel conditions of immigrants, employment contracts and promotion. The fourth chapter has been devoted specifically Canarian immigrants and their impact on Cuba, including labor stratification. The fifth chapter focuses on emigration to the turn of the century, there is a special attention is paid to the topic canary societies and associations. The conclusion summarizes the achieved knowledges and changes of this emigration.

Wirtschaftliche Prozesse sind in Zeiten der Globalisierung zunehmend komplexer. Immer mehr Akteure sind an der Erstellung eines Produktes von der Konzeption bis zur Konsumption durch die Verbraucher beteiligt. Innovationen im Bereich von I&K-Technologien oder im Verkehr, sinkende Transport- und Transaktionskosten sowie organisatorische Neuerungen ermöglichen eine räumliche Trennung einzelner Produktionsschritte der Wertschöpfungskette. Es entstehen Unternehmensnetzwerke, die nicht auf räumlicher, sondern organisatorischer Nähe basieren. Die Verflechtungen zwischen den Akteuren können in Wertschöpfungsketten abgebildet werden. Allgemeine Betrachtungen zu Wertschöpfungsketten, Modelle zu Warenketten und zum politisch-ökonomischen Zusammenhang in der Nahrungsmittelproduktion bilden die theoretische Grundlage dieser Arbeit. In Kuba haben sich die Produktions- und Warenketten vor dem Hintergrund der binnen- und außenwirtschaftlichen Krise in den Jahren 1989/90 stark verändert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden ausgehend von den Entwicklungen in der Lebensmittelwirtschaft Kubas, die Verflechtungen zwischen den Akteuren des Agrarsektors, der Lebensmittelindustrie und des Einzelhandels untersucht. Die empirische Analyse umfasste darüber hinaus Betrachtungen zu den Transport- und Distributionsvorgänge innerhalb der Warenketten, den Macht- und Kontrolleinflüssen einzelner Akteure und zu den räumlichen Strukturen. Durch die qualitative Untersuchung konnten im Ergebnis fünf verschiedene Typen von Produktions- und Warenketten festgestellt werden. Die erste Gruppe repräsentiert industrielle Warenketten, die für den rationierten Einzelhandel produzieren. Die zweite Gruppe umfasst die industriellen Warenketten, die auf das Devisensegment orientiert sind. Die dritte Gruppe bildet jene Warenketten ab, bei denen das Segment der industriellen Produktion fehlt. Sie sind auf die direkte Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit frischen Agrarprodukten ausgerichtet. Gerade die Produktions- und Warenketten der dritten Gruppe stellen eine besondere Form dar. Wefen der ökonomischen Krise und den Transportschwierigkeiten in Kuba haben sich seit 1994 lokale Wirtschaftskreisläufe herausgebildet. Sie stellen die kürzesten Produktions- und Warenketten der Insel dar. / In times of globalisation economic processes become increasingly complex. More and more actors are involved in the production - starting at the design and ending at the consumption - of a product. Innovation in Information and Communication Technology or transport, decreasing transportation and transaction costs as well as process innovations facilitate a spatial separation of individual production steps of the value-added chains in different locations. Therefore new business networks develop which are not based spatial, but organisational proximity. Connections between the different actors can be shown in value-added chains. The theoretical frame for this dissertation are general approaches on value-added chains, models for commodity chains and political-economic relations in food industry. In Cuba commodity chains have changed radically due to the interior and exterior economic crisis in 1989/90. This work, based on the development of the Cuban food industry, studies the material and immaterial connections between the actors of the agricultural sector, food industry and retail trade. The empirical analysis also includes observations on transport and distribution processes within commodity chains, power and control impact by specific economic and institutional actors and spatial structures of commodity chains. Through the qualitative analysis, using the example of the tomato, five different types of commodity chains were identified. The first group represents industrial commodity chains, which produce for the state rationed retail trade. The second group includes industrial commodity chains, which focus on the currency segment. The third group sums up those commodity chains which lack the industrial segment. They focus on the population’s direct supply with fresh agricultural products. Especially the third group’s commodity chains represent a special type. Due to the economic crisis and the connected transportation problems, local economic cycles evolved in Cuba since 1994. Opposite to the industrial commodity chains they represent the shortest commodity chains on the island and therefore differ from the first and second group of commodity chains.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur samma historiska händelse kan ha olika betydelser i film. Idag är människor mer benägna att se en film om en historisk händelse än att läsa en historiebok, och detta innebär att vi måste lära oss att förstå de konventioner som används för att placera historia på film. Historiefilmen kan sägas besitta en palimpsestisk historiskt medvetenhet där lager av fakta och myt smälter samman, hellre än att skiljas åt. Men för att en historisk händelse ska passa in i filmens tidsram måste den bearbetas och detta resulterar i att vissa människor, händelser och rörelser prioriteras, medan andra utesluts. Därför undersöker denna uppsats vad som lagts till / uteslutits och effekterna på sammanhanget och trovärdighet, hur filmen hävdar sin autenticitet, och hur upphovsmannen påverkar trovärdigheten. Analysresultaten av två filmer om den kubanska revolutionen, visar att beroende på vilken del av den historisk händelsen som skildras, skapar filmerna helt olika berättelser med olika budskap. Medan filmen Che-Argentinaren (2008) fungerar som en hyllning av gerillanledaren Che Guevara som Kubas frälsare, visar en vänsterideologi och uttrycker USA förakt, skildrar däremot den andra filmen The Lost City (2005) revolutionens baksida. Den visar en högerideologi, familjevärderingar och USA som frihetens och drömmarnas land. Båda filmerna använder sig av liknande stilistiska strategier för att uppnå illusionen av autenticitet, och filmernas upphovsmän påverkar filmernas trovärdighet i olika grad. Vad jag i uppsatsen till sist menar är att historiefilmen inte bör tas som sanning, utan har en viktig roll som intresseväckare, som förhoppningsvis leder till att åskådaren blir intresserad av att söka sig mer kunskap. / This paper examines how the same historical event can have different meanings in films. Today people are more likely to watch a film about a historical event than to read a history book, and this means that we must learn and understand the conventions used to place history on film. The history film can be said to possess a palimpsetic historical consciousness in which layers of fact and myth come together rather than be separated. But for a historical event to fit within the film's time frame, it must be processed and this results in that certain people, events and movements are given priority, while others are excluded. Therefore, this paper studies what has been added/excluded and the effects on the context and credibility,how the film claims its authenticity, and how the author/filmmakers affects the credibility. The results of the analysis of two films about the Cuban revolution, shows that depending on which part of the historical event depicted, the films create entirely different stories with very different message. While the film Che-Part One (2008) serves as a celebration of the guerrilla fighter Che Guevara as Cuba's savior, according to a leftist ideology and the film is expressing U.S. disdain, the other film The Lost City (2005) however, portrays the revolutions backside, it shows a right-wing ideology, family values and the U.S. as the land of freedom and dreams. Both films use similar stylistic strategies to achieve illusion of authenticity, and the films' creators affect the films credibility in different amounts. What I finally conclude, is that the history film should not be considered as truth, but serve to arouse interest, which will hopefully lead the spectator to seek more knowledge about the historical event.

The work studies a very specific period of the Czech-Cuban relations: the period of World War II and the Czechoslovakian refugees in Havana. For its creation, materials from two archives were used: the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, the so-called "London Archive" which keeps the documentation of the Czechoslovak government in exile, and the National Archive of Cuba. In the first half of the 20th century, Cuba was not for the Czech society a distant country on the other side of the world. It was its partner and competitor on the world sugar market, and the echoes of Cuban independence were still fresh in its memory. The young Czechoslovak republic was looking for markets for its industrial and consumer products, while Cuban exports generally did not exceed a few dozen tons of unroasted coffee. In the inter-war period, some 20 Czechs and Slovaks were living in Cuba. The Munich Treaty, the occupation and then the application of the Nuremberg Laws created an atmosphere of suffocation and drastically reduced the living space for the Jewish population in the occupied territory of Czechoslovakia. Many decided to leave their homeland, but the world around them was unwilling to receive larger numbers of Jewish refugees. The original idea of getting to a safe place beyond...

1 Abstract A Group of revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro has been struggling to overthrow the Cuban President Fulgencio Batista since the half of 1950s. After they succeeded on New Year's Eve 1959 the Revolutionary Cuban Government changed strategy in all aspects of the state administration. One of the most visible change happened in the sector of foreign policy. Cuba began to act not only as a sovereign country in relation to the neighbouring states which led to the conflict with the United States, but also began to actively export her model of revolution. The main initiators in this turn were Ernesto "Che" Guevara and Fidel Castro. The first region where Havana attempted to export the revolution was Latin America. Nevertheless, all attempts failed during 1960s. At the same time, the process of decolonisation in Africa visited by Guevara in the middle of 1959 was in progress. In Egypt, he established his first contacts with revolutionary leaders and subsequently informed Havana about the situation. The socialist character of a number of revolutionary movements was close to Cubans, so they started to widen relationship with them. First aid to Africa was sent by Cuban government at the end of 1961 to Algeria which fought for independence on France since 1954. Strengthening of relations between Havana and...

The aim of this study is to describe two strategies of professional teacher development in Cuba and analyse how they affect the professional growth of the teachers. The strategies investigated are methodological work sessions and further education at the university. Eight upper-secondary school teachers were interviewed and it was analysed how their professional growth was affected by the Cuban professional development strategies. The model utilized was the interconnected model of professional growth (Clarke & Hollingsworth, 2002).The results show that, four of the eight interviewed teachers experienced change sequences and growth networks as a consequence of participating in the two investigated strategies. The methodological work sessions promote a collaborative approach among the teachers to developing the education in their school. Further education in the university, on the other hand, encourages the teachers to reflect individually on practical school-related problems. The results indicate that the organization of the work both the professional development strategies provided acted as an incentive for the interviewed teachers’ development. / Målet med den här studien är att beskriva två lärarutvecklingsstrategier i Kuba och analysera hur de påverkar lärarnas professionella utveckling. De undersökta strategierna är metodologiska arbetsmöten och vidareutbildning vid universitet. Åtta gymnasielärare intervjuades och det analyserades hur deras professionella utveckling påverkats av de kubanska lärarutvecklingsstrategierna. Modellen som använts är the interconnected model of professional growth (Clarke & Hollingsworth, 2002).Resultaten visar att de metodologiska arbetsmötena uppmuntrar lärarna att arbeta kollektivt med att utveckla utbildningen i sin skola. Universitetsvidareutbildning, vad andra sidan, främjar individuell reflektion över praktiska skolrelaterade problem. Resultatet indikerar att den organisation av arbetet som båda lärarutvecklingsstrategierna medför stimulerar lärarna att utvecklas.

The thesis deals with the U.S. foreign policy towards Cuba in the years 1958-1965. It analyses sources of U.S.-Cuban hostility at the beginning of the Fidel Castro era. It shows, how the U.S. foreign policy and the beginning of Cold war contributed to polarization as well as radicalization of politics in Cuba. Thus, it analyses the change of a local conflict into the "international civil war". The aim of the thesis is to argue that Cuba influenced the global balance of power between the Soviet Union and the United States at the beginning of 1960's. The introductory chapters summarize the causes of the Cuban Revolution, the U.S. policy toward friendly dictators, mainly toward Fulgencio Batista in Cuba. Next part deals with the guerilla warfare against Batista and the extent of U.S. influence on this insurrection. The thesis uses a multi-archival research of the U.S. as well as Czech and British sources. The comparison of sources shows the extent of independent Cuban actions and helps to comprehend the logic of the Eastern-European foreign policy. The thesis further analyses the U.S. reaction on Cuban Revolution as well as causes and consequences of the Cuban Missile crisis. Moreover, it deals with the possibilities of improvement in the U.S.-Cuban relations. Last but not least it also analyses the...

The study analyzes the largely understudied cinematic cooperation between Czechoslovakia and Cuba in the first decade following the Cuban Revolution. It is based mostly on archival documents from the former Central Directorship of Czechoslovak State Film, the ministry of education and culture and the ministry of foreign affairs. Several chapters also draw from oral history, data collected from series of interviews with Cuban technicians and artists who have worked in Cuban cinema since the 1960s as well as Czechoslovak experts who worked at the Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Arts and Industries in the 1960s. The Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry (CICAI), founded in March 1959 shortly after the triumph of the Revolution, faced a shortage of human and material resources since its inception. The film industry, which had been mostly in the hands of the Americans before 1959, lost much personnel due to mass emigration. Later on, due to the American blockade and embargo, it also lost its most important provider of films, material and equipment. The majority of CICAI's technician and artists were just starting and were lacking in technical knowledge required to make films. Czechoslovak State Film (CSF) offered extensive help to Cuban cinema, especially in the area of developing the...