Syftet med min studie har varit att undersöka om fritidshemmet kan utgöra en matematisk lärandemiljö. Jag har studerat vilka aktiviteter som kan eller skulle kunna bidra till att barn utvecklar grundläggande matematiska kunskaper. Dessutom har jag försökt identifiera hinder för fritidshemmet som matematisk lärandemiljö. För att undersöka detta har jag använt mig av deltagande observation som metod samt intervjuer. Datamaterialet har samlats in på två fritidshem i två olika kommuner. Jag har inte haft för avsikt att jämföra dessa fritidshem utan de har båda bidragit till att ge en fördjupad bild av fritidshemmet som matematisk lärandemiljö. Jag har intervjuat en pedagog på varje fritidshem. Studiens resultat visar att fritidshemmet erbjuder ett stort antal matematiska lärtillfällen både i informella och formella aktiviteter. Resultatet visar även på hinder för att matematisk utveckling ska ske på fritidshemmet, bland dessa märks stora barngrupper, bristande planeringstid och bristfälliga lokaler.

Introduction: The benefits of leisure-time physical activity on mental and physical health among older adults are well documented, but few studies have explored the association between depression and leisure-time physical activity within a theoretical framework. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the association between depression and leisure-time physical activity among community-dwelling, Canadian adults aged 65 and older, using a modified version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Method: The present study included a weighted sample of 3,785,145 community- dwelling, seniors aged 65 years or older who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.1). Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the cross-sectional association between depression-related disorders and leisure-time physical activity in the context of chronic physical conditions and psychosocial factors. Results: Older adults reporting depression-related disorders were less likely to participate in leisure-time physical activity after adjusting for relevant psychosocial factors (odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.76 to 0.79, p < 0.001). This association was partially mediated by activity limitations associated with depression-related disorders. Similar results were observed between chronic physical conditions and participation in leisure-time physical activity. Conclusion: Although the present study was unable to identify the temporal relationships among study variables, the results provide clinicians who care for older adults with depression and/or chronic physical diseases with potentially useful information on the benefits of physical activity. They also provide evidence in support of community-based exercise or leisure-time physical activity program for seniors who are physically inactive to prevent chronic mental or physical illnesses and reduced quality of life

Introduction: The benefits of leisure-time physical activity on mental and physical health among older adults are well documented, but few studies have explored the association between depression and leisure-time physical activity within a theoretical framework. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the association between depression and leisure-time physical activity among community-dwelling, Canadian adults aged 65 and older, using a modified version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Method: The present study included a weighted sample of 3,785,145 community- dwelling, seniors aged 65 years or older who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.1). Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the cross-sectional association between depression-related disorders and leisure-time physical activity in the context of chronic physical conditions and psychosocial factors. Results: Older adults reporting depression-related disorders were less likely to participate in leisure-time physical activity after adjusting for relevant psychosocial factors (odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.76 to 0.79, p < 0.001). This association was partially mediated by activity limitations associated with depression-related disorders. Similar results were observed between chronic physical conditions and participation in leisure-time physical activity. Conclusion: Although the present study was unable to identify the temporal relationships among study variables, the results provide clinicians who care for older adults with depression and/or chronic physical diseases with potentially useful information on the benefits of physical activity. They also provide evidence in support of community-based exercise or leisure-time physical activity program for seniors who are physically inactive to prevent chronic mental or physical illnesses and reduced quality of life

As far as the traditional Turkish theater does not refer to any architectural structure / the theater buildings that are built during the nineteenth century are identified with the ideals of modernity and treated as the literally translations of the Western typologies.This study aims to investigate the possbility of a geniune architectural language in the theaters of nineteeenth century Istanbul. While doing this, rather than offering a pure formal analysis,the study concentrates on the cultural panorama of the nineteenth century Istanbul, political and ideological changes, international relations, economic downturn and their impact on theater that starts to appear as a popular leisure time activity of the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

The overall aim with this study is to elucidate outdoor education as an education method and on the basis of that illustration to examine active educators vision on it as a way to motivate students' learning. This study is based on a literature component and a qualitative study through interviews five teachers.The results of the interviews show how to interpret the motivation and how to work with students' motivation. As well as outdoor education as part of the activity.  The interviews show the importance of outdoor education can be to increase students'motivation for learning. They also show the importance of outdoor education is for student learning and test scores have shown the effectiveness of student learning through outdoor education. It's about finding a balance between indoor and outdoor education pedagogy in order to find the motivation factor in its students. / Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att belysa utomhuspedagogik som en undervisningsmetod och utifrån den belysningen undersöka verksamma pedagogers syn på den som ett sätt att motivera elevers lärande. Denna studie bygger på en litteratur del samt en kvalitativ studie i form av intervjuer med 5 pedagoger.  Resultatet av intervjuerna visar hur man tolkar motivation och hur man arbetar med elevers motivation. Samt utomhuspedagogik som en del i verksamheten. Intervjuerna visar på hur viktig utomhuspedagogiken kan vara för att öka elevers motivation till eget lärande. De visar även hur viktig utomhuspedagogiken är för elevers inlärning och provresultat har visat på effektiviteten av elevernas inlärning med hjälp av utomhuspedagogik. Det handlar om att finna en balans mellan inomhuspedagogik och utomhuspedagogik för att kunna finna motivationsfaktorn hos sina elever.

In 2014, the Swedish leisure-time centres after school became widely criticized on several occasions by school authorities. The cause for its criticism was a reflection of leisure time-centres with lots of untrained staff and a lack of pedagogical aspirations. The conclusion of the criticism was that these leisure-time centres do not fulfil their potential. However, these assessments has only to a limited extent become a part of the public educational discourse in Sweden. This discourse has mainly focused on the decreasing results in the Swedish school, which has caught the attention in the media and ended up on the political agenda. The flaws in the leisure-time centres have been far more overlooked and its function has been unclear. This study explores representations of the leisure-time centres and its missions and aims. It also examines how after-school teachers and their skills, duties and attributes are represented. This has been done by studying descriptions of the leisure-time centres in three different municipalities and 154 recruitment ads for after-school teachers. The results of these data collections shows a dominant cooperative discourse, where many of the leisure-time centres and the after-school teachers most important tasks and assignments is more to be found in school activities rather than at the leisure-time centres. The conclusion of the study is that the leisure-time centres have lost its value-based core and instead its function has been integrated as a resource center in school to make sure that the aims for school is to be achieved. That has transformed the after-school teacher into a flexible employee, which constantly has to be prepared for and have a positive approach to new circumstances.

This study analyses differences between student groups at Umeå University, Sweden, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. It analyses student study situations, students’ experience of the university environment, students’ exercise and sports activities, and connections between study and leisure-time activities. The study owes much to Bourdieu’s Homo Academicus (English edition 1988), and his theories of cultural reproduction, social structures and habitus, and focuses on students from the subject areas teacher education, natural sciences, humanities and sports. Attention is also given to family backgrounds and female/male variance. The data were collected in 1994-1995, with the aid of 782 questionnaires and 64 interviews. The results show differences between students at the two universities in terms of study time, parents’ education and leisure activities and part-time jobs. Students in the studied groups, differ in many respects. The groups have distinct characteristics in terms of, for example, age and sex ratios. The students’ family backgrounds are also divergent, depending on which discipline the student belongs to. These variations between disciplines are found at both universities. Physical activities (action sports) are popular activities, at both universities. Women and men exercise in different ways, although they might have a similar social situation. The scientific methodology of Bourdieu is also discussed in the study. In sum, the results indicate that there are sub-fields within the university. Individuals with different conditions and habitus, to use Bourdieu’s terminology, inhabit these sub-fields.

Bakalauro darbe analizuojama 8 klasių moksleivių požiūris į sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą ir aktyvų laisvalaikį. Svarbiausia buvo išsiaiškinti sveikatos, fizinio aktyvumo, aktyvaus laisvalaikio aspektus. Nustatyti 8 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą, aktyvų laisvalaikį. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Šiaulių mieste 2013 metais. Tyrime dalyvavo iš vis 180 respondentų, 108 vaikinai, 72 merginos, iš 8 klasių, kurių amžius svyravo tarp 13-15 metų. Anketą sudarė 29 klausimai, pirmoje anketos dalyje respondentai turėjo pateikti savo demografinius duomenis (lytis, amžius, ūgis, svoris). Antroje dalyje klausimai buvo sudaryti apie sveikatą bei mitybą, paskutinėje dalyje buvo klausiama apie fizinį aktyvumą ir aktyvų laisvalaikį. Šiais klausimai buvo norima išsiaiškinti, kokį poveikį turi fizinis aktyvumas augančiam ir bręstančiam organizmui, ar fizinis aktyvumas turi įtakos respondentų sveikatai, kokiomis aktyvaus laisvalaikio fomomis užsiima tyrimo dalyviai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad moksleivių požiūris į fizinį aktyvumą yra teigiamas: savo sveikatą jie vertina labai gerai arba gerai, tačiau moksleiviai skundžiasi įvairiais negalavimais, kaip galvos skausmai, fizinis išsekimai ir kt. Pastebima, kad moksleivių fizinis aktyvumas yra nepakankamas. Tyrimieji dieną praleidžia gana pasyviai, dažnai sėdi prie kompiuterio, naršo internete, praleidžia laiką pamokose. Tokiomis aktyvaus laisvalaikio formomis, kaip bėgiojimas, važinėjimas dviračiu, dalyvavimas įvairiose sporto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Undergraduate thesis analyzes the 8th grade students approach to health, physical activity and an active freetime. The most important thing was to find out the health, physical activity, leisure elements. Identify 8th classes of students approach to the health, physical activity and freetime. The study was accomplished city of Šiauliai in 2013. In reserch participated 180 respondents 108 boys and 72 girls from 8th classes, whose age fluctuated between 13-15 years. The questionnaire consisted 29 questions. In the first part of the questionnaire, respondents are asked to provide their demographic information, that indicate gender, age, height, weight. The second part of the questionnaire questions were asked about health and nutrition. The main part of the questions about physical activity, freetime, hobbies, favorite activities. This is to find out students attitudes towards physical activity and active freetime activities. The study found that students approach to physical activity are positive, students have a very good and good opinion about their health, but study participants are suffering from various ailments like headaches, physical exhaustion , and so on. It is clear that students physical activity is poor. Participants day spend quite passive, often sitting front of computer, search in the internet, spend time in class. Such active forms of leisure like jogging, riding a bike, participating in various sporting events, competitions , there is no common... [to full text]

There is an increasing awareness that human beings are disconnected from nature. Physical disconnectedness from nature may lead to psychological and spiritual malfunctioning. Those who are aware of this disconnectedness try to compensate by spending leisure time in nature. The urge to go 'back to nature' was the start of ecotourism. The increase in tourist traffic and the concomitant development brings about negative effects, subjecting tourists to disappointment. Development has destroyed the specific experience which the people came for in the first place. Should environmental degradation continue the enriching experiences people have in nature will no longer exist. The preferred outcome for eco tourists is to acquire a sense of spiritual sustenance that could enhance their optimal functioning after experimenting a natural environment. A disregard for sound principles of responsible ecotourism development could result in lost opportunities. The research problem is located in the fact that individuals are seldom aware of their disconnectedness from the natural environment. Secondly, there is a need for more pristine, natural environments where humans can restore their encounters with the nature. Ecotourism development should be sensitive to the tastes of tourists who have as their objectives memorable experiences in natural environments. During this exploratory study, interviews, questionnaires and field observations were used to collect qualitative and limited quantitative data. Findings confirm that human beings are part of nature. Technological progress has led to an indoor lifestyle that causes humans to become disconnected from nature. Disconnectedness also involves a spiritual dimension. To restore a sense of connectedness between human beings and nature, people need to spend time in nature. Ecotourism originated from and exists because of the desire of individuals to reconnect to nature. They fulfil this desire by experiencing unspoilt natural environments, both physically and spiritually. Although a pattern of phases in a nature experience can be distinguished, every individual attaches a personal meaning to the experience. People have satisfying nature experiences in any natural environment. The intensity or fulfilment of such experiences depends on personal perceptions as well as external disturbances, such as litter and inappropriate behaviour. People attach meaning to experiences by structuring them into stories. The more we talk about the nature experience, the more knowledge is added to it. Consequently the experience becomes powerful, adding quality to people's lives and relationships. In this regard, aspects of rituals, metaphors and symbols, as well as spiritual experiences, play a significant role in the meaning people find in natural environments. / Thesis (Ph.D. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005

There is an increasing awareness that human beings are disconnected from nature. Physical disconnectedness from nature may lead to psychological and spiritual malfunctioning. Those who are aware of this disconnectedness try to compensate by spending leisure time in nature. The urge to go 'back to nature' was the start of ecotourism. The increase in tourist traffic and the concomitant development brings about negative effects, subjecting tourists to disappointment. Development has destroyed the specific experience which the people came for in the first place. Should environmental degradation continue the enriching experiences people have in nature will no longer exist. The preferred outcome for eco tourists is to acquire a sense of spiritual sustenance that could enhance their optimal functioning after experimenting a natural environment. A disregard for sound principles of responsible ecotourism development could result in lost opportunities. The research problem is located in the fact that individuals are seldom aware of their disconnectedness from the natural environment. Secondly, there is a need for more pristine, natural environments where humans can restore their encounters with the nature. Ecotourism development should be sensitive to the tastes of tourists who have as their objectives memorable experiences in natural environments. During this exploratory study, interviews, questionnaires and field observations were used to collect qualitative and limited quantitative data. Findings confirm that human beings are part of nature. Technological progress has led to an indoor lifestyle that causes humans to become disconnected from nature. Disconnectedness also involves a spiritual dimension. To restore a sense of connectedness between human beings and nature, people need to spend time in nature. Ecotourism originated from and exists because of the desire of individuals to reconnect to nature. They fulfil this desire by experiencing unspoilt natural environments, both physically and spiritually. Although a pattern of phases in a nature experience can be distinguished, every individual attaches a personal meaning to the experience. People have satisfying nature experiences in any natural environment. The intensity or fulfilment of such experiences depends on personal perceptions as well as external disturbances, such as litter and inappropriate behaviour. People attach meaning to experiences by structuring them into stories. The more we talk about the nature experience, the more knowledge is added to it. Consequently the experience becomes powerful, adding quality to people's lives and relationships. In this regard, aspects of rituals, metaphors and symbols, as well as spiritual experiences, play a significant role in the meaning people find in natural environments. / Thesis (Ph.D. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005