"Lithium ion batteries have dominated the portable electronics market and have the potential to dominate large-scale battery applications including hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as grid storage, because of their high energy and power densities1,2. It is well known that conventional electrolytes show poor anodic stabilities above 4.5 V versus Li/Li+.3 As a result, high voltage electrolytes are essential for the development of next generation high energy lithium ion batteries. Both fluorinated electrolytes and additives can be introduced into the electrolyte system.4 In this work, fluorinated electrolytes were used in both graphite-LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) (operated between 3.0 - 4.6 V) and graphite- LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) (operated between 3.5 - 4.9 V) full cell systems. The baseline electrolyte for all cells (referred to as Gen2) was composed of 1.2M LiPF6 dissolved in a mixture of EC and EMC (3:7 in weight ratio). After a series of electrochemical tests, compared to the baseline electrolyte, the fluorinated electrolytes displayed significantly enhanced performance under both high cut off voltage and high temperature (55 oC). The post test analysis results showed that the cycled electrode can not only reach a much more stable interface but also overcome the crystal structure change after long term cycling when the fluorinated electrolyte system was used. In addition to changing the solvent, a series of additives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for high-voltage Li-ion battery cells using a Ni-rich layered cathode materials LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523). The repeated charge/discharge cycling for NCM523/graphite full cells using Gen2 with 1 wt % of these additives as electrolytes was performed. Electrochemical performance testing and post analysis result demonstrated that our as selected or designed cathode additives could passivate the cathode and prevent the cathode from side reactions. The developed methodology could provide fundamental direction in the design and investigation of better electrolytes for the next generation lithium ion batteries."

<p>U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji ispitivani su elektroliti na bazi jonskih tečnosti pogodni za<br />primenu u litijum&nbsp; jonskim baterijama. Fizičko-hemijska svojstva binarnih sme&scaron;a<br />jonskih tečnosti sa dicijanamidnim i bis(trifluorometilsulfonil)imidnim anjonima i<br />molekulskih rastvarača ispitana su u celom opsegu molskih udela i na različitim<br />temperaturama. Na osnovu izmerenih gustina, viskoznosti i električne provodljivosti<br />izračunati su različiti fizičko hemijski parametri i diskutavne interakcije između komponenata sme&scaron;a. Ispitana je termička i elektrohemijska stabilnost odabranih<br />elektrolita. Dodatkom litijumove soli u odabrane binarne sme&scaron;e dobijeni su ternarni<br />sistemi koji su okarakterisani u zavisnoti od koncentracije litijumove soli. Odabrani<br />elektroliti upotrebljeni su za&nbsp; ispitivanje performansi litijum&nbsp; jonske ćelije sa anatas<br />TiO2&nbsp; nanotubularnim elektrodama.Cikličnom voltametrijom i galvanostatskim<br />cikliranjem su ispitane performanse ćelije u toku 150 ciklusa punjenja i pražnjenja. Na<br />osnovu ciklovoltametrijskih merenja izračunati su koeficijenti difuzije i energija aktivacije za difuziju.</p> / <p>In this doctoral dissertation, Ion liquid-based electrolytes were tested for use in&nbsp; lithium-ion batteries. The physicochemical properties of binary mixtures of ionic&nbsp; liquids with dicyanamide and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anions and&nbsp; molecular solvents were examined throughout the range of molar proportions and at different temperatures. Based on the measured densities, viscosity and electrical conductivity, various physical chemical parameters and discrete interactions between&nbsp; the components of the mixture are calculated. Thermal and electrochemical stability of selected electrolytes was examined. By addition of lithium salt to the selected binary mixtures, ternary systems were characterized which were characterized by the concentration of lithium salt. The selected electrolytes were used to test the performance of the lithium-ion cell with anatomic TiO2 nanotubular electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling tested the cell&#39;s performance during the 150 charge and discharge&nbsp; cycles. Based on cyclotoltametric&nbsp; measurements, the diffusion coefficients and activation energies for diffusion were calculated.</p>

吳家聰. / "2010年5月". / "2010 nian 5 yue". / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Wu Jiacong. / 摘要：潛移默化的福音´ؤ´ؤ李清詞牧師的學校宗教教育理念的探討 --- p.2 / 鳴謝 --- p.4 / 目錄 --- p.5 / Chapter 1 --- 引言 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1 --- 本文所硏究的範圍及其進路 --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- 李清詞的成長路 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- 經歷人的無助 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- 特殊的禱告經驗 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- 學校的關愛 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- 有興趣追尋信仰 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- 獻身教育 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.6 --- 培養「非以役人，乃役於人」的意識 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.7 --- 步向教育工作 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.8 --- 修讀神學之路 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.9 --- 校牧之路 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.10 --- 小結 --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- 李清詞的宗教教育理念 --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- 對宗教教育的看法 --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 對學校宗教活動的看法 --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- 對校內重要人物的定位 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 校長和老師 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 校牧 --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- 「每校一校牧」之原則 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- 堂校牧養理念 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- 教會為何辦學？ --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 教會需要堅持辦學嗎？ --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 教會辦學的方針 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小結 --- p.41 / Chapter 4 --- 結論´ؤ´ؤ李清詞的宗教教育理念評檢 --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- 生平與成長關係 --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- 中華基督教會香港區會的願景 --- p.44 / Chapter 5 --- 附件1 ：教育主日宣言（90年代至今） --- p.50 / Chapter 6 --- 參考資料 --- p.51

何碧琪. / "2001年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 126-144) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 8 yue" / He Biqi. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 126-144) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 緒言 --- p.1 -3 / 目錄 --- p.4-5 / Chapter 上卷： --- 宋以來隸書觀念的建立與變遷 / Chapter 第一章： --- 宋至晚明的隸書發展與觀念 --- p.6 -17 / Chapter 第一節： --- 金石文字硏究與鑑古之風熾熱下之宋元隸書 / Chapter 第二節： --- 帖學盛行下之明代隸書 / Chapter 第二章： --- 明末淸初有利於淸代隸書發展的文化社會氛圍 --- p.18-30 / Chapter 第一節： --- 傅山等書論及書評導致審美觀的轉變 / Chapter 第二節： --- 金石學之復興及影響 / Chapter 第三節： --- 康熙時代博學鴻詞科促進南北書學交流 / 小結 / Chapter 第三章： --- 康熙雍正年間(1662-1735)書家流派的雛形 --- p.31 -54 / Chapter 第一節： --- 明代正統的餘韻 / Chapter 第二節： --- 明季遺民書家復古革新傳統的拓展 / Chapter 第三節： --- 金石學者書家的先導 / Chapter 第四節： --- 碑學書家的學碑原則 / 小結 / Chapter 下卷： --- 淸代隸書的確立 / Chapter 第四章： --- 乾隆嘉慶時代(1736-1820)江浙地區的隸書發展 --- p.55-95 / Chapter 第一節： --- “¯‘ة個性´ح畫家及篆刻家書家的發展及地方特色 / Chapter 1. --- 乾隆前半期江蘇的揚州畫家書家 / Chapter 2. --- 乾隆後半期至嘉慶時期的浙江篆刻家書家 / Chapter 第二節： --- “重學問´ح學者書家的發展 / 小結 / Chapter 第五章： --- 伊秉綬的隸書風格與時代意義 --- p.96-125 / Chapter 第一節： --- “重學問´ح與“¯‘ة個性´ح書家的相繼薰陶 / Chapter 第二節： --- 伊秉綬書法的師承及金石學興盛對其隸書的影響 / Chapter 第三節： --- 伊秉綬隸書反映的文化特徵 / 參考書目 --- p.126-144 / 附錄一 明代以前至淸中期漢隸碑刻出土年表 --- p.1-1-10 / 附錄二 淸代隸書傳世作品目錄及收藏表 --- p.2-1-42 / 附錄三 順治至嘉慶隸書書家簡介 --- p.3-1-9 / 附錄四 伊秉綬年表 --- p.4-1-8 / 附錄五 伊秉綬隸書作品目錄 --- p.5-1-11 / 附錄六 正文附圖（圖版l.l-5.40b) --- p.6-1-79 / 伊秉綬隸書作品（圖版1 - 97)及印輯 --- p.6 -80-102

No description available.

Em trabalhos anteriores, mostrou-se que uma nanoemulsão lipídica denomi-nada LDE após injeção endovenosa, em pacientes com carcinoma mamário e outros tumores sólidos concentra-se nos tecidos neoplásicos e pode direcionar especificamente agentes quimioterápicos ao tumor. Estudos clínicos mostraram que a LDE diminui acentuadamente os efeitos tóxicos desses agentes e em estudos com animais de experimentação não reduz seus efeitos antitumorais. No presente estudo, testamos a hipótese de a LDE injetada por via locorregional poderia concentrar-se no tumor de mama e nos linfonodos axilares da mama comprometida, visando futuras aplica-ções do sistema na quimioterapia neoadjuvante desse tumor. Três técnicas de injeção da LDE foram testadas em pacientes com carcinoma de mama avançado com tratamento cirúrgico pré-programado. A LDE marcada com colesterol radioativo foi injetada 12 horas antes da cirurgia, nas pacientes divididas em três grupos: Grupo 1 (G1, n=4): LDE injetada no parênquima mamário, a 5 cm da lesão ; Grupo 2 (G2, n=4): LDE injetada na região peri-tumoral; e Grupo 3 (G3 n=6): LDE injetada em região intratumoral. Este grupo foi subdividido em 2: em 2 pacientes realizaram cirurgia 2hs após a injeção da LDE e nas outras 4, 12hs após a injeção da LDE. Quantificou-se a capta-ção da LDE nos fragmentos de tecido tumoral e mamário normal e do linfonodo axilar retirados durante a cirurgia por contagem de radioatividade após extração lipídica dos tecidos. Os resultados evidenciaram que, em G1, houve maior captação da LDE em tecido normal, sugerindo se tratar de metodologia ina-dequada. Em G2, a captação da LDE foi quatro vezes maior no tecido tumo-ral do que no tecido normal, próximo, portanto, dos valores encontrados em estudos anteriores que utilizaram a injeção da LDE por via hematológica. Em G3, o valor médio de captação da LDE foi 53 vezes maior no tecido tumoral (>75%), com mínima captação pelo tecido mamário normal (<8%). A injeção intratumoral da LDE mostrou-se, portanto, metodologia ainda superior à inje-ção da LDE por via endovenosa para a utilização efetiva dessa nanoemulsão como terapia-alvo em tumores primários de mama. / In previous work had showed that a lipidic nanoemulsion called LDE after intravenous injection in patients with breast carcinoma and others solid tumors focuses in the neoplasic tissue and can target especially chemotherapist agents to the tumors. Clinical studies showed that LDE decreases the toxic effects of those agents and in studies with experimental animals don\'t reduce yours antitumoral effects. In the present study, we had test the hypothesis of the LDE injected by locoregional could focuses in the breast tumor and in the axillary lymph node of the compromised breast, targeting future applications of the system in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of this tumor. Three techniques of injection of the LDE had test in patients with advanced breast carcinoma with sirurgic treatment pre-programmed. The LDE marked with radioactive cholesterol was injected 12 hours before the surgery, in patients divided in three groups: Group 1 (G1, n=4): LDE injected in the breast parenchyma, about 5 cm of the lesion; Group 2 (G2, n=4): LDE injected in the peritumoral region; and Group 3 (G3, n=6): LDE injected in the intratumoral region. This group was subdivided in 2: in 2 patients had realized surgery 2 hs after the injection of LDE and in the others 4 patients 12hs after the injection of LDE. It had quantified the capture of LDE in the fragments of the tumoral and breast tissue and of the axillary lymph node withdrawn during the surgery by counting of radioactive after lipidic extraction of this tissue. The results showed that, in G1, there was greater capture of LDE in normal tissue, suggesting it is an inappropriate methodology. In G2, the capture of LDE was four times higher in the tumoral tissue than in the normal tissue, closer, therefore, of the values found in previous studies that used the injection of LDE by hematology. In G3, the medium value of capture of LDE was 53 times higher in the tumoral tissue (> 75%), with minimum capture by the normal breast tissue (< 8%). The intratumoral injection of LDE showed, therefore, methodology still higher than the intravenous injection of LDE by intravenous for the effective use of this nanoemulsion as therapy target in primary tumors of breast.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics)) --University of Limpopo, 2005 / Self-consistent electronic structure calculations have been performed on ordered cubic-based magnesium-lithium (Mgx-Li1−x) alloys spanning the concentration range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, using an ab initio plane wave pseudopotential (PWP) method. The first principle pseudopotential planewave approach is used within the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized-gradient approximation (GGA)of the density functional theory (DFT) framework. We have calculated the binding energy curves and the systematic trends in various cohesive and elastic properties at zero temperature, as a function of Li concentration. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters show a large deviation from Vegard’s rule in the Li-rich region whilst the bulk moduli decrease monotonically with increase in Li concentration. The heats of formation for different ground state superstructures predict that the DO3, B2 and DO22 structures would be the most stable at absolute zero amongst various phases having the Mg3Li, MgLi and MgLi3 compositions, respectively. This stability is reflected in the electronic density of states (DOS). Because of the special significance of the isotropic bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for technological and engineering applications, we have also calculated these quantities from the elastic constants. The elastic constants indicate the softness of the material as more Li is added with the bcc-based phases becoming mechanically less stable for Li concentration less than 50%. Our results show good agreement within the estimated uncertainty with both experimental and previous theoretical results. / The National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa-Royal Society (RS), Great Britain collaboration and Council for the Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

Face à la raréfaction du pétrole et aux contraintes environnementales fixées dans le cadre du protocole de Kyoto, le domaine des transports tend à évoluer vers des technologies moins consommatrices et moins émettrices de gaz à effet de serre. À ce jour, dans le domaine de l'automobile, une solution technologique fortement envisagée est l'hybridation électrique des véhicules. Le développement de ces véhicules reste néanmoins limité à cause de l'incertitude concernant la durée de vie des batteries. Cette étude porte sur la préparation de tests de vieillissement accélérés et s'articule autour de deux axes : l'évaluation des performances des batteries à un instant de vie donné et la détermination de profils de sollicitations représentatifs de l'usage réel à utiliser pour les tests de cyclage. L'étude se focalise sur deux des technologies les plus prometteuses pour les véhicules hybrides électriques, c.-a-d. le nickel métal hydrure (NiMH) et le Lithium-ion (Li-ion).

<p>The formation of surface films on electrodes in contact with non-aqueous electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries has a vital impact on battery performance. A basic understanding of such films is essential to the development of next-generation power sources. The surface chemistry, morphology and thermal stability of two typical anode and cathode materials, graphite and LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂, have here been evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, and placed in relation to the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. </p><p>Chemical and morphological information on electrochemically formed graphite surface films has been obtained accurately by combining XPS measurements with Ar⁺ ion etching. An improved picture of the spatial organisation, including thickness determination of the surface film and characterisation of individual component species, has been established by a novel sputtering calibration procedure. The stability of the surface films has been shown to depend strongly on temperature and choice of lithium salt. Decomposition products from elevated-temperature storage in different electrolyte systems were identified and coupled to effects such as capacity loss and increase in electrode resistance. Different decomposition mechanisms are proposed for surface films formed in electrolytes containing LiBF₄, LiPF₆, LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂ and LiCF₃SO₃ salts.</p><p>Surface film formation due to electrolyte decomposition has been confirmed on LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ positive electrodes. An overall surface-layer increase with temperature has been identified and provides an explanation for the impedance increase the material experiences on elevated-temperature storage. </p><p>Surface phenomena are clearly major factors to consider in selecting materials for practical Li-ion batteries.</p>

Many poets write about the earth or even about God using the language of nature. And many poets and contemporary authors concern themselves with the state of the environment. However, the poetry of Wendell Berry, James Still, Li-Young Lee, Mary Oliver, and Charles Wright seems to engage different kinds of questions about how humans creatively respond to the earth. Collectively, their responses seem influenced by their connections with Christianity rather than any specific ecological agenda. In all of their poetry lies a sensibility about how humans should interact with the earth. All five of the poets seem to acknowledge humanity’s place on the earth as important without elevating humanity as the most important organism on the earth. Their work presupposes the existence of God or creator and because of this, engages the questions of being human in light of that Creator rather than as creators of their own environment or as the architecture of imagination. Their work offers an important insight into how we might live in harmony with all environments—agricultural, rural, wild or urban. Their work also suggests a connection between the Christian concept of worship, and a way of living that takes responsibility for human actions within creation. Their poetry recognizes the earth’s value as well as God’s presence and results in praise of both the beauty of creation and Creator.