Ungdomar som är placerade inom samhällsvård upplever ofta oron inför tiden de fyller 21 år och kommer att lämna vården. Ofta möter de svårigheter kopplade till övergången från samhällsvården till det självständiga livet beroende på att de inte känner sig tillräckligt förberedda. Ensamkommande flyktingbarn placerade inom HVB-verksameter lämnar också samhällsvården när de fyller 21 vilket medför många risker för dem som grupp. Det kan handla om deras socialanpassning och andra viktiga praktiska färdigheter för att kunna leva som en självständig individ i det svenska samhället. Den här kvalitativ studie handlar om ungdomar som kom till Sverige som ensamkommande flyktingbarn och som kommer i en snar framtid att lämna samhällsvården. Studien riktar sig mot deras upplevelser av hur förberedda de är inför det självständiga livet och vilka faktorer de anser som stödjande, samt hur de ser på framtiden när de kommer att lämna samhällsvården vid 21 års ålder. Resultatet visar att det finns en viss oro inför framtiden beroende på ovissheten inför vad som sker efter att man fyllt 21 och på kunskapsbrister inom vissa viktiga livsområden.

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Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, was stationäre Erziehungshilfe leisten kann, um die sozialen Netzwerke ihrer jungen Klient*innen möglichst gedeihlich und chancenoffen wachsen zu lassen. Dazu wird zunächst die Rolle sozialer Netzwerke für die Sozialisation von Kindern und Jugendlichen analysiert. Als theoretischer Zugang wird die Netzwerktheorie verwendet. Sie erlaubt es, Netzwerke sowie die Mechanismen von Inklusion, Exklusion und Hyperinklusion nicht-normativ zu verstehen. So wird es möglich, das Hineinwachsen eines Kindes in die Gesellschaft nachzuzeichnen, wobei das Entstehen von Lebenschancen als Funktion einer möglichst diversen Netzwerkstruktur verstanden wird. Die netzwerktheoretische Argumentation wird anschließend durch einen sozialpsychologische Seitenblick auf soziale Einbettung ergänzt, bevor ein kurzer Abgleich mit den lebensweltlichen Maximen der bundesdeutschen Erziehungshilfe erfolgt. Nach der theoretischen Einführung folgt eine Zusammenschau bisheriger empirischer Ergebnisse zur Bedeutung von sozialen Netzwerken für die jungen Klient*innen der stationären Erziehungshilfe und für Care-Leaver. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Bedeutung funktionierender Netzwerke kaum hoch genug eingeschätzt werden kann. Abschließend wird nach der Umsetzbarkeit von Netzwerkförderung im erzieherischen Alltag der stationären Hilfen gefragt. Dazu gehört auch, die Einbeziehung externer Ressourcen zu betrachten, wobei die (bislang eher theoretische) Möglichkeit der Nutzung von Patenschaftsmodellen einen besonderen Schwerpunkt bildet.:1. Einleitung 2. Theoretische Zugänge 2.1 Die Netzwerktheorie 2.2 Früheste Sozialisation: Auf dem Weg zur Netzwerkkompetenz 2.3 Netzwerke und Bildungschancen: Netzwerkimmanente Bildungsnarrative 2.4 Netzwerke und Lebenslauf: Habitus und soziales Kapital 2.5 Exkurs I: Der sozialpsychologische Blick auf Netzwerke 2.6 Exkurs II: Der Lebensweltansatz als Maxime der Erziehungshilfen 3. Empirische Befunde 4. Mit und an Klient*innennetzwerken arbeiten 4.1 Klient*innennetzwerkarbeit: Was ist gemeint? 4.2 Erfassung von Klient*innennetzwerken 4.3 WG als Netzwerk: Beziehung, Vertrauen, Übungsfeld – alles auf Zeit? 4.4 Lotsen, Mentoren- und Patenmodelle 4.4.1 Merkmale und Wirkungen 4.4.2 Patenmodelle und stationäre Erziehungshilfe 5. Zusammenfassung Literaturverzeichnis

No / During the past ten years, there has been growing interest in the health needs of young people leaving care in England and Wales. Most such young people leave care between the ages of 16 and 18 and many experience significant problems adjusting to independent living. This article fulfils two objectives. First, it examines the legislative and policy context within which practice towards such young people is now conducted. Second, it deepens our understanding of this policy context by reporting the results of a project on this subject that was undertaken in one local authority district in the north of England in 2005. The project surveyed all young care leavers within the district, analysing their health concerns and experiences. Using postal questionnaires (70 responses), face-to-face interviews (30) and focus groups (two), it sought to provide a clear picture of current needs and to inform future policy action by local health and social care professionals.

No / The present paper uses life course theory to explore the move toward 'independent living' required of young people leaving care in England and Wales. Informal interview contact with 14 young people who had recently left care was maintained over a period of 12-18 months. Biographical stories constructed from field research are used to consider the social and developmental processes of the life course. The contextual analysis formalized within life course theory focused on the social timing and social construction of independence, revealing the way in which important 'invisibilities' may have social and developmental consequences for care leavers.

<p>The purpose of this study is to highlight the situation for youths leaving foster care and entering adult life. The study examines the services provided by the social service in the Stockholm area when a youth is leaving foster care, and if a recent change in the legislation has had any impact on the operating procedures of the social service. The study includes interviews with youths who recently left foster care, as well as information collected from social service offices through a survey, supplemented by interviews with practicing social workers. All the assembled data have been analyzed using Ecological Systems theory with focus on the child perspective and the term significant others. The study shows that the respondent youth have trouble identifying the formal ending with social services, as well as the support they received or were offered. As assembled from the survey, the few supporting services that are being arranged in connection with leaving care are similar between different social service offices. The general opinion is that they offer the required extra support that the new legislation aims to strengthen. The majority of the social service offices has therefore not changed their existing leaving care procedures. In this process, a lot of responsibility tends to be delegated to the foster homes, and due to insufficient resources social workers feel inadequate in those cases were the youth’s need for help is not met by the former foster home.</p>

The purpose of this study is to highlight the situation for youths leaving foster care and entering adult life. The study examines the services provided by the social service in the Stockholm area when a youth is leaving foster care, and if a recent change in the legislation has had any impact on the operating procedures of the social service. The study includes interviews with youths who recently left foster care, as well as information collected from social service offices through a survey, supplemented by interviews with practicing social workers. All the assembled data have been analyzed using Ecological Systems theory with focus on the child perspective and the term significant others. The study shows that the respondent youth have trouble identifying the formal ending with social services, as well as the support they received or were offered. As assembled from the survey, the few supporting services that are being arranged in connection with leaving care are similar between different social service offices. The general opinion is that they offer the required extra support that the new legislation aims to strengthen. The majority of the social service offices has therefore not changed their existing leaving care procedures. In this process, a lot of responsibility tends to be delegated to the foster homes, and due to insufficient resources social workers feel inadequate in those cases were the youth’s need for help is not met by the former foster home.

Holmqvist, L & Niia, K. SOCIETY’S FORGOTTEN CHILDREN. A STUDY OF THE SOCIAL SERVICE’S WORK WITH YOUNG PEOPLE WHO AGE-OUT OF FOSTER CARE. Degree project in Social Work, 15 Credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2017This is an essay dedicated to the young people who has been placed in out-of-home care, and because of their age has to leave their placements to stand on their own. International, as well as swedish research shows that this is a vulnerable group of young people who often both has a broken past and an uncertain future ahead of them, and that many of them has a hard time faring as independent adults. In many other countries, the transitional period these young care leavers goes through when they make their journey to independence is high on the agenda. In Sweden however, this group and their unique situation has gotten very little attention, neither in the legislation, from scientists or from social workers. In Sweden we put in a lot of resources and effort to support children in care, but very little to when it's time for these young people to leave the system. The purpose of this essay has been to find out why this group of young people seems to be invisible in the swedish context. To do that we’ve studied previous research, legislation and conducted interviews with social workers working with these youths. To help analyse our empiricism and find an explanation to the problem, we’ve used theories about the social workers room for manoeuvre, the individualisation of the swedish society and how New Public Management has come to effect the public sector. We’ve found that Sweden’s general and universal laws which puts a big responsibility on the individual, combined with the fact that these young people falls right in the crack between childhood and adulthood -both according to law and in the eyes of the population, are factors that plays a big part in the reasons as to why these young care leavers in Sweden seems to become a “hidden-population”.

No

No / Past research on care leavers has, understandably, tended to focus on those who are in their mid- to late-teens or early 20s. This reflects the profound impact of central and local government policy on those young people. It also reflects their prominence in contemporary analyses of most of the indicators of social exclusion among young people in the UK - unemployment, homelessness and lack of educational qualifications among them. However, some issues affecting adults who grew up in care apply across the life course. One such issue is the access that former care adults have to their child care files. Indeed, as we shall see, this issue has particular importance for many older adults (in their 30s and upwards). Policy and practice in this field has changed significantly during the past 20¿years and there is a growing awareness of the needs of former care adults in this area. Access to such files can be a significant element in the process of seeking to address identity concerns centring around family and childhood experiences. This paper explores some of these identity concerns and analyses how access to care files both reflects such concerns and attempts to address them.