It is very difficult in real-time breaking the cryptographic algorithms used at present. The Classical cryptoanalysis is based on finding weaknesses in the mathematical structure of the algorithm. Discovery of side channels caused a substantial change in this science. Side-channel attacks are based on incorrect physical implementation of cryptographic algorithms. This new way attack changes notions about cryptography and security of systems. This master´s thesis contains a detailed description of the whole problem of side channels and deals with side-channel attacks on the RSA asymmetric algorithm. This thesis includes the design and realization of laboratory exercise, which is focused on the time attack on the RSA algorithm implementation.

The aim of the master´s thesis is to create a high-frequency amplifier with switching power amplifier classes among classes A, B, C with output power of 10 W. The amplifier operates at frequency from 3.5 MHz to 14 MHz. Master´s thesis includes also theoretical analysis, design of lowpass filter and amplifiers and their simulation, mechanical realization and measured parameters of the amplifier.

I denna rapport kommer vi att beskriva hur vi skapat och utvecklat ett skolprogram på Vetenskapens Hus (VH) i samarbete med Scania. Skolprogrammen på VH består av en teoretisk del och en laboration som riktas till elever i grundskolan och på gymnasiet. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka möjligheter att öka teknikintresset hos högstadieelever genom att skapa ett skolprogram på VH med koppling till den teknik som finns på Scania. Utgångspunkten är de teorier som Knud Illeris använder och hans dimensioner, Harlens teorier om undersökningsbaserad vetenskap samt Peter Senges discipliner. Efter ett besök på Scania, där vi fick se delar av deras produktionslina bestämde vi oss för att skolprogrammet skulle handla om Lean produktion. Detta beslutades eftersom idén gillades av handledaren från Scania samt att det vår något genomförbart på VH och att den inte liknade något av de befintliga skolprogrammen. Datainsamlingen skedde först och främst genom observationer gjorda på elever som går i högstadiet. De tre första grupperna är praoelever som praktiserar på VH och sedan ytterligare tre grupper som kommer från klasser runt omkring Stockholm som vi bjudit in. Det kommer även finnas datainsamling genom enkäter som delas ut till eleverna efter besöket på VH samt intervjuer med respektive lärare. Utifrån dessa data kommer vi fram till att eleverna förlorar fokus då de saknar stimulering i undervisningen och därmed behöver läraren ständigt arbeta med produktiva frågor för att leda eleverna och stimulera dem i deras arbete. / This article will describe how we have created and evolved a school program in Vetenskapens Hus (VH) in collaboration with Scania. The purpose is to create a school program about Lean production because this represents many industries way of working. Our starting point is the theories written by Knud Illeris’ and his descriptions about dimensions, Harlen’s theories about inquiry in science education aswell as Peter Senges’ theories. The mission was to create a school program in the subject technical science which reflects Scania’s worksite, where Scania is the main sponsor for VH. We got inspired to make a school program about Lean production after a visit at one of Scania’s production sites since VH did not have any other school programs were the goal was Lean. The collection of data was made by observations on high schoolers, year 13-16. The first three groups will be students who do a work experience program in VH and then three more groups that come from classes in the city Stockholm. There will be more data collection through surveys given to the students after the visit at VH as well as interviews with their respectively teacher. The data collected gives us the insight that these students lose their focus when they are not stimulated. This means that the teacher needs work by asking productive questions to lead the students and stimulate them in their work.

<p>Ambient ionization mass spectrometry enables rapid <i>in-situ</i> analysis of a plethora of analytes that are relevant to the forensic and defense communities. As the arsenal of ambient ionization techniques, aimed at solving specific targeted problems, continues to expand, the adoption of these techniques into non-academic settings has been relatively slow. At times, although the technique can provide answers in a more rapid and cheaper manner, the technique does not pass all of the required legal rules for a particular analysis when dealing with forensic evidence. This can be demonstrated with the rapid detection of drugs by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry can have drugs deposited onto the paper substrate, the paper can wipe a surface for trace analytes, and there are commercial and automated ionization sources for this process. While analysis by paper spray is rapid, the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) states that a minimum of two instrumental techniques need to be utilized. Utilizing paper substrates that have nanoparticles embedded for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, that can also be utilized for paper spray ionization mass spectrometry, makes ambient ionization more appealing as it completes that first legal requirement. </p> <p>Other times, the slow adoption of these new ambient ionization techniques is due to specific communities not being aware of ambient ionization, and specific applications have not yet been demonstrated. Swab touch spray ionization mass spectrometry follows similar processes as paper spray ionization, as the swab acts both as the sampling substrate and the ionization source and can swab for analytes in a manner where the paper substrate may be damaged and unable to perform the ionization for analysis. This can be seen for the swabbing of organic gunshot residues and explosives, both of which current methods already use a swab for sampling but then need lengthy extraction techniques. The applicability of paper spray ionization and swab touch spray ionization for these forensic and defense analyses is only furthered by the fact that they both couple extremely well with portable mass spectrometers for analysis in the field.</p> <p>There are also many fields that ambient ionization is just starting to take its place in the analytical toolbox. Two such defense fields that are just beginning to expand into ambient ionization are the analysis of pyrotechnics and microelectronics. Pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass spectrometry methods have been developed and utilized for environmental tests for pyrotechnic formulation, but they are slow and there is an abundance of cleaning steps between analyses to prevent carry over and contamination. Using paper and swabs as the collection device and ionization source for environmental analysis of these pyrotechnics allow for them to be functioned at ambient conditions at the scale at which will be utilized in the field by the Warfighter. Similarly, authenticating microelectronics by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry removes the subjectivity of the current methods, while rendering the integrated circuit intact enabling future use if deemed as a genuine part. By taking slower or more subjective tests, in a field that has not utilized ambient ionization heavily in the past and adding these new capabilities to their tool chest expands the acceptance and future applications of the technique.</p> <p>As acceptance and utilization of ambient ionization grows, the next generation of scientists need to have hands on training in these techniques. Through the development of new teaching laboratories that couple both the fundamentals of the technique at hand, while also examining an interesting application to better engage the students, a number of laboratory exercises have been developed. The creation of new laboratory exercise utilizing the next generation of instrumentation and analytical techniques is vital for the future and rapid application of these techniques. The work discussed herein chronicles the utilization and demonstration of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in monitoring clandestine activities, supporting the Warfighter, and redeveloping chemical laboratory education. </p>