Pluralities of people s crossings of the Mekong Thai-Lao border occur as locals subvert, reject, ignore, and embrace the logic of the national border. From a state-centric point of view, the everyday movements of these people, who rely mainly on a subsistence economy and have their own modes of crossing, are undocumented. I argue that people s mobility co-exists with the practice of sedentary assumption. The aim of this thesis is to promote theory related to the Third Space in Borderland Studies by the presentation and analysis of people s pluralities in border-crossings. The borderland area of Khong Chiam (Thailand)-Sanasomboun (Lao PDR) is the location of an in-between state in which spatial negotiations, temporal negotiations, and negotiations of political subjectivities contribute to the nature of mobility in the Third Space. To achieve the objective of this thesis, ethnographic methodology was used over six months of fieldwork from March to September 2016, and included participant observations, interviews and essay-readings that involved 110 participants in the borderland site. People s movements across the Mekong River border occur daily without formal state approval. From the perspective of the Thai Ban, the river is a lived space in which they catch food and use for transport. However, their interpretation of the Mekong as the state boundary does not completely disappear. This thesis examines the everyday banal pluralities of the Thai Ban s border-crossings by weaving together the three concepts of space, temporality, and negotiations of political subjectivities. The spatial and temporal negotiations involved in the border-crossings shape and are shaped by this other interpretation of the Mekong as a lived space, and different political subjectivities contribute to the pluralities of the crossings. The presentation of these pluralities of border-crossings adds to Borderland Studies specifically and the social sciences in general in the development of an understanding of the Third Space. As this thesis focuses on people s mobility at quasi-state checkpoints and in areas along the Mekong Thai-Lao border with no border checkpoints, it is suggested that future research examines the everyday practices of border-crossings at land borders.

Access to safe water and improved sanitation remains threatened by the ever increasing demand in urbanised cities of the world. Adequate management of this problem could not be achieved through technical and regulatory methods alone. A human values-based education approach, namely the Human Values Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE) programme, was considered a suitable intervention strategy to bring about the desired changes in attitude and behaviour by the water users. This research involves an empirical case study approach that explores the experiences of Laotian teachers as adult learners of the HVWSHE intervention as well as a literature study on adult education, adult learning facilitation, human values-based education and teacher beliefs. Focus group meetings, lesson observations, participant observation, field notes and a researcher journal was used to collect data. This study revealed that the HVWSHE training programme had a positive effect on the adult learners’ attitude and behaviour towards a better water-use and sanitation-friendly ethic. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

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MOSEROVÁ, V. Bc.: Did food security in Cambodia-Laos-Myanmar-Vietnam countries improved after Millennial development goals?, Diploma thesis Topic of the thesis is a scrutiny of food security in the Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam countries after Millennium development goal were set. The goal is to confirm or refuse the hypothesis of the improvement of food security in CLMV countries after Millennium development goals. The goal would be examined according to the results of the analysis of the data for the period 1990 to 2015. The analysis shall be done using the composite indicator and the trend will be also analysed. The purpose is to create a suggestion that would help improve the situation in this region.

The Nam Ngum River Basin (NNRB) in Laos has received attention of foreign investors due to high hydropower development potential and low per capita electricity consumption. The NNRB is rapidly developing due to its hydropower generation potentials while water demands will increase for agricultural and domestic purposes due to population increase and land-use changes. Water availability conditions will be affected with the increasing water demand and climate change may worsen the water availability conditions. Climate is often defined as the weather averaged over time whereas weather describes atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time in terms of air temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and rainfall. On regional scale, climate change impact assessment is crucial for water resource planning, management and decision making. First part of this study, reliable estimation of climatic variables is performed under climate change. Second part assess the changes in water resources regimes and sustainability conditions of agricultural and domestic water user sectors under climate change for “do nothing” option that are critical for strategic planning and to minimize the negative impacts. Third part assesses the long-term climate change trends, water allocation challenges and appropriate adaptation measures to minimize watershed impacts to achieve sustainability and long-term management goals. The major findings of this study shows (1) wetter and warmer climates especially in the latter part of the century indicating less water availability, (2) sustainability in meeting the water demands for agriculture and domestic use is affected under “do nothing” option, and (3) watershed scale adaptation measures improve the (1) hydropower generation, (2) sustainability conditions in agricultural and domestic water user sectors, and (3) flow regimes.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第17839号 / 地博第157号 / 新制||地||53(附属図書館) / 30654 / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 繁男, 教授 河野 泰之, 准教授 竹田 晋也, 准教授 古澤 拓郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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<p> The inter/intramolecular interactions and associations between constituents determine the microstructure of food and its response to mechanical deformation and flow. The characterization of food rheology enables the design of efficient processing equipment, production of high-quality, stable end products, prediction of textural and sensorial attributes, and assurance of consumer acceptability. Foods are subjected to rapid and large deformations during processing operations and consumption. Dynamic oscillatory shear tests are carried out by subjecting food to a sinusoidal deformation (or stress) and probing the mechanical stress (or strain) and recording the response as a function of time. In the SAOS region, the mechanical response is in the form of a perfect sinusoidal curve and interpretation is straightforward as expected from a linear model. On the other hand, LAOS response requires complex mathematical relations to extract meaningful rheological parameters. In this dissertation, Fourier Transform-Chebyshev Decomposition (FTC) and Sequence of Physical Processes (SPP) methods were utilized to quantify the LAOS response of selected food materials. The objective of this study is to gain new insights into the nonlinear rheology and structural architecture of food materials. To offer insights into the microstructure–rheology relations, rheological measurements were accompanied by various techniques probing chemical interactions (FTIR), imaging (Cryo-SEM, SEM), quantitative network analysis, and molecular size (SDS-PAGE). This dissertation showed that LAOS rheology is highly correlated with the network structure of food shown by the quantitative network analysis utilizing SEM images. It is a powerful tool to detect the effect of small molecules on the nonlinear rheology of food (HMW-LMW glutenin ratio, gliadin for dough, fat content in yogurt, and amylopectin/amylose ratio of starch in a suspension). Nonlinear parameters were sensitive to structural changes occurring in dough structure during processing conditions including aging at room and elevated temperatures. Lastly, the SPP method enabling time-resolved interpretation of nonlinear rheology provided detailed transient microstructural interpretations whereas the FTC method gave static measures at specific strains in an oscillation cycle. Thus, nonlinear rheology of doughs with various gluten subfractions in MAOS and LAOS regions as well as shear thickening characteristic of starch suspensions with changing amylopectin/amylose ratio interpreted by the SPP method gave more sensitive results than the FTC method. The application of fundamental knowledge from this work can be a guide to evaluating the architecture and nonlinear rheology of food for the assurance of consumer acceptancy and the fabrication of efficient machinery by building more accurate mechanical models of complex food systems. </p>