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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Kinetic studies of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system

Nashat, Khalid Hashim January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
2

Liver injury in hypervitaminosis A: Evidence for activation of Kupffer cell function.

Sim, Wai-Lum Winnie. January 1988 (has links)
The most important and novel finding of this work was enhanced liver Kupffer cell phagocytic and metabolic function by hypervitaminosis A. An animal model of hypervitaminosis A was developed in male Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged with 250,000 I.U. retinol/Kg body weight/day for 3 weeks. Presence of hypervitaminosis A was indicated by characteristic changes in the fur coat, presence of brittle bones and spontaneous fractures and a significant increase in plasma and liver concentrations of retinyl palmitate while retinol levels remained the same as in controls. Hypervitaminosis A did not cause severe liver abnormalities as reflected by normal plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity and bilirubin. Hepatic blood flow and portal pressure were also normal. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was decreased while malondialdehyde, a by-product of lipid peroxidation, was increased by the Vitamin A treatment. Examination of liver tissue by light microscopy showed no signs of liver cell injury. The main change was a marked increase in size of the fat or Vitamin A storing cells. Although hypervitaminosis A itself did not cause severe liver damage, pretreatment with high doses of Vitamin A severely potentiated liver injury by known hepatotoxicants such as carbon tetrachloride, endotoxin and acetaminophen. The potentiation of hepatotoxicity was determined by activity of glutamate pyruvate transaminase in plasma as well as by histological examination of liver tissue. Measurement of clearance from blood of indocyanine green and ⁹⁹ᵐTc-disofenin indicated this hepatocyte function was normal. Kupffer cell phagocytic function was enhanced in hypervitaminosis A as determined by clearance from blood of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-sulfur colloid. In vitro, there was also evidence that treatment with high doses of Vitamin A activated or enhanced Kupffer cell function. Kupffer cells from control and Vitamin A treated rats were isolated by enzymatic dispersion, purified by centrifugal elutriation, and placed in culture. Activation was indicated by (1) increased phagocytosis of ⁵¹Cr-labeled opsonized sheep red blood cells (2) enhanced release of superoxide anion and (3) enhanced production of tumor cytolytic factor by Kupffer cells from Vitamin A treated rats. Stimulation of Kupffer cell function in hypervitaminosis A seemed to be via lymphokines produced by lymphocytes in response to the excess Vitamin A. We propose that activated Kupffer cells may play an important role in liver injury in hypervitaminosis A.
3

Phospholipase D1 : a possible role in nucleotide-mediated hepatic stellate cell contraction

Benitez-Rajal, Joaquin January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
4

Uptake and processing of liposomes by rat liver macrophages in vitro

Dijkstra, Jan. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis--Groningen. / In Periodical Room.
5

Analysis of the effects of xanthohumol on hepatic homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis and cancerogenesis

Dorn, Christoph Michael January 2009 (has links)
Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2009.
6

Rôle de la fibre adénovirale dans le tropisme hépatique et la toxicité des vecteurs adénoviraux / Role of the fiber in liver tropism and toxicity of adenoviral vectors

Raddi, Najat 20 June 2014 (has links)
Les adénovirus (Ad) sont parmi les vecteurs les plus utilisés en thérapie génique. Cependant, les données d’essais pré-Cliniques et cliniques ont montré qu’ils induisaient une forte toxicité hépatique consécutive à leur tropisme hépatique, une réponse inflammatoire et une forte thrombocytopénie. Différents travaux avaient montré que l’interaction de l’Ad avec le facteur de la coagulation X (FX).était responsable de la transduction in vivo des hépatocytes après administration systémique des vecteurs Ad. Cependant, des résultats précédents du laboratoire avaient montré également que le pseudotypage d’une autre protéine de capside, la fibre, permettait de réduire la transduction hépatique. Dans le but de mieux comprendre le rôle de la fibre dans le tropisme et la toxicité des Ad, nous avons comparé des Ad recombinants pseudotypés pour tout (tige et tête de la fibre : AdF3) ou partie (tige : AdS3K5) de la fibre Ad3 avec un Ad5 à capside non modifiée (Adwt). Après administration systémique chez la souris, l’AdF3 et l’AdS3K5 induisent une plus faible expression du transgène dans le foie et la rate comparativement à l’Ad5wt. Cette réduction ne résulte ni d’un défaut de capture de ces vecteurs dans le foie ni de leur incapacité à utiliser le FX. Cependant, nos résultats ont révélé que les Ad pseudotypés par la fibre Ad3 étaient capturés de façon plus importante par les cellules de Kupffer. Nous avons montré que cette capture était une propriété intrinsèque de la fibre Ad3 puisqu’elle était observée également après administration systémique d’un Ad de sérotype 3. De façon intéressante, les Ad pseudotypés par la fibre Ad3 restent capables de transférer des gènes dans les tumeurs aussi efficacement que l’Adwt.Dans la deuxième partie de nos travaux, nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de la thrombocytopénie consécutive à l’administration d’Ad. Nous avons défini la cinétique de la thrombocytopénie ainsi que l’effet de la dose virale. Nous avons montré que certains facteurs de l’hôte comme les facteurs de la coagulation ou la rate n’étaient pas impliqués dans la thrombocytopénie. De façon intéressante, nous avons montré que la fibre Ad5 jouait un rôle dans l’induction de la baisse plaquettaire puisque l’administration des virus à fibre Ad3 n’induisait plus de forte baisse plaquettaire. Parallèlement, nous avons observé un profil inflammatoire associé à l’administration des Ad à fibre modifiée beaucoup plus réduit que celui de l’Adwt. Nos travaux en cours évaluent l’existence possible d’une corrélation entre la production de cytokines/chimiokines et la thrombocytopénie.L’ensemble de ces résultats montre que le pseudotypage des Ad5 par la fibre de l’Ad3 permet de réduire leur toxicité et de limiter la réponse inflammatoire tout en conservant un transfert de gènes efficace dans les tumeurs. L’introduction de ce type de modification de capside dans les Ad oncolytiques devrait permettre de conserver leur capacité à se répliquer dans les tumeurs tout en limitant les toxicités liées à leur dissémination par voie systémique. / To date adenoviruses (Ad) are the most used vectors in gene therapy. However, Ad use is hampered by a strong liver tropism that leads to hepatotoxicity, a strong inflammatory response and the induction of thrombocytopenia. Binding of Ad hexon to coagulation factor X (FX) is responsible for hepatocyte transduction in vivo. As a consequence, mutation of hexon protein abrogates Ad interaction with FX and reduces liver transduction. However, previous results of our lab have demonstrated that Ad5 pseudotyping with fiber Ad3 also resulted in significant reduction of liver transduction. To understand how fiber modification affects in vivo Ad tropism, we used two pseudotyped viruses with whole (AdF3) or only the shaft (AdS3K5) of Ad3 fiber.Following systemic delivery of fiber-Modified Ads, a reduced transduction was observed 2 days p.i. in liver and spleen. This reduction was not due to the impairment of fiber-Modified Ads liver entry or FX use in vivo. Remarkably, after Kupffer cells depletion, a restored transgene expression level was observed, suggesting that fiber-Modified Ads are strongly uptaken by Kupffer cells. We have demonstrated that this strong uptake is an Ad3 intrinsic property since Ad3 was also strongly uptaken by Kupffer cells. Interestingly, fiber-Modified Ads transduce tumours as efficiently as Ad5. In the second part of this work, we aimed to better understand the mechanism of Ad-Induced thrombocytopenia. We first defined the kinetic and dose-Dependence of Ad-Induced thrombocytopenia. Then, we have shown that factors of the host such as the coagulation factors and the spleen were not involved in the thrombocytopenia development. Interestingly, we demonstrated o role for Ad5 in this platelet count reduction since fiber-Modified Ad induced only a modest thrombocytopenia. In parallel, we have observed a reduced production of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine following fiber-Modified Ad administration. Experiments are ongoing to investigate a possible correlation between inflammatory responses and thrombocytopenia. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Ad5 pseudotyping with Ad3 fiber allows à reduced toxicity and inflammatory response while tumour transduction efficacy is remained. Therfore, oncolytic Ad pseudotyped with Ad3 fiber might be potent tool in tumor virotherapy while limiting risk of toxicity.
7

Rôle du macrophage dans les étapes précoces de la stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH)

Leroux, Anne 17 September 2012 (has links)
L’obésité est à l’origine de la première cause de maladies hépatiques dans les pays occidentaux. Les lésions hépatiques s’étendent de la stéatose isolée et réversible à la stéatohépatite (NASH), la fibrose, la cirrhose jusqu’au carcinome hépatocellulaire. Aucun traitement pharmacologique n’a montré son efficacité pour éviter cette évolution. La compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine du processus inflammatoire est donc un élément clef pour le développement de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques. Nous avons précédemment montré dans un modèle murin d’obésité que la stéatose induit un recrutement accru de lymphocytes par le foie. Les cellules de Kupffer représentent jusqu’à 20% des cellules immunitaires du foie. Elles peuvent présenter différents phénotypes : pro-inflammatoire ou anti-inflammatoire. Un phénotype pro-inflammatoire engendre la sécrétion de cytokines/chimiokines pro-inflammatoires favorisant une réponse immune de type Th1 et un recrutement de cellules immunitaires. Les cellules de Kupffer pourraient ainsi être des acteurs majeurs dans les étapes précoces du développement de la maladie.Le but de ce travail a été d’étudier le phénotype des cellules de Kupffer au stade de la stéatose et le rôle des lipides dans ce phénotype.Nous avons montré que l'accumulation de lipides dans les cellules de Kupffer est due à un dérèglement du métabolisme des lipides et de leur trafic. Les cellules de Kupffer chargées de lipides ont un phénotype pro-inflammatoire qui induit le recrutement des lymphocytes durant les premiers stades du développement de la NASH et qui est réversible par l'inhibition de la lipogenèse. / We have shown lipid accumulation in fat-laden Kupffer cells is due to a dysregulation of lipid metabolism and trafficking. Fat-laden Kupffer cells are "primed" to recruit lymphocytes and exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype at the stage of steatosis, which is reversible with inhibition of lipogenesis
8

Development of PEG-peptide scavenger receptor inhibitors for non-viral gene delivery: an in-depth analysis into the properties which influence liver uptake

Allen, Rondine Joni-Ann 01 May 2018 (has links)
Gene therapy can potentially treat a wide range of diseases ranging from inherited diseases to cancer. The successful use of nucleic acids to treat genetic diseases is limited by rapid capture and degradation of the nanoparticle by Kupffer cells in the liver. Scavenger receptors on the cell surface, capture both viral and non-viral nanoparticles leading to reduced efficacy. PEG-peptides were found to inhibit scavenger receptors on the surface of Kupffer cells by forming albumin nanoparticles when intravenously dosed. This work explores the development of potent, low-molecular weight PEG-peptide inhibitors. In order to study the in vivo activity of the nanoparticle, an in vivo assay was developed to directly assess the potency of inhibition. High molecular weight polylysine peptides (33.5 kDa) inhibited liver uptake with an IC50 of 18 μM. Incorporation of four leucine residues, to improve albumin binding, allowed for a decrease in PEG molecular weight and number of lysine residues, resulting in PEG5kda-Cys-Tyr-Lys-(Leu-Lys4)3-Leu-Lys (7.4 kDa) that inhibited scavenger receptors with an IC50 = 20 μM. Further decrease in the PEG molecular weight resulted in the discovery of PEG2kDa- Cys-Tyr- (Leu-Lys4)3-Leu-Lys (4.4 kDa) with potency of 3 μM. The increase in potency could be attributed to a decrease in the zeta potential of the albumin nanoparticle resulting in more efficient scavenger receptor mediated uptake. Co- administration of PEG2kDa- Cys-Tyr-(Leu-Lys4)3-Leu-Lys with a stable PEGylated polyacridine DNA polyplex resulted in inhibition of rapid polyplex uptake by the liver with an IC50 = 11 μM. Other properties including spatial distribution of leucine, hydrophobicity and peptide length were also explored to determine their effect on liver uptake. Hydrophobic peptides resulted in the formation of micelles which were inactive as scavenger receptor inhibitors and exhibited increased liver uptake upon dose escalation. Reduction in the peptide length resulted in peptides that were not captured by the liver. Inhibition scavenger receptors has the potential to improve the efficacy of viral and non-viral nanoparticles. The findings of this work provide a framework for the development of PEG-peptide inhibitors capable of blocking live uptake of viral and non-viral nanoparticles.
9

Characterization of the role of CD14 in human and animal liver diseases /

Leicester, Katherine L. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2005.
10

Zum Mechanismus der Kupfer-assoziierten Leberschädigung bei der Long-Evans-Cinnamon-Ratte

Finckh, Matthias. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2002.

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