Orientador: Antônio Roberto Esteves / Banca: Maria de Fátima Alves de Oliveira / Banca: Romulo Monte Alto / Banca: Silvina Liliana Carrizo / Banca: Meritxell Hernando Marsal / Resumo: O presente trabalho busca observar como dois intelectuais contemporâneos, Mario Vargas Llosa (1936- ) e Antonio Cornejo Polar (1936-1997), leem a identidade cultural do homem peruano e, por extensão, latino-americano, baseados nas narrativas de José María Arguedas (1911-1969). Ao cotejar os fundamentos teóricos que condicionam as leituras por eles desenvolvidas, percebe-se uma notável divergência entre o discurso de ambos, fato que tem servido de base para justificar o suposto antagonismo de suas ideias. De um lado, o escritor Vargas Llosa considera que o romance arguediano nega a realidade a que faz referência, uma vez que a imagem do homem andino por ele representada parece plasmar mais os fantasmas e as obsessões do próprio Arguedas do que a identidade cultural conformada no Peru em fins do século XX. Por outro lado, Cornejo Polar, ao investigar a obra arguediana em função das relações que esta estabelece com o contexto heterogêneo e conflituoso em que foi produzida, reitera que o sujeito nela retratado expressa plasticamente, tanto em sua subjetividade quanto em seu discurso, as mesmas oscilações, ambiguidades e contradições do meio em que está inserido. Assim, valendo-se do confronto entre as duas abordagens teóricas, esse trabalho defende que, por detrás das discrepâncias ideológicas que determinam a análise de cada um dos críticos, há uma correspondência que os aproxima. É, pois, com base nos pontos de contato verificados entre ambas as leituras críticas que objetiva-se descontruir a ideia da suposta oposição entre Cornejo Polar e Vargas Llosa, a fim de confirmar a complementaridade de seus estudos, os quais contribuem de maneira contundente para iluminar os diferentes níveis do multifacetado universo fictício de Arguedas / Abstract: El presente trabajo busca observar como dos intelectuales contemporáneos, Mario Vargas Llosa (1936- ) y Antonio Cornejo Polar (1936-1997), leen la identidad cultural del hombre peruano, y por extensión, latinoamericano, a partir de las narrativas de José María Arguedas (1911-1969). Si nos fijamos en los fundamentos teóricos que condicionan las lecturas desarrolladas por los críticos, es posible advertir una notable divergencia entre ambos, hecho que ha servido de base para justificar el supuesto antagonismo de sus ideas. De un lado, Vargas Llosa considera que la novela arguediana niega la realidad a que se refiere, por lo que la imagen del hombre andino en ella representada semeja plasmar más los fantasmas y las obsesiones del mismo Arguedas que la identidad cultural conformada en el Perú en fines del siglo XX. Por otro lado, Cornejo Polar, al investigar la obra arguediana en función de las relaciones que la esa establece con el contexto heterogéneo y conflictivo en que ha sido producida, reitera que el sujeto en ella retratado, expresa plásticamente, tanto en su subjetividad como en su discurso, las mismas oscilaciones, ambigüedades y contradicciones de su entorno. Así, partiendo del confronto entre los dos abordajes teóricos, ese trabajo defiende que, por detrás de las discrepancias ideológicas que determinan el análisis de cada uno de los críticos, hay una correspondencia que les acerca. Es, pues, basándonos en los puntos de contacto verificados entre ambas las lecturas críticas que objetivamos desconstruir la supuesta oposición entre Cornejo Polar y Vargas Llosa, para confirmar la complementariedad de sus estudios, los cuales, contribuyen de manera contundente para iluminar los diferentes niveles del multifacético universo ficticio de Arguedas / Doutor

Os movimentos pela emancipação na América marcaram-na sobremaneira no início do século XIX, pelas conjunturas que levaram à formação dos novos países e também pelas disputas políticas e conflitos armados. Focos de luta surgiam simultaneamente por todo o continente, propiciando a concepção de inúmeros projetos políticos que propunham caminhos diversos para os jovens países. Na América do Sul, leste e oeste experimentam as dificuldades e alimentam as esperanças de sonhar com um mundo novo, opondo-se francamente ao colonizador, seja ele espanhol ou português, enquanto constroem as bases das novas nações. Dentre os idealizadores das novas nações, estavam Francisco de Miranda, Bernardo Monteagudo e José Bonifácio, cada qual buscando, a seu modo, uma direção que levasse as suas Américas à modernidade e à liberdade. Em seus textos, são tratadas diversas questões que desafiam a constituição dos novos Estados, entre elas a delimitação de uma unidade territorial, a construção de uma identidade própria e a definição de uma forma justa de governo, indagações comuns a outros tantos pensadores da época. Por conta disso, tais pontos norteiam, a partir da comparação entre as percepções de cada um dos três autores, esta análise das aproximações e distanciamentos de suas formas de pensar, aparentemente tão diferentes entre si. Assim, acredita-se ser possível encontrar aspectos que levem a uma compreensão da circulação de ideias na América do Sul deste período, indo além do tradicional entendimento de que os processos nas porções espanhola e portuguesa foram díspares em sua essência. / Emancipation movements in America have profoundly scarred the continent in the beginning of the 19th century, for conjunctures which led to the establishment of new countries as well as political disputes and armed conflicts. Uprisings simultaneously rose all over the continent, encouraging innumerous political projects to put forward an array of paths to the newborn countries. In South America, East and West underwent difficulties and nurtured hope of dreaming of a new world, frankly opposing colonizer, Spanish or Portuguese, whilst building new nations foundations. Amid the new nations idealizers were Francisco de Miranda, Bernardo Monteagudo and José Bonifácio, each one looking, by their own means, for a direction that could lead to modernity and freedom. In their corpora, the authors examine several issues that challenge those new States shaping, among which the delimitation of a territorial unity, building self identity and establishing a fair form of government, queries that are shared amongst so many other thinkers at that time. Because of that, the aforementioned points steer, based on the comparison of the perceptions of each of the three authors, this analysis of approximations and distancing of their way of thinking, apparently quite different to each other. That way, we believe that it is possible to find some aspects which take us to a new comprehension of the circulation of ideas in that period South America, outreaching the traditional understanding which states that the political emancipation processes in Spanish and Portuguese regions were disparate in their essence.

This study examined parent engagement, child engagement, and quality of problem solving in a sample of families engaged in a trial of parent management training intervention. Data were collected for treatment and control groups at preintervention and 2, 4, and 6 months after the initial assessment. Variables in this study were measured utilizing a global coding scheme used to categorize parent-child behavioral observations. The coding scheme was developed by Forgatch, Knutson, and Mayne. Preliminary analyses led to scale changes due to lack of variance in observations. Results show that treatment group showed a gain in problem solving skills at T2; however those gains were not retained at T3. There was a gain between T3 and T4. The control group showed an increase at T4 from baseline in problem solving skills. Both parent and child engagement decreased for both groups, with the lowest time point occurring at T3.

The purpose of this study is to explore the barriers Latino family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s may experience, and evaluate methods to increase the utilization of these services among the population. The researcher conducted face-face interviews with staff members that have observed the underutilization and provide feedback on method on reaching this particular population. The results of the interviews were transcribed to written form, and then analyzed to identify and label themes. The following four major themes emerged. These themes were: 1) culture 2) language barriers 3) fear 4) lack of knowledge of diagnosis. The potential impact of this study is to find ways to reach out to the Latino population, and provide accurate viable information and services to this particular population. This will continue to further the outreach in social work practice for the Latino population.

The research presented on this paper examined the impact that the number of barriers have towards the delay in getting treatment among the Latino population. Participants (N=31) at Family Solution Collaborative, answered questions presented to them via a self-administered questionnaire that contained questions that examined types of barriers and how they impact mental health services. An independent sample t-test was conducted assessing generation status and the sum of perceived barriers. A Pearson correlation, design was used, for the purpose of searching for a relationship between the number of years in the U.S. and age with the sum of perceived barriers. Results for all test conducted showed no significance between all variables. In conclusion, although findings for this study did not support past research it is important to address the limitations to continue to develop culturally appropriate programs to help reduce the disparity of Latinos within mental health services.

The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral aspects and socialization of the cultural value of respeto in a community sample of Mexican immigrant mothers and fathers and their Mexican and Mexican American children. Cultural values are socialized in children from a very young age through parenting practices so that children learn and engage in behaviors that are culturally relevant within their culture. Respeto is a cultural value that the literature suggests is one of the most important values in Latina/o communities, especially of Mexican origin individuals. Recommendations have been set forth from many fields including education, mental health, and health to take into account this cultural value in order to optimally engage Latinas/os in treatments. Cultural values have been successfully incorporated in evidenced-based treatments, such as cultural adaptations, but further examination and understanding of cultural values at a deeper level is needed in order to engage in culturally competent treatments and interventions. To understand and examine respeto, two scales were developed from the literature, community experts, and psychologist experts to capture children’s behavioral aspects of respeto and how parents socialize this value in them. Behavioral observations were coded to capture children’s display of respeto behaviors when they were interacting with their mothers and fathers. In addition, the socialization of respeto behaviors were coded for both mothers and fathers. Children displayed more respeto behaviors to their fathers than to their mothers. There were no gender differences in displays of respeto behaviors or socialization of respeto by mothers or fathers. Respeto and socialization were not related to child outcomes. The only significant finding from the primary analyses was a significant correlation between parent sex and child display of respeto, with fathers experiencing more respeto than mothers, t(52) = 2.714, p = .009, d = 0.753. One of the limitations was that this was a prevention sample and future research should examine children with a broader range of behavioral problems.

This study examines how the migration experience affects the mental health status of recent Asian and Latin American/Caribbean immigrants. It analyzes the relationship between stress among immigrants and their adaptation patterns. Specifically, this study focuses on the psycho-social transition processes associated with migration, examining how disruption of cultural norms, and restructured lifestyle may lead to stress, or other mental health difficulties. In addition, this study highlights "transnationalism," a newly defined adaptation pattern of recent immigrants, especially among Latin immigrants. It focuses on "transnational activity" as a potential mediator of the relationship between immigration stressors and mental health outcomes among recent migrants from Asia and Latin America/Caribbean countries. Previous research has been largely dedicated to two aspects of immigrants' mental health status, post-traumatic stress disorder and acculturative related stress. This study includes both aspects, focusing on both the context of exit and the context of reception to analyze the factors associated with immigrants' mental health problems. Based on previous research, this study incorporates various theories and concepts, including stress theory, acculturation theory, the life course perspective and transnationalism to establish a synthetic model to explain mental health problems. Using the first wave data from New Immigrant Survey, this study includes a broad range of variables, employs logistic regression to examine the effects of pre-migration experiences and post-migration trajectories on symptoms of depression and distress among Asian and Latin American/Caribbean immigrants. Statistical results show that in general Asian immigrants have slightly better mental health than Latino/Caribbean immigrants. Socioeconomic status, gender, pre-migration persecution, social support, acculturation, transnationalism, and sub-ethnicity all predict symptoms of depression among immigrants with the exception of the age at arrival in the U.S. The effects of factors examined in this study vary slightly across ethnic groups. Future research should use longitudinal data in order to track the long-term effects and the patterns of immigrants' incorporation and their mental health status. In addition, the development of more synthetic theories and key concepts are suggested to better understand how the post migration trajectories of each sub-ethnic group within Asian and Latino/Caribbean immigrants' populations are related with their mental health status.

The intersection of race, rhetoric and public policy, particularly pertaining to Latino politics, is a growing area of development. Albeit historically, most immigrants to America faced similar questions of cultural and linguistic allegiance, the case regarding Latinos is unique. Given their continual demographic growth, now occupying the nation’s largest “minority” group, much political debate and commentary has arisen regarding the nations state of national unity and identity. For instance, is there a negative correlation between increasing levels of Latino immigration and the stability of the English language as lingua franca? Alternatively, does increasing levels of Latino immigration threaten the sustainability of “American” values and beliefs? Named and defined as a policy “problem,” Latinos, Latino immigration and the Spanish language have become framed as policy “problems” needing solutions. In efforts to unpack this rhetorically rich debate over national identity, race, culture and language, the canon of invention is analyzed insofar as the creation of Latinos as policy “problems,” with close attention drawn also toward policy makers supposed “solutions.” Engaged in both past and present attempts toward declaring English the national language on both the state and federal level, this project largely concerns itself within the 2006 Senate English as the national language debate, along with the growth of one of the nation’s most out-spoken limited-immigration, English-only proponents, Tom Tancredo.

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the factors that increase risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Latinos. Although the overall rates of psychiatric disorders in the Latino community are similar to Caucasian Americans, the risk for PTSD among Latinos is higher. This thesis discusses the general components of trauma and stress, as well as the prevalence of PTSD in various Latino subgroups. This thesis also covers a number of cultural-specific values, stressors, and help-seeking attitudes that increase the risk of PTSD among Latinos. Moreover, a culturally-responsive intervention program treating PTSD among Latinas who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) is proposed.

The lack of educational attainment among Latino youth, as evidenced by high school dropout rates, is a growing and costly problem that affects not only Latinos but society as a whole. Using a sample of 139 middle school Latino students, primarily of Mexican descendant, the current study used cluster analysis to identify a typology of students based on their educational aspirations, expectations, and perceived academic competence. Three distinct profiles emerged: a college-bound-congruent group with college aspirations and similar college expectations, and high academic confidence; a college-bound-incongruent group with college aspirations but vocational expectations, and medium academic confidence; and a vocational-bound congruent group with vocational or technical school aspirations and similar expectations, and low academic confidence. Students’ relationship with teachers was a factor that helped differentiate students across the different profiles. Relationships with parents and peers were not. Students’ gender, immigration status, and ethnic identity did not contribute to the differences in profiles. The findings suggest that future educational profiles of middle school Latino students are an important component of a comprehensive “early warning system” that could help identify students who may be at risk of dropping out school.