• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Duração e eficacia do efeito de diferentes anestésicos no bloqueio do nervo digital palmar em equinos / Duration and efficacy of different local anesthetics on the palmar digital nerve block in horses

Silva, Gabriele Biavaschi da 20 February 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the present study was to determine the duration and efficacy of local analgesia produced by bupivacaine, lidocaine and ropivacaine used to block the palmar digital (PD) nerve. Nine adult horses underwent a thorough physical examination and evaluation using wireless motion sensors to determine the absence of signs of lameness. Galvanized steel clamps were used to induce lameness. The horses were randomly allocated in a crossover design (bupivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, lidocaine 30 mg, ropivacaine 11,25 mg). The objective lameness evaluations were recorded immediately before administration of the anesthetic on the digital palmar nerve, and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90,120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 300 minutes after the block. The evaluation of mean improvement in lameness after the block was performed using the Wilcoxon test (P> 0.05). The relative lameness severity (RLS) observed after the induction of lameness was 2,4 times the threshold (6mm) and the intensity of the induced lameness was similar between horses (coefficient of variance = 55,26%). Bupivacaine, lidocaine and ropivacaine were effective in blocking at least 75% of the lameness induced by clamps, 5 minutes after the block, the tested drugs improved more than 60% of the lameness. With 7.5 mg bupivacaine improved lameness in more than 90% between 10 and 60 minutes after blocking. Lidocaine (30 mg), resulted in maximal analgesia between 10 and 30 minutes after blocking and the lameness improvement was higher than 69%. Administration of 11.25 mg ropivacaine was able to improve lameness more than 86% between 10 and 180 minutes. The doses of bupivacaine and ropivacaine used in this study were effective in blocking lameness induced by clamps. The dose of 30 mg of lidocaine was not able to completely reverse the lameness. At 5 minutes of blocking, the local anesthetics tested had produced a significant improvement in lameness. Objective analysis of lameness showed a longer analgesic effect on the PD nerve block using ropivacaine than bupivacaine and lidocaine. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o início, a duração e a eficácia da analgesia local produzida pela lidocaína, bupivacaína e ropivacaína no bloqueio do nervo digital palmar. Foram selecionados nove cavalos adultos submetidos a exame físico e avaliação utilizando sensores inerciais para avaliar a ausência de sinais de claudicação. Braçadeiras de aço galvanizado foram utilizadas para induzir claudicação. Os cavalos foram alocados aleatoriamente em um modelo crossover (bupivacaína 7,5 mg, lidocaína 30 mg, ropivacaína 11,35 mg). As análises objetivas de claudicação foram registradas antes da administração perineural dos fármacos no nervo digital palmar e em seguida aos 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90,120, 150, 180, 210, 240 e 300 minutos após o bloqueio. A avaliação das médias de estimativa de melhora da claudicação após o bloqueio foi realizada através do teste de Wilcoxon (P>0,05). A severidade da claudicação relativa (SCR) observada após a indução de claudicação foi 2,4 vezes o limiar (6 mm) e a intensidade da claudicação induzida foi semelhante entre os cavalos (coeficiente de variação = 55,26%). Bupivacaína, lidocaína e ropivacaína foram eficientes em bloquear acima de 75% da claudicação induzida experimentalmente, 5 minutos após o bloqueio todas as drogas testadas apresentavam melhora na claudicação superior a 60%. Utilizando 7,5 mg de bupivacaína a estimativa de melhora na claudicação foi superior a 90% entre 10 e 60 minutos após o bloqueio. Com 30 mg de lidocaína a analgesia máxima ocorreu entre 10 e 30 minutos após o bloqueio e a estimativa de melhora na claudicação foi superior a 69%. A administração de 11,25 mg de ropivacaína bloqueou a claudicação em mais de 86%, entre 10 e 180 minutos após o bloqueio. As doses de bupivacaína e ropivacaína utilizadas neste estudo foram eficientes em bloquear a claudicação induzida por braçadeiras. A dose de 30 mg de lidocaína não foi eficiente em bloquear totalmente a claudicação. Cinco minutos após o bloqueio todos os anestésicos locais apresentavam melhora na estimativa de claudicação. As análises objetivas de claudicação mostraram efeito analgésico mais longo no bloqueio do nervo digital palmar da ropivacaína do que da bupivacaína e lidocaína.
2

Objective evaluation of analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint, the navicular bursa and perineural analgesia in horses with naturally occurring forelimb lameness localised to the foot

Katrinaki, Vasiliki 03 June 2024 (has links)
Vasiliki Katrinaki Objektive Beurteilung diagnostischer Anästhesien von Hufgelenk, Bursa podotrochlearis und Palmarnerven bei Pferden mit Vorderhandlahmheiten und deren Ursprung in der Hufregion. Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig Eingereicht Dezember 2023 Einleitung: Orthopädische Erkrankungen weisen eine hohe Prävalenz bei Pferden auf und können das Wohlbefinden sowie ihre sportliche Nutzung stark beeinträchtigen. Erkrankungen des Hufrollen-Apparates sind für etwa ein Drittel aller chronischen Lahmheiten der Vordergliedmaße beim Pferd verantwortlich. Perineurale Anästhesien (Leitungsanästhesien) werden genutzt, um den Ursprung der Lahmheit am Pferdebein zu lokalisieren. Um die Lahmheitsursache genauer eingrenzen zu können, werden intra-synoviale Strukturen innerhalb des Hufes (Hufgelenk und/oder Bursa Podotrochlearis) anästhesiert. Die subjektive Beurteilung von Bewegungsstörungen sowie die Interpretation von diagnostischen Anästhesien führt oft zu Unstimmigkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Beobachtern. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Systeme entwickelt, welche eine Quantifizierung der Bewegungsstörung ermöglichen. Hiermit kann die prozentuale Verbesserung der Lahmheit nach der Durchführung diagnostischer Anästhesien über die Zeit erfasst und dokumentiert werden. Eine Anwendung solcher Systeme zur objektiven Beurteilung von Hufgelenkanästhesie (HG-A) und Bursa Podotrochlearis Analgesia (BP-A) wurde bei Pferden mit Vorderhandlahmheit bis heute nicht beschrieben. Ziel: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es: I) Die zeitabhängige Verbesserung natürlich vorkommender Vorderhandlahmheiten mit Ursprung in der Hufregion, nach erfolgter HG-A und BP-A bei Pferden zu beschreiben und II) zu prüfen, ob Schmerzen, die vom Hufgelenk bzw. dem Strahlbeinapparat ausgehen, mittels Leitungsanästhesien (Tiefe Palmarnervenanästhesie (TPA) und Mittlere Palmarnervenanästhesie (MPA)) unterschieden werden können. Unter Anwendung eines auf nicht-invasiven Beschleunigungssensoren basierenden Systems (BMISS, body-mounted inertial sensor system), sollten die Veränderungen des Bewegungsmusters vor und nach Einfluss der oben genannten diagnostischen Anästhesien quantitativ und objektiv erfasst werden. Tiere, Material und Methoden: Es handelt sich um eine prospektive klinische Studie an Patienten, die aufgrund einer Vorderhandlahmeit an der Pferdeklinik, Freie Universität Berlin, zwischen 2012 und 2016 vorstellig wurden. Alle Patienten wurden an drei aufeinander folgenden Tagen subjektiv und objektiv (BMISS) anhand eines standardisierten Protokolls von derselben Person orthopädisch untersucht. Am ersten Tag wurde der Ursprung der Lahmheit mittels Leitungsanästhesie lokalisiert. Bei positiver TPA oder MPA erfolgte anschließend eine HG-A (Tag 2) sowie eine BP-A (Tag 3). Das Gangbild wurde jeweils 10 Minuten (perineurale Anästhesie) bzw. 2, 5 und 10 Minuten (intra-synoviale Anästhesie) nach Injektion des Lokalanästhetikums beurteilt. Entsprechend wurden ausschließlich Pferde in die Studie eingeschlossen, bei denen mindesten eine der perineuralen und eine der intra-synovialen Anästhesien als “deutlich positiv” gewertet wurde. Die diagnostischen Anästhesien wurden als „deutlich positiv“ gewertet, wenn mittels BMISS eine Reduzierung der Lahmheit um mindestens 70% vom Ausgangswert gemessen wurde. Ergebnisse: Das Patientenkollektiv bestand aus 23 Pferden im Alter zwischen 4 und 16 Jahren. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Leitungsanästhesien wurden die Pferde den Gruppen „TPA“ (TPA positiv, n = 16) und „MPA“ (MPA positiv, n = 7) zugeordnet. Es konnte kein signifikanter Zusammengang zwischen einer Verbesserung der Lahmheit nach perineuraler Anästhesie und HG-A bzw. BP-A festgestellt werden (p > 0,05). Innerhalb der Gruppe „TPA“ war 2 Minuten nach intra-synovialer Injektion die Anzahl der Pferde, bei denen sich eine BP-A im Vergleich zur HG-A verbesserte, signifikant höher (p = 0,02). Bei den restlichen Messzeitpunkten konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen BP-A und HG-A innerhalb der Gruppe „TPA“ festgestellt werden (5 Minuten: p = 0,07; 10 Minuten: p = 0,1). Aufgrund der sehr kleinen Stichprobe wurden die Daten innerhalb der Gruppe „MPA“ ausschließlich deskriptiv analysiert. Bei Betrachtung der intra-synovialen Anästhesien (unabhängig von der Leitungsanästhesie), war 2 Minuten (p < 0,001) sowie 5 Minuten (p = 0,04) nach Injektion ein signifikanter Unterschied im durchschnittlichen Grad der Verbesserung der Lahmheit zwischen HG-A und BP-A deutlich. Zehn Minuten nach Injektion wurde für beide intra-synovialen Anästhesien kein bedeutender Unterschied im Bewegungsmuster gemessen (p = 0,06). Bezüglich der zeitabhängigen Verbesserung der Lahmheit unter Einfluss der verschiedenen intra-synovialen Anästhesien zeigten die Pferde nach BP-A eine signifikante Verbesserung der Lahmheit 2 Minuten nach Injektion, welche über die Zeit konstant blieb. Bei Pferden mit positiver HG-A wurde eher eine progressive Reduktion der Lahmheit beobachtet. Der Unterschied in der Verbesserung zwischen den Messzeitpunkten 2 und 10 Minuten (p = 0,04) war signifikant. Schlussfolgerungen: Perineurale Anästhesien der distalen Vordergliedmaße ermöglichen keine Differenzierung der genauen Schmerzlokalisation in der Hufregion. Intra-synoviale Anästhesien sollten in diesem Bereich sowohl 2 als auch 5 Minuten nach Injektion des Lokalanästhetikums evaluiert werden. Während nach PB-A eine schnelle und über den Zeitverlauf konstante Verbesserung der Lahmheit eintritt, ist bei der HG-A mit einer progressiven Verbesserung der Lahmheit über 10 min nach Injektion zu rechnen.:Table of contents I List of illustrations II Abbreviations III 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1 2. Literature......................................................................................................................3 2.1. Anatomy...................................................................................................................3 2.2. Forelimb lameness...................................................................................................5 2.3. Necessity for objective gait analysis…………………………………………………....6 2.4. Objective lameness evaluation.................................................................................7 2.5. Body-mounted inertial sensor system, Lameness Locator……………………….….8 2.6. Diagnostic analgesia of the distal limb……………….…………………………….…..9 2.7. Diagnostic imaging.................................................................................................11 2.8. Therapy....................................................................................................................12 2.9. Hypotheses.............................................................................................................13 3. Publication.................................................................................................................14 4. Declaration of own portion of work in publication.....................................................23 5. Discussion..................................................................................................................24 6. Zusammenfassung.....................................................................................................34 7. Summary………………………………………………………......…………………..…....36 8. Literature....................................................................................................................38 9. Acknowledgements....................................................................................................46 / Vasiliki Katrinaki Title: Objective evaluation for analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint, the navicular bursa and perineural analgesia in horses with naturally occurring forelimb lameness localised to the foot Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University Submitted in December 2023 Introduction: Lameness is a very common problem in horses, and pathologies of the navicular apparatus constitute up to one-third of all chronic forelimb lameness. Despite its high occurrence, and the fact that it can severely impair the horse’s sporting career and affect their welfare, contradictory results of diagnostic analgesia are documented. The interpretation of perineural analgesia remains confusing regarding the ability of the palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) to differentiate pain coming from pathologies of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) or the navicular syndrome. Thus, the outcome and interpretation of intra-synovial diagnostic analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa remain controversial, and no objective live over ground studies have been performed so far to establish the percentage of improvement over time from these two analgesia techniques. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to objectively evaluate with the use of an inertial-sensor based system the qualitative and time-dependent outcome of distal interphalangeal joint analgesia (DIPJ-A) and navicular bursa analgesia (NB-A) in naturally occurring forelimb lameness and to assess if perineural analgesia of the distal limb can differentiate pain coming from the DIPJ or the navicular apparatus. Study design: Prospective clinical trial. Methods: Clinical cases with forelimb lameness were evaluated objectively using a body- mounted inertial sensor system (BMISS) at the Equine Hospital of Freie Universität Berlin, Germany between 2012 and 2016. The ages of the animals varied between four and 16 years. A three-day lameness examination was performed subjectively and objectively. The subjective evaluation was always performed by the same veterinarian during the 3 days and the objective examination was performed using the BMISS. The horses were hospitalised for the three-day lameness examination. Lameness was localised to the foot with a palmar digital nerve block and/or an abaxial sesamoidean nerve block (ASNB) at day 1, and analgesia of the DIPJ (DIPJ-A) and NB (NB-A) were performed at day 2 and 3. Improvement following perineural analgesia was measured after 10 min and intra-synovial blocks after 2, 5 and 10 min, respectively. Horses with at least 70% improvement measured objectively after diagnostic analgesia were included in the study. Results: A total of 23 cases of forelimb lameness were included in this study. The age of the horses varied between four and 16 years. The side and degree of baseline lameness remained stable during the 3 days of lameness examination. The PDNB group included horses with a positive PDNB (n=16) and the ASNB group included horses with a negative PDNB and a positive ASNB (n=7). The majority of the horses had a positive response to PDNB compared with ASNB but there was no significant association between improvement following perineural analgesia and the DIPJ-A and NB-A in the number of horses that improved after DIPJ and NB analgesia (p>0.05). Comparison between the PDNB group and intra-synovial analgesia showed that in 2 min assessments there was a statistically significant difference in the number of horses that improved with an NB-A compared to DIPJ-A (p=0.02). In 5 min and 10 min evaluations, such a result was no longer observed (p=0.07 in 5 min, p=0.1 in 10 min). Comparison of the ASNB group to intra-synovial analgesia was descriptive because the number of horses included in this group was small. The mean improvement in the lameness was different between DIPJ-A and NB-A at 2 min (p<0.001) and at 5 min (p=0.04); however, this difference was no longer observed after 10 min (p=0.06). Evaluation of intra-synovial analgesia over time showed that a positive NB-A revealed a high degree of improvement already after 2 min that remained stable, whereas the DIPJ-A improved over time showing a significant difference in mean improvement between 2 min and 10 min measurements (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that perineural analgesia is not reliable enough to differentiate pain originating from DIPJ and NB. The DIPJ-A and the NB-A should be evaluated at 2 and 5 min, since a significant difference of lameness improvement was measured for these points of time, pointing out the necessity to perform both blocks to identify the painful region. An early evaluation of the DIPJ-A and NB-A can determine the origin of the pain. An improvement in NB-A was constant over time, whereas a progressive improvement in lameness over the 10 min after injection is to be excepted in DIPJ-A.:Table of contents I List of illustrations II Abbreviations III 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1 2. Literature......................................................................................................................3 2.1. Anatomy...................................................................................................................3 2.2. Forelimb lameness...................................................................................................5 2.3. Necessity for objective gait analysis…………………………………………………....6 2.4. Objective lameness evaluation.................................................................................7 2.5. Body-mounted inertial sensor system, Lameness Locator……………………….….8 2.6. Diagnostic analgesia of the distal limb……………….…………………………….…..9 2.7. Diagnostic imaging.................................................................................................11 2.8. Therapy....................................................................................................................12 2.9. Hypotheses.............................................................................................................13 3. Publication.................................................................................................................14 4. Declaration of own portion of work in publication.....................................................23 5. Discussion..................................................................................................................24 6. Zusammenfassung.....................................................................................................34 7. Summary………………………………………………………......…………………..…....36 8. Literature....................................................................................................................38 9. Acknowledgements....................................................................................................46

Page generated in 0.062 seconds