The aim of the thesis called Education and the Educational System in the Moravian-Silesian Region and its connection with labour market is to answer the question whether there is a connection between the educational system and the labor market in the Region. The thesis is divided into four major sections. The first charter describes the system of education and the labor market in general. Basic principles and concepts of this issue are described there. The second chapter provides information on the educational system and the labor market in the Czech Republic, including legislation and basic conceptual documents. The third chapter deals with the educational system in the Moravian-Silesian Region and provides an overview of the structure of students and graduates of secondary and tertiary education institutions in the region. The fourth chapter summarizes labor market issues in the Region with a focus on employment and unemployment in the region. The chapter ends with evaluating the structure of vacancies in the region. The results of the thesis suggest that while the offer of courses at secondary and tertiary education institutions largely meets the demand for labor in the region, the level of education does not.

Orientador: Fábio Antonio de Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zullo_GustavoJoseDanieli_M.pdf: 1349346 bytes, checksum: 3046c46d6a242c643fd933ff263cce76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em evidenciar que a economia brasileira está estruturalmente baseada em um baixo padrão de remuneração. Inicialmente amparados pela discussão sobre a marginalidade social, quando no primeiro capítulo fazemos um breve balanço do debate travado nos anos 1970 sobre suas origens econômicas, buscamos sintetizar as diferentes posições sobre os efeitos que a dominação do capital monopolista exerceu sobre o mercado de trabalho. Desse debate surgem duas concepções distintas e que, consequentemente, redundam em metodologias diferentes para quantificar a heterogeneidade que é própria de economias dependentes e de origem colonial, como a brasileira. A primeira dessas, que examinamos analiticamente no segundo capítulo, distingue as formas de trabalho em duas categorias: formal e informal. Sobre essa abordagem, antes de salientarmos de forma direta as deficiências inerentes a tal classificação, destacamos que alguns de seus pressupostos não estavam balizados pela formação econômico-social do país. Pensada dentro de um arcabouço teórico que julgava que o desenvolvimento capitalista brasileiro seria suficiente para homogeneizar as estruturas econômicas e sociais, essa concepção subestima a dependência como uma força que delimita as potencialidades nacionais. Por outro lado, no terceiro capítulo, nos valemos de uma metodologia que, desagregando os ocupados entre empregados e subempregados, enfatiza mais fortemente as interações entre as estruturas agrária e urbana. Mais especificamente, analisamos a repercussão do processo de urbanização ocorrido em meados do século XX sobre o mercado de trabalho nos últimos trinta anos, período em que a heterogeneidade estrutural, ainda que sob novas formas, é reafirmada como singularidade nacional / Abstract: The aim of this work is to emphasize that the Brazilian economy is structurally based on a low standard of remuneration. Initially supported by the discussion about social marginality, when in the first chapter we give a brief assessment of the debate of the 70¿s on their economic backgrounds, we seek to synthesize the different positions on the effects that the domination of monopoly capital had on the labor market. This debate arises two distinct conceptions and therefore, originates different methodologies to quantify the heterogeneity that is typical of dependent economies and with colonial origins such as the Brazilian. The first of these, we examine analytically in the second chapter, we distinguish the forms of work into two categories: formal and informal. On this approach before we emphasize directly the inherent shortcomings of this classification, we point out that some of their assumptions were not justified by the socioeconomic structure of the country. Conceived within a theoretical framework that thought the capitalist development was enough to homogenize the economic and social structures, this conception underestimates the dependence as a force that delimits the national potential. On the other hand, in the third chapter, where we make use of a methodology that disaggregates the occupied labor force between employees and underemployed, we more strongly emphasize the interactions between agrarian and urban structures. More specifically, we analyze the impact of the urbanization process occurred in the mid-twentieth century on the labor market over the past thirty years, a period in which the structural heterogeneity, albeit in new forms, is reaffirmed as national singularity / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Over the past four years, growing volumes of media literature centre staged the Namibian economy with the dilemma of the ‘Children of the Liberation Struggle of Namibia’ (CoLSoN) in their resilient protest for employment. Yet, amid such chronicled portrayal and persistent social, economic and political discourse, the underpinnings of the plight of the CoLSoN for labour market participation received vigorous scholarly inattention and remained scientifically unexplored. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on the employability, employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment, and public policy interventions depicting the unemployed CoLSoN in Namibia. The Researcher situated the study in a post-positivist paradigm. Positioned in the Human Capital Theory, the study utilised the employability theory to examine the employability of the unemployed CoLSoN. The study employed the conceptual framework of employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment to investigate the domains responsible for the low employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment of the unemployed CoLSoN. Drawing on the theory of search and match, the study examined the typology of the supply-side effort of Government to establish the controlling of the ensuing disequilibrium of the demand-supply side efforts. The study employed a concurrent mixed method design comprising quantitative and qualitative schemes of inquiry, and drew a sample size of 605 unemployed CoLSoN through the simple random probability sampling procedure to respond to a 76-item survey instrument. Additionally, the study drew a purposive sub sample of 50 CoLSoN and two organisations to amplify the experiences of the unemployed CoLSoN and inform of the policy options directed to their plight through semi-structured interviews. The study analysed the quantitative data utilising the ANOVA, Multiple regression techniques, Spearman correlation and t-test of the SPSS software. Qualitative data analysis occurred through the application of thematic categorisation. The study found that fierce labour market demands and administrative malice delay the transition into the labour market of the unemployed CoLSoN. The interviews revealed intergenerational poverty transmission a distant, but potent dynamic of degenerating individual qualities among the unemployed CoLSoN for employability. The ANOVA sustained the postulation that low employability traits are not equally prevalent in all the age groups of the unemployed CoLSoN. Estimates indicate that a mere investment in the education of the unemployed CoLSoN would improve their generic employability by about 11%. The study recommends the exercise of employability as an Active Labour Market Policy to balance the demand-supply-side inconsistencies of the labour market that exclude the disadvantaged from participating therein. The study further recommends the reinforcement of institutional audit procedures to control the inaptness of intentional administrative barriers to the labour market participation of the CoLSoN. The study also recommends the granting of fiscal incentives to the private sector for a speedy absorption of the CoLSoN into the labour market. That way, the low employment prospects among the unemployed CoLSoN would contract. Their employability for labour market participation would augment, invigorating them to take charge of their lives and curb poverty transmission to the next generations.

Orientador: Anselmo Luís dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kocadost_Basak_M.pdf: 1609019 bytes, checksum: ecc7e83af4923f8a79500f71c3bebf3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O Brasil experimentou grandes mudanças socio-econômicas durante a primeira década do século 21, especialmente a partir do ano 2004, e mesmo depois da crise financeira nos anos de 2008 e 2009, que terminou por melhorar as condições dos trabalhadores de uma maneira geral. No entanto, apesar dos avanços notáveis gerais nesse período, tais como a criação de novos postos de trabalho em número elevado, o declínio da taxa de desemprego e um aumento significativo do salário mínimo real, o mercado de trabalho brasileiro ainda está muito desigual. A taxa de emprego das mulheres não mudou significativamente nesse período, aumentando de 54,4% em 2004 para apenas 55,7% em 2012. Além disso, a taxa de desemprego das mulheres é quase duas vezes maior do que a dos homens e as mulheres ainda constituem a grande maioria da população não economicamente ativa. Uma vez que o mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem sido historicamente caracterizado como heterogêneo e segregado, ganha importância examinar o desempenho de diferentes segmentos do mercado de trabalho nesse período e reconsiderar a dinâmica recente do mercado de trabalho em termos de diferentes grupos sociais. Neste trabalho, tratou-se em termos de desigualdade de gênero, particularmente em termos de disparidades salariais entre os homens e as mulheres no mercado de trabalho, analisando as evoluções dos salários femininos e masculinos e das horas de trabalho, utilizando os microdados da PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios) e considerando os diferentes setores, níveis de escolaridade e status profissionais. Em 2004, a remuneração média por hora das mulheres foi igual a 78,1% da remuneração dos homens, enquanto que em 2012 essa taxa chegou a 80,9%. O salario médio mensal das mulheres aumentou mais do que o dos homens nesse período. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo, a quantidade semanal de horas trabalhadas das mulheres aumentou ligeiramente, enquanto diminuiu muito pouco a dos homens. Em outras palavras, há uma tendência para a convergência das horas de trabalho entre homens e mulheres. Este nivelamento das horas de trabalho é notável em todos os níveis: setoral, educacional e ocupacional. Este nivelamento das disparidades de género na quantidade de horas trabalhadas pode ser considerado como uma das principais causas da diminuição limitada da disparidade salarial entre 2004 e 2012. Palavras Chave: Emprego feminino, Mercado de trabalho, Economia Brasileira, Desigualdade de gênero, Disparidade salarial / Abstract: Brazil experienced major socio-economical changes during the first decade of the 21st century, especially starting from the year 2004 and even after de financial crisis in the years of 2008 and 2009, that ended up to improve the working conditions for the population. However despite the general remarkable advances in this period such as the creation of new jobs in high numbers, the decline in average unemployment rates and a significant increase in the real minimum wage, the Brazilian labour market is still highly unequal. The woman employment rate had not changed significantly in that period. The woman employment rate was 54.4% in 2004; it increases only to 55.7% in 2012. Moreover woman unemployment rate is almost two times higher than the men¿s¿, and women still constitute vast majority of the economically inactive population. Since the Brazilian labour market historically had been characterized as being heterogeneous and segregated, it gains importance to examine how different segments of the labour market practiced this period and to reconsider the recent dynamics of labour market in terms of different social groups. In this work it was addressed in terms of the gender inequality, particularly in terms of the gender pay gap in the labour market analyzing the evolutions of the female and male wages and working hours considering different sectors, educational levels and occupational status using micro data of PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - Brazil's National Household Sample Survey) In 2004 women¿s average hourly earnings was equal to 78.1% of the men¿s hourly earnings, while in 2012 this rate reached to 80.9%. Women¿s average monthly earnings increased more than the men¿s in that period. However in the same time women¿s weekly working hours increased slightly, while the men¿s declined very little. In other words there is a tendency towards convergence of the working hours among men and women. This leveling of the working hours is notable in every level; in sectoral, educational and occupational status level. This leveling of gender gap in the working hours could be considered as one of the major causes of the limited decrease in the gender pay gap between 2004 and 2012 / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

No description available.

This study aims to examine the project efforts and activities that are being carried out as a part of a larger integration project in Sweden. Furthermore, the study discusses the contributions of these project efforts and activities in relation to creating better conditions for newly arrived participants, and also how the group of participants describe the projects and activities. The empirical data has been collected through the use of four project evaluations from selected integration projects. The empirical data was analysed using a qualitative text analysis. Previous research relevant to this study, the human capital theory and the signal and filter theory have formed my theoretical framework. The two theories are used to increase understanding of the mechanisms behind immigrants 'problems in the labor market and immigrants' integration into Swedish society as well as the opportunity to improve the situation. The result of my study shows that the project efforts and activities have created better conditions for the newly arrived participants in the integration projects. The group of participants feel that the integration efforts they have participated correspond to their needs, circumstances, as well as increasing their competence when entering the labor market. The result of my study shows that integration should not be defined only by the entrance into the labor market, but also through other forms of participation in the Swedish society.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The purpose of the study is to examine the functions of provinces in South Africa and their respective comparative advantages from 2013 to 2017, in terms of employment absorption. It is predicted or assumed that there are considerable spatial disparities in the functions and comparative advantage profiles among provinces, some of them performing highly sophisticated functions and being comparatively better in terms of labour market outcomes than others. It is also assumed that this comes as a result of spatial preferences in location of firms.

One of the most definitive identifiers of socio-economic status within modern society is a person's salary. In South Africa, labour market income is the largest source of household income when compared to other income sources namely social grants, remittances, income from a business, and pensions (Stats SA, 2019). Labour income is thus the primary source of an individual's sustenance. It determines the lifestyle they can afford and ultimately also conveys their sense of worth to their employer organization and to society at large. Consequently, employees want to be compensated fairly in exchange for their employment contributions. They want to know that they are being paid well relative to others tasked with the same work and with the same level of experience and qualification irrespective of their gender and/or race. Through a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design using regression techniques, salary disparities by race and gender have been analysed in this study using the LMDSA 2018 data. The analyses of earnings distributed across race and gender revealed that females consistently across all racial groups earn less than their male counterparts. The regression results showed that females overall earn 14% less than males and amongst the four prominent racial groups in South Africa, Blacks earn the least followed by Indians, then Coloureds and Whites earning the most (23% more than Blacks). This puts Black females at the bottom of the labour earnings hierarchy and White males at the top. From this study, salary disparities based on race and gender can be seen very distinctly in South Africa's labour market. The reasons for these disparities are at the very least multidimensional, however the most prominent of these reasons is Education. Education is multifaceted because not only is the level of education completed by employees a cause of the salary disparities but the variance in quality of education received by employees. The variance in quality of education is distinguished by race in this country which at its root cause lies the history of apartheid, and consequently, the quality of education will have an adverse effect on the level of education completed. Income inequality is but one element to many moving parts which contribute to overall inequality in South Africa. Another element is unemployment, and another is the accessibility of quality education. With Blacks being on the lower end of the spectrum in terms of labour earnings, having the highest levels of unemployment amongst all other racial groups and again being on the lowest end of the spectrum in terms of access to quality education and the level of education completed, it comes 3 as no surprise that Blacks are the poorest in South African society and that overall inequality is steadily rising. We conclude this study by providing recommendations for future studies based on the limitations we encountered as well as policy recommendations to address the high levels of income inequality proven to be prevalent in South African labour market. These include revised HR practices, a rebalance to the tax system and an amendment to the BBBEE scorecard criteria.

Master´s thesis is analyzing egual alternatives of women in term of business activities also macroeconomic indicators, which can zoom in situation on labour market. It represents acquisition for the future at the hand of specific arrangements.

The presented diploma thesis is aimed on the employment questions in the Olomouc region. The analytical part of this thesis is devoted to the description of current situation at the labor market in this region and consequentially several measures are suggested to contribute to the decrease of the unemployment rate.