<p>This thesis studies youth from different perspectives. These are the life phaseand the generational perspectives, which have been studied via questions of establishment and individualisation. The main question is whether young people are different because they have not made socially important transitions into adulthood or if they are different because they have grown up under different circumstances than earlier generations. The consequences of the outcome are important because they can indicate what kind of society young people will reproduce. The following conclusions are drawn: First, there are clear effects of social structurations (class of origin and gender) in the lives of young people. They affect the distribution of attitudes towards welfare state expenditures as well as the economic effects in a long-term perspective. Second, there is rather weak importance of role transitions in relation to what young people believe is important for adulthood, role transitions’ importance for the distribution of attitudes towards the welfare state as well as role transitions’ importance in a long-term perspective. Third, increasing age and subtle socialisation processes may be an explanation to the rather weak meaning of role transitions, cause adjustments to surrounding contexts and people’s expectations. It is concluded that the life phase perspective is a more accurate way of viewing young people, mainly because of the impact of social structurations, which are believed to contribute to continuous reproduction rather than complete change of society.</p>

This thesis studies youth from different perspectives. These are the life phaseand the generational perspectives, which have been studied via questions of establishment and individualisation. The main question is whether young people are different because they have not made socially important transitions into adulthood or if they are different because they have grown up under different circumstances than earlier generations. The consequences of the outcome are important because they can indicate what kind of society young people will reproduce. The following conclusions are drawn: First, there are clear effects of social structurations (class of origin and gender) in the lives of young people. They affect the distribution of attitudes towards welfare state expenditures as well as the economic effects in a long-term perspective. Second, there is rather weak importance of role transitions in relation to what young people believe is important for adulthood, role transitions’ importance for the distribution of attitudes towards the welfare state as well as role transitions’ importance in a long-term perspective. Third, increasing age and subtle socialisation processes may be an explanation to the rather weak meaning of role transitions, cause adjustments to surrounding contexts and people’s expectations. It is concluded that the life phase perspective is a more accurate way of viewing young people, mainly because of the impact of social structurations, which are believed to contribute to continuous reproduction rather than complete change of society.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1822472 bytes, checksum: 029afda8692ebb7aa8994936007707fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study focused on the habitat use and foraging activity of juveniles and adults of the parrotfishes S. axillare and S. frondosum (Perciformes: Scarinae) at the Maracajaú Reefs, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The abundance of two species, habitat characteristics, and food availability were recorded along 60 transects (30 m X 2 m). Foraging activity was characterized by 409 direct observations, using "Animal-focal" and "All occurrences" methodologies. Aggregation and agonistic behaviors associated with foraging activity were also recorded. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed differences in the spatial distribution of S. axillare and S. frondosum, and between different life phases. Juvenile parrotfishes exhibited the highest feeding rate (bites/minute) while adult S. frondosum terminal phase individuals showed the lowest number of bites. Juvenile and adult parrotfishes ate more frequently Mixed substrate and Sand, items containing large amounts of sediments and detritus in their composition. Feeding selectivity differed between S. axillare and S. frondosum, as well as in relation to life phases and food availability. Only 23% (n=95) of the individuals were sighted foraging in aggregations, mostly adult S. frondosum which formed large mixed schools, mainly with Scarus trispinosus and Acanthurus chirurgus. Attacks of Stegastes fuscus against parrotfishes constituted 76% of the agonistic behaviors recorded. / Este estudo teve como foco o uso do habitat e a atividade de forrageio de jovens e adultos dos budiões Sparisoma axillare e Sparisoma frondosum (Perciformes: Scarinae) nos recifes de Maracajaú, litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. A abundância das duas espécies, as características do habitat e a disponibilidade de itens alimentares foram registradas ao longo de 60 transecções em faixas (30 m X 2 m). A atividade de forrageio foi caracterizada através de 409 observações diretas, utilizando-se os métodos Animalfocal e Todas as ocorrências . Comportamentos de agregação e agonísticos realizados durante a atividade de forrageio também foram registrados. Através da Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA) observou-se uma distribuição espacial diferenciada entre S. axillare e S. frondosum, bem como entre suas fases de vida. Jovens de Sparisoma apresentaram a maior taxa de alimentação (mordidas/minuto), enquanto adultos de S. frondosum em fase terminal efetuaram o menor número de mordidas. Durante a alimentação, jovens e adultos de Sparisoma ingeriram com maior frequência os itens Substrato misto e Areia, caracterizados por conter grande quantidade de sedimento e detritos em sua composição. Ambas as espécies apresentaram seletividade ao alimentar-se; esta diferiu entre espécies, fases de vida e disponibilidade de alimento no ambiente. Apenas 23% (n =95) dos indivíduos foram avistados forrageando em agregações, sendo a maioria deles adultos de S. frondosum, que formavam grandes cardumes mistos, principalmente com Acanthurus chirurgus e Scarus trispinosus. Ataques de Stegastes fuscus contra Sparisoma constituíram 76% dos comportamentos agonísticos registrados.

Purpose The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate consumers’ perceptions of the end-of-life stage of a garment. Overall, the objective is to determine influencing factors that impact consumers’ disposal decisions to conceive a better understanding of post-purchase consumer behavior and formulate implications for both business and society. Design/Methodology/Approach The research of this study follows a deductive approach, whereby hypotheses are derived from existing literature and the Theory of Planned Behavior. A single quantitative data collection method is applied to collect primary data, namely, a cross-sectional self-administered online questionnaire. An effective sample size of 398 respondents is statistically analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The conducted descriptive research design investigates the causal relationships between the latent variables and the Behavioral Intention. Findings The empirical findings reveal that consumers’ Attitude positively and individuals’ Subjective Norm negatively influences the intention to dispose of garments. The Personal Value of consumers highly negatively impacts the Attitude and therefore indicates an indirect relationship to an individual’s behavioral intention. There is no significant correlation between consumers’ Endeavor to Change to their Attitude towards garment disposal and between Perceived Behavioral Control and an individual’s disposal intention. Implications Fashion enterprises are advised to act as educators to raise awareness of the adverse effects of frequent garment disposal and elucidate lifetime-extension measures, such as creating emotional attachment through customization or co-creation. Furthermore, emphasizing longevity during the production phase is crucial to hinder the influential factor of disposal due to damage. Therefore, policymakers’ importance is decisive in establishing industry-wide standards regarding garment production and lifetime-extension practices. Furthermore, societal education about garment disposal opportunities should be provided, for example, through implementation in the general curriculum of schools and governmental or nongovernmental organizations’ campaigns. Originality/Value By taking the general development toward a throwaway society into account, a connection to the textile industry is drawn in this thesis. When looking at the literature, it is visible that increasing attention is placed on the post-consumer phase. However, the technical constitution and the actual disposal approaches were mostly covered in this context. Therefore, the authors of this thesis examine the particular consumers’ determination of the end-of-life stage of garments to contribute to current circumstances and related literature.

The aim of the diploma thesis „Alternative solution of investment project“ is to describe the investment project, its life stages and to determine its possible variant solution in terms of tradability with it. Based on the processed analysis and calculations, the work takes place on the difference between investment projects and determines the risks that could invest arise. The diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part characterizes the concepts of housing construction, housing, real estate market, real estate valuation, construction project management and economic efficiency of the project. The selected investment project in the given locality is chosen for the diploma thesis. The practical part of this work identifies the location, determines the list of categories of housing units according to the investment project, determines the total cost of the investment project, prepares an analysis of the profitability of the investment project, calculates the economic efficiency of the investment project and finally evaluates the differences.

Purpose –The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge about how a led fitting impacts the environment. To be able to fulfil the purpose, it has been broken down into four research questions: • RQ1: What is the environmental impact during transportation? • RQ2: What is the environmental impact during the use phase? • RQ3: What is the environmental impact during the end of life phase? • RQ4: How can the environmental impact be decreased? Method: The authors worked abductive in the relation between theories and empirical data. The authors conducted a case study at a Swedish company in Jönköping. The case study covers a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The LCA includes four different stages; goal, scope &amp; boundary definition, life-cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. During the stages the authors carried out a pre study, interview, document study and calculations. To find out more information about the problem area a literature study was conducted. Theoretical material was received from books, peer review articles and reports. The literature study and the case study increased the authors knowledge to answer the research questions. Findings: The research findings indicate that transportation, Use- and end of life phase impact the environment in different amounts of greenhouse gases (CO2e). The transportation from production to customer stands for 0,16 kg CO2e, the use phase for 15,6 kg CO2e and end of life for 0,5 kg CO2e. The environmental impact can be decreased if companies both deal with the issue to make products more sustainable during the entire life cycle. The transportation’s environmental impact can be decreased through reduction of CO2 emission, which is the dominated greenhouse gases during road freight transportation. The use phase environmental impact can be decreased if adapting a more efficient consumption system. Another way to minimize the environmental impact is to offer and implement maintenance and repairing. The end of life environmental impact can be decreased by recycling or reuse the materials. Another way to lower the impact is to have a holistic perspective when choosing material. Lastly the impact can be decreased if companies, already in the design stage to think about the products last phase. Implications: The practical implications in this study is the case study. The case study contributed with knowledge about the environmental impact of a led fitting. The study has not contributed with any new theories. The study is based on a problem statement with already amount of existing theories and developed tools to calculate the environmental impact. Even if the study did not contribute theoretically, it strengthens already existing theories or statement from other researchers. Limitations: The research ability to generalize can be questioned since the research was limited to a single case study. This can affect the generalizability of the result. Keywords – Sustainability, Environmental impact, LCA, led fitting, Life cycle, use phase, end of life phase, transportation, Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)

The subject of the diploma thesis is economic evaluation and risk assessment of investment projects. The theoretical part deals with the life cycles of the construction, the characteristics of the development project, its investor and the risks associated with the implementation of the project. The output of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of economic evaluation and risk assessment on a selected development project.

The diploma thesis deals with the life cycle of the project, economic evaluation and risk analysis and its findings should help in deciding on the investment to take over the project and its further implementation. The introductory part of the work is used to get acquainted with the theoretical basis, methods of risk analysis and economic evaluation and design of a methodological procedure for the development of a case study. The case study uses economic indicators to assess the investment project and further defines and evaluates risks using the modified RIPRAN method. Some measures to reduce the risks of the project are also described and proposed.