Cette thèse porte sur les contenus d’enseignement et d’apprentissage de l’école maternelle. Présentée par Reuter (dir. 2007 : 45) comme renvoyant « à des choses aussi diverses que les savoirs, les savoir-faire ou les compétences qui sont les objets d’enseignement et/ou d’apprentissage les plus immédiatement identifiables dans un système didactique, mais aussi des valeurs, des pratiques, des “rapports àˮ, voire des comportements ou des attitudes. », la notion de contenus a été approchée à partir de trois corpus issus de différents espaces : l’espace de prescription (textes officiels), l’espace de recommandation (ouvrages généraux sur l’école maternelle et livres axés sur un champ disciplinaire particulier) et celui de pratiques (transcriptions de séances de classes). Les analyses menées à l’aide d’outils relevant de la linguistique (analyse de discours) et de différentes didactiques disciplinaires ont permis de mettre en relief, entre autres, une différence au sein de l’organisation structurelle des contenus présentés par les instructions officielles (organisation par thèmes et selon les domaines d’activités). De plus j’ai noté la pérennité de contenus tels que les savoirs et savoir-faire au cours de l’histoire de l’institution ainsi que l’apparition dans les années 1990 de nouveaux contenus , à savoir les compétences, la prise de conscience et “rapport àˮ). Par ailleurs, il existerait un lien entre ces différentes catégories et l’inscription disciplinaire des contenus. / This thesis focuses on teatching and learning contents in nursery school. For Reuter it refers « to such diverse things as knowledge and know-how or skills (both are teaching and/or learning contents immediately identifiable in a training system), values and practices, the « relationships to/with », and even behaviours and attitudes »To study the notion of content we based our research on a corpus of documents from three different sources : official texts, books on nursery school and specific academic fields, and transcripts of actual classroom sessions.Analyses carried out using tools from linguistic and academic training fields have highlighted a different structural organisation of contents in official texts (organisation by topics and by fields of activity). The analyses also revealed the continuity of knowledge and know-how contents throughout the history of nursery school, as well as the emergence of new contents (skills, awareness and relationships to/with ) in the 90'. Furthermore, there is a link between these categories and the location of contents in academic fields.

Abstract This study explores the degree of preparedness for studying at Universities of Applied Sciences that is provided by the content of mathematics curricula in upper secondary schools from the viewpoint of engineering students. The theoretical framework is based on learning objectives and a view of mathematics. I categorized mathematical contents in upper secondary school from the point of view of engineering studies. Students defined important knowledge and skills as learning objectives and evaluated how well they were achieved in upper secondary schools from the standpoint of engineering studies. The view of mathematics is based on students’ descriptions of their experiences with mathematics and of themselves as students of mathematics in upper secondary school with respect to engineering studies. The empirical data consist of surveys (N = 222), initial mapping of attitudes (N = 65) and thematic interviews (N = 14). The research problem was approached through mixed research methods. The quantitative data were analyzed with basic statistical methods and students’ accounts of their experiences were examined using a qualitative narrative research method. The narratives were analyzed holistically and categorically focusing on content. According to the engineering students, they felt they should learn how to apply basic algebra and geometry, differential calculus and also equations - the so-called key components of upper secondary school syllabi. These learning objectives were accomplished well in compulsory mathematics courses in the advanced syllabus, but not as well in the basic syllabus. Students experienced mathematics in upper secondary school as instrumentalist and formal. The advanced mathematics syllabus demanded more work with numerous procedures, whereas the basic syllabus required a better understanding of word problems. Even a portion of advanced mathematics provided a good foundation for engineering studies. Supplementing compulsory courses in the basic syllabus with specialized or applied courses created an opportunity to succeed. By combining the advanced and basic syllabi and adding more practical problems, upper secondary school mathematics could provide an even better base for engineering studies. This study can be used for expanding the curricula, designing students’ high school learning paths and supporting teachers’ pedagogical work. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, millaista osaamista lukion matematiikan oppisisältöjen pohjalta rakentuu ammattikorkeakoulujen insinööriopiskelijoille. Teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu oppimistavoitteista ja matematiikkakuvasta. Luokittelin lukion matematiikan oppisisältöjä ammattikorkeakoulujen tekniikan ja liikenteen alan matematiikan opetussuunnitelmien kautta. Insinööriopiskelijat määrittivät kokemustensa perusteella ammattikorkeakouluopintojen kannalta tärkeitä matematiikan tietoja ja taitoja – oppimistavoitteita – sekä arvioivat niiden toteutumista lukiossa. Insinööriopiskelijat kertoivat lukion matematiikkakokemuksistaan sekä arvioivat itseään matematiikan oppijana lukiossa ja osaajana ammattikorkeakoulussa. Näiden pohjalta rakentui insinööriopiskelijan matematiikkakuva. Empiirinen aineisto koostuu insinööriopiskelijoille suunnatusta survey-tutkimuksesta (N = 222), asenteiden alkukartoituksesta (N = 65) sekä teemahaastatteluista (N = 14). Sovelsin mixed methods -tutkimusta. Analysoin kvantitatiivisen aineiston tilastollisten perusmenetelmien avulla. Sovelsin opiskelijoiden kokemuksiin liittyvien kertomusten tarkastelussa narratiivista tutkimusmetodia. Tarkastelin narratiiveja holistisesti sekä kategorisesti keskittymällä sisältöön. Insinööriopiskelijoiden mukaan lukion matematiikassa pitäisi oppia soveltamaan avainsisältöjä (perusalgebra ja -geometria, differentiaalilaskenta sekä yhtälöoppi). Lukion matematiikassa tunnistettiin instrumentalistis-formaalin oppiaineen piirteitä. Pitkä oppimäärä koettiin työläänä proseduurien muistamisena. Lyhyessä oppimäärässä tarvittiin paljon sanallisten tehtävien ratkaisemista, mistä oli hyötyä insinööriopinnoissa. Pitkän oppimäärän osittainenkin suorittaminen näytti muodostavan hyvän pohjan insinööriopintoihin, mutta myös täydentämällä lyhyen oppimäärän pakollisia kursseja syventävillä tai soveltavilla kursseilla oli mahdollista onnistua. Käytännönläheisyyttä lisäämällä ja molempia oppimääriä yhdistämällä oppisisällöistä muodostuisi vieläkin parempi pohja insinööriopintoihin. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää opetussuunnitelmia kehitettäessä, opiskelijan matemaattisen lukiopolun suunnittelussa sekä opettajan pedagogisen työn tukena.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvanizeCR_DISSERT_1_129.pdf: 4699030 bytes, checksum: 92a2d0ec187f09e20c6813a2c78b87bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In contemporary society, distance education is expanding, especially in the offering of courses of initiatory professor training. By the side of possibilities, there is the need to critically reflect on the government decision to finance, and even to incite distance education, as a more economic way to achieve, within different time and space, the greatest quantity of the population, trying to fill the gaps of the Brazilian school education. The research was made in the Biology Bachelor Course offered by the Pernambuco University (UPE), in the context of the Presential Support Pole of the Paraiba State University, located in the city of Campina Grande. Along this study, we intend to analyze the evaluation practice and the instruments of valuation available in the virtual environment of learning (AVA), used by the former professors in the learning evaluation of the contents offered by the reference course. The relevance of the discussion is to reflect about the results of distance education in the initial of the professor training. To perceive the possibilities and limitations concerning the technological resources available at the educational process, especially to the evaluation practice, is primordial in order to comprehend the contents of learning that can be explored by the professors and which is the dialogical relation that is firmed between professor, preceptor and student, in favor of the learning development and an effective and meaningful education. The qualitative research had the symbolic interacionism as a methodological-theoretical approach. We gathered informations through institutional documents, documental records, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Treating and analyzing the data we used the content analysis method (Bardin, 1977). As a theoretical basis, we relied on authors such as Zabala (1998, 1999), Aretio (2002), Hoffmann (2003, 2005), Silva, M. (2003, 2006), Belloni (2006), Luckesi (2008), Silva, J. (2008), Vasconcelos (2008) and Domingos (2009). It was evident the need to reflect about the educational practice of the professors and preceptors responsible for the academic distance learning, concerning the evaluation of the learning contents in a autonomous and innovatory way, identifying its influence in the development of values which are considered vital to a complete professor upbringing. The evaluation in a mediator approach is necessary to the reality of an online classroom, because of its character to promote the improvement of the action of the one who is teaching and the one Who is learning in an interactive, collaborative and cooperative perspective, seeking a transformative praxis. Involved in this formation, the bachelors will be able to promote the development of capacities and skills necessary to the complete learning of theirs future students, certifying the education for life, which is a perspective that includes the knowing, the knowing how to do and how to be, a living being with sustainable relations with the others and with nature / A educa??o a dist?ncia na sociedade contempor?nea vem se expandido, sobretudo na oferta de cursos de forma??o inicial docente. Ao lado das possibilidades, h? necessidade de refletir criticamente sobre a decis?o governamental de financiar e at? incentivar o ensino a dist?ncia como uma maneira mais econ?mica de atingir o m?ximo da popula??o em tempo e espa?o diversos, almejando com isso o preenchimento de lacunas na educa??o escolar brasileira. A pesquisa foi realizada no curso de Licenciatura em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas oferecido pela Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), a partir do contexto do P?lo de Apoio Presencial da Universidade Estadual da Para?ba (UEPB) na cidade de Campina Grande. Neste estudo nos propomos a analisar a pr?tica avaliativa e os instrumentos de avalia??o dispon?veis no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), utilizados pelos professores formadores na avalia??o da aprendizagem dos conte?dos oferecidos pelo curso em refer?ncia. A import?ncia dessa discuss?o ? refletir sobre os resultados do ensino a dist?ncia na forma??o inicial docente. Perceber as possibilidades e limita??es dos recursos tecnol?gicos dispon?veis ao processo educativo, e em especial a pr?tica avaliativa, ? primordial para compreendermos quais os conte?dos de aprendizagem podem ser explorados pelos docentes e qual a rela??o dial?gica que se firma entre professor, tutor e aluno em prol do desenvolvimento da aprendizagem com vistas a uma a??o educativa eficaz e significativa. A pesquisa qualitativa teve a abordagem te?rico-metodol?gica voltada para o interacionismo simb?lico. Reunimos informa??es atrav?s de documentos institucionais, ficha documental, question?rio e entrevista semiestruturada. Para o tratamento e an?lise dos dados utilizamos o m?todo da an?lise de conte?do (Bardin, 1977). Como embasamento te?rico apoiamo-nos entre outros autores, em Zabala (1998, 1999), Aretio (2002), Hoffmann (2003, 2005), Silva, M. (2003, 2006), Belloni (2006), Luckesi (2008), Silva, J. (2008), Vasconcelos (2008) e Domingos (2009). Ficou evidente a necessidade de refletir sobre o redimensionamento da pr?tica educativa dos professores e tutores respons?veis pela forma??o acad?mica a dist?ncia, no que concerne ? avalia??o dos conte?dos de aprendizagem numa perspectiva aut?noma e inovadora, identificando sua influ?ncia no desenvolvimento de valores imprescind?veis ? consolida??o de uma forma??o docente de qualidade. A avalia??o numa abordagem mediadora ? necess?ria para a realidade da sala de aula online pelo seu car?ter de promover a melhoria da a??o de quem ensina e de quem aprende numa perspectiva interativa, colaborativa e cooperativa visando uma pr?xis transformadora. Inseridos nessa forma??o, os licenciandos de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas tornar-se-?o capazes de promover o desenvolvimento de capacidades, compet?ncias e habilidades necess?rias ? forma??o integral dos seus futuros alunos, garantindo o educar para a vida, perspectiva esta que inclui o conhecer, o saber fazer e o saber ser, um ser vivo com rela??es sustent?veis com todos os outros e com a natureza

Au Québec, peu de recherches se sont intéressées à l’expérience scolaire des élèves issus de l’immigration par rapport aux contenus d’apprentissage régis par le programme de formation de l’école québécoise (PFEQ). Ce mémoire vise à décrire cette expérience à partir de leur perception des savoirs transmis à l’école secondaire, plus précisément dans les disciplines suivantes : français (langue d’enseignement), histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté, histoire du Québec et du Canada et de monde contemporain. En guise de cadre d’analyse, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’expérience scolaire de Dubet (Dubet, 1994 ; Dubet et Martuccielli,1996) afin de mettre en exergue la place des savoirs dans l’expérience vécue par les élèves immigrants. Nous inscrivons cette recherche dans une posture épistémologique interprétative. La collecte des données a été réalisée dans une école secondaire à forte diversité ethnoculturelle dans la grande région de Montréal en deux temps. Nous avons d’abord effectué un entretien de groupe semi-dirigé avec quatre enseignants des disciplines de français et d’histoire, ensuite poursuivi avec sept entretiens individuels auprès d’élèves issus de l’immigration en cinquième secondaire. À la lumière des arbres thématiques générés par l’analyse des données recueillies, notre étude révèle que les élèves entretiennent une relation instrumentale avec les contenus d’apprentissage. Ils hiérarchisent les savoirs en fonction de leur utilité tributaire à leurs ambitions et aux conventions sociales et scolaires. Il ressort de cette recherche que les jeunes issus de l’immigration interrogés se positionnent de façon stratégique particulièrement dans le cours de français, langue d’enseignement. D’autre part, nos résultats dévoilent que les élèves issus de l’immigration accordent moins de valeur aux cours d’histoire et qu’ils mettent plutôt de l’avant leurs intérêts et leurs désintérêts vis-à-vis cette discipline. De leur côté, les enseignants interrogés perçoivent aussi la relation de stratégie et de performance chez les élèves de leur milieu scolaire. En conclusion, les connaissances générées par notre étude affichent que les contenus d’apprentissage du programme de formation sont perçus par les élèves issus de l’immigration comme un moyen de mobilité sociale et scolaire. Nous soulignons que ce constat peut être ancré dans le projet migratoire familial de l’élève, mais également lié à l’esprit du temps dans lequel s’inscrit l’école de nos jours. Comme le soulignent les enseignants interviewés, cette relation stratégique avec les savoirs n’est pas particulière aux élèves d’origine immigrée; bien au contraire, elle est aussi présente chez leurs pairs non immigrants. / In Quebec, few studies focused on the pathways of Immigrant students in relation with the Quebec Education Program (QEP) and its learning content. This study aims to describe the experience of immigrant youth and their perception of learnings registered in this program, targeting Français, langue d’enseignement, Histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté, Histoire du Québec et du Canada et Monde contemporain programs. To this end, we mobilized Dubet’s (1994; Dubet and Martuccielli, 1996) School Experience theoretical framework to highlight the place of learning contents in immigrant student’s experience amongst the different aspects governing the school system. We inscribe our research in an interpretative epistemological posture. Our data collect took place in a high density ethnocultural high school in the Greater Montreal area. The data gathering occurred in two stages: initially, we conducted a semi-structured interview with two French and two History secondary school teachers, followed by individual interviews with seven immigrant students in the 11th grade. Emerging from thematic trees constructed from our data, our study reveals that students maintain a strategic relationship with learning contents. They prioritize knowledge based on its relevance to their goals and to social and academic conventions. Our research identified that immigrant students interviewed mobilize a strategic position especially in French class. On the other hand, our study unveils that students from immigrant backgrounds assign less value to history classes and instead emphasize their interests and disinterests in this discipline. Moreover, the interviewed teachers perceive that students have a strategic approach to learning content, focusing on performance. In conclusion, the findings that emanates from this dissertation demonstrate that the learning contents from the Quebec Education Program (QEP) are perceived by immigrant students as a means of social and academic mobility. We outline that this case can be linked not only to the family's migration project but also to the prevailing societal and educational trends. As interviewed teachers stipulate, this strategic relation with learning contents is not exclusive to Immigrant students; rather, it implies all students.