Les jeunes marins que nous sommes amenés à rencontrer dans le cadre de notre activité clinique semblent être dans un balancement entre le désir de voyager et une tendance naturelle à vouloir rester à terre, à proximité de leur famille. Au-delà de la description symptomatologique, qui évoque ce que l’on appelle communément une dépendance affective, définie par le fait que le sujet a des difficultés à s’éloigner de ses repères affectifs, et est en proie, lorsqu’il y est confronté, à la dépression, nous nous sommes demandés si cette dépendance n’était pas en tout point constitutive de la subjectivité humaine. En effet, l’enfant se développe au plan psychique dans une dépendance à la mère, avant de s’autonomiser progressivement, tout en gardant inscrites dans son inconscient les marques de cette dépendance. Qu’est-ce qui, dans ce contexte, invite les marins au voyage ? Dans cette perspective, nous avons, par l’étude de la littérature classique, exploré le déterminisme de ces êtres, tel qu’il a été perçu et décrit par les écrivains au fils des époques. Nous avons découvert chez ces marins un dualisme entre volonté de découverte, d’exploration, et besoin de demeurer sur la terre ferme. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la navigation faisait office de contenant pour le psychisme, et permettait de lutter contre la survenue d’une dépression secondaire à la séparation. Nous avons aussi démontré qu’il existait chez certains de ces marins une réactualisation de la problématique œdipienne. Enfin, nous en avons conclu qu’il s’agissait pour eux de mettre en œuvre, au travers de cette problématique, leur propre rapport à la vie et à la mort. / In our clinical domain, we are bound to come across young sailors who seem torn between a sheer desire to take to sea and a natural attraction to the shore, close to their loved ones. The symptomatogical description, more commonly know as an emotional dependence, refers to the patient's difficulty to move away from his emotional markers and his proclivity to depression in such instance. Our research work has consisted in reflecting on the close link between that very dependence and human subjectivity. Indeed, a child's psychological development depends on the mother, retaining unconscious traces of that dependence while gradually acquiring his autonomy. So we may wonder what attracts sailors to embark on a journey in that particular context. Therefore we have explored the determinism of those beings as felt and described in classical literature. We have found that these sailors waver between exploring the world and staying ashore. We have also highlighted that navigating takes the role of a recipient to the mind/psyche and enables the subject to fight any depression resourcing from separation. We have also shown that some sailors experience a return to an oedipal condition. Finally, we have come to the conclusion that, by means of experience, sailors work through their own relationship to life and death.

NETO, Isaac Vilanova e Silva. A teoria das pulsões em Freud e Lacan: pontos de convergência e de divergência. 2009. 81f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-01-17T14:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_IVESNeto.PDF: 519427 bytes, checksum: 56ce0ee33440e2a9b252f1a8c5173fe9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-03-08T16:26:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_IVESNeto.PDF: 519427 bytes, checksum: 56ce0ee33440e2a9b252f1a8c5173fe9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-08T16:26:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_IVESNeto.PDF: 519427 bytes, checksum: 56ce0ee33440e2a9b252f1a8c5173fe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

A presente dissertaÃÃo A teoria das pulsÃes em Freud e Lacan: pontos de convergÃncia e de divergÃncia tem como objetivo geral estudar a teoria das pulsÃes em Freud e Lacan, identificando o que à comum e o que diverge entre os dois. Os objetivos especÃficos sÃo, quanto a Freud: a) investigar a construÃÃo do conceito de pulsÃo; b) pesquisar a constituiÃÃo da primeira teoria pulsional: pulsÃes sexuais e pulsÃes do eu; c) estudar a formulaÃÃo da segunda teoria pulsional: pulsÃes de vida e pulsÃes de morte. Quanto ao que Lacan concebeu sobre as pulsÃes, visa-se investigar: a) a Ãnfase dada ao imaginÃrio e b) a Ãnfase dada ao simbÃlico. Para a escolha dos textos de Freud, foram consideradas a construÃÃo do conceito de pulsÃo e as primeira e segunda teorias a este respeito. Na seleÃÃo dos textos de Lacan, utilizou-se o critÃrio de periodizaÃÃo de seu ensino sugerido por Miller (1982, 2005). Dentre outros comentadores consultados, citam-se Brousse (1997) e Leite (1996). A pesquisa realizada aponta as seguintes conclusÃes: A grande convergÃncia da teoria pulsional entre os autores deve-se à afirmaÃÃo de nÃo haver uma base comum entre instinto e pulsÃo e por contemplar em suas teorias a dimensÃo do mais alÃm do princÃpio de prazer. A diferenÃa entre os dois psicanalistas procede de uma distinÃÃo epistemolÃgica acerca da pulsÃo: Para Freud, observa-se que âno princÃpio foi atoâ, ou seja, a pulsÃo representa a exigÃncia de trabalho â ato â feita ao psiquismo inconsciente, em decorrÃncia da ligaÃÃo deste com o corpo. Para Lacan, no princÃpio està o verbo. A pulsÃo ($<>D), neste autor, à verbo, linguagem â constituÃda apenas por dois elementos simbÃlicos, o sujeito ($) e a demanda do Outro â e à concebida como o que advÃm da demanda do Outro quando o sujeito aà desvanece. O conceito de fronteira na pulsÃo à abordado a partir de perspectivas diversas nos autores: em Freud, ocorre entre o somÃtico e o mental, e em Lacan, entre a necessidade e a demanda. Nos Ãltimos textos de Lacan, a pulsÃo à um conceito que està na fronteira entre o imaginÃrio, o simbÃlico e o real. Freud trabalha, desde o inÃcio, com um modelo dualista da pulsÃo, e Lacan enfatiza a pulsÃo, fundamentalmente, como pulsÃo de morte. Consequentemente, a libido, para Lacan, està associada à pulsÃo de morte, enquanto que para Freud a libido à a energia de Eros, ou seja, vinculada à pulsÃo de vida. Percebe-se, em Freud, um destaque do aspecto econÃmico da pulsÃo, e sobre este aspecto em Lacan, os autores divergem: alguns dizem que o aspecto econÃmico està presente; outros, que ele foi suprimido. O investigador, no entanto, considera este aspecto apenas mitigado, porquanto presente em alguns textos lacanianos. / The title of the present dissertationry of the drives in Freud and Lacan: points of convergence and divergenceâ. The main objective was to analyze the theory of the drives in Freud and Lacan, identifying the points in which they differ and the points in which they converge. The specific objectives with regard to Freud were to investigate a) the development of the concept of drives, b) the constitution of the first theory of the drives (sex drive and ego drive) and c) the constitution of the second theory of the drives (life drive and death drive). With regard to Lacan, the specific objectives were to study the emphasis given to a) the imaginary, b) the symbolic. Our review of the literature included texts by Freud dealing with the concept of drive and the first and second theory of the drives, and texts by Lacan selected according to Millerâs periodization of Lacanâs teaching (1982, 2005). The works of Brousse (1997) and Leite (1996) were also consulted. The results show that the main convergence between Freudâs and Lacanâs theories of the drives lies in the absence of a common ground between instinct and drive and the acknowledgment of a dimension beyond the pleasure principle. The difference between the two psychoanalysts lies in their epistemological definitions of drive: To Freud, âin the beginning was the actâ, that is, the drive represents the demand of work&#8213;an act&#8213;made to the unconscious mind due its connection with the body. According to Lacan, âin the beginning was the wordâ: Lacan conceives of drive ($<>D) as word, as language, composed of only two symbolic elements&#8213;the subject ($) and the demand of the Other (D)&#8213;and stemming from the demand of the Other when the subject fades away. The concept of frontier is analyzed in light of several of the authorsâ perspectives: in Freud, the frontier separates psyche and soma, while in Lacan it lies between necessity and demand. In Lacanâs last texts, the concept of drive lingers on the frontier between the imaginary, the symbolic and the real. From the beginning, Freud used a dualistic model of the drives, while Lacan emphasizes drive, essentially, as death drive. Thus, to Lacan libido is associated with the death drive, whereas Freud identified libido as the energy associated with Eros and thus related to the life drive. Freudâs emphasis on the economic aspect of the drives counters Lacanâs views: some authors believe the economic aspect is present in Lacan, others think it has been suppressed. Though the aspect has been included in some of Lacanâs texts, the present author nevertheless considers it to have been merely mitigated.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-07T12:17:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulasoarescampos.pdf: 496075 bytes, checksum: d5d3679c1f15801b7d782cd17fb7eb68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:42:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulasoarescampos.pdf: 496075 bytes, checksum: d5d3679c1f15801b7d782cd17fb7eb68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulasoarescampos.pdf: 496075 bytes, checksum: d5d3679c1f15801b7d782cd17fb7eb68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com a impossibilidade de sustentar o primeiro dualismo, Freud se viu diante da ameaça de ter que admitir um monismo pulsional. No entanto, Freud sempre considerou fundamental pressupor um dualismo. Em Além do princípio do prazer (1920), ao refletir sobre a relação entre a compulsão à repetição e a atividade pulsional, ele chega ao conceito de pulsão de morte. Em oposição a esta nova classe de pulsão, Freud apresenta a pulsão de vida e, assim, substitui o primeiro dualismo pulsional. Ambas as classes de pulsões teriam entrado em ação com o surgimento da vida a partir da matéria inorgânica. Enquanto a pulsão de morte buscaria retornar ao estado inorgânico, a pulsão de vida buscaria complexificar a vida, dificultando a morte do organismo. Mas a hipótese do segundo dualismo apresenta uma série de dificuldades, que colocam em questão até que ponto Freud conseguiu sustentá-la. Ele próprio reconhece, na obra de 1920, que o novo dualismo pulsional não apresenta o mesmo grau de certeza que os passos anteriores do desenvolvimento de sua teoria das pulsões. O objetivo deste trabalho é, em primeiro lugar, analisar a teoria apresentada em Além do princípio do prazer e discutir alguns dos principais problemas presentes na argumentação freudiana. Em seguida, procuramos analisar as hipóteses elaboradas por Freud sobre as duas classes de pulsões em textos posteriores, tendo em vista analisar em que medida ele consegue sustentar a primariedade e a independência das duas classes de pulsões no restante de sua teoria. Concluímos que os impasses presente no texto de 1920 não são plenamente solucionados e procuramos apontar as principais questões que permanecem em aberto na teoria freudiana acerca do segundo dualismo pulsional. / With the impossibility of sustaining the first dualism, Freud was faced with the threat of having to admit a drive monism. However, Freud always considered fundamental to assume a dualism. In Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), when reflecting on the relationship between the repetition compulsion and drive activity, he gets the concept of the death drive. In opposition to this new drive class, Freud presents the life drive and, thus, replaces the first drive dualism. Both drive classes would act with the emergence of life from inorganic matter. While the death drive would return to the inorganic state, the life drive would make the life more complex, making the death of the organism harder. However, the second dualism hypothesis presents a number of difficulties which begs the question if Freud was able to sustain this. In his work of 1920, he recognizes that the new drive dualism does not present the same degree of certainty that the previous steps of the development of his theory of drives. The objective here is, first, to analyze the theory presented in Beyond the Pleasure Principle and discuss some of the main problems present in Freud's argument. Then we analyzed the hypotheses developed by Freud regarding the two drive classes in later works in order to analyze how he can sustain the primarity and independence of the two drive classes in the remaining of his theory. We conclude that the impasses in the text of 1920 are not fully solved and we try to point out the main issues that remain open in the Freudian theory about the second drive dualism.