The aim of this study is to understand the risk factors contributing to juvenile delinquency for young men in Sweden. Previous research shows that juvenile delinquency is a theme that exists in all communities and affects several areas of society such as family relations, social relations, academic achievement as well as individual consequences. In this essay, the focus is on identifying risk factors putting young men at greater risk of committing crimes, but also explaining the underlying causes of why these risk factors exist by using theoretical frameworks such as empowerment and life-span theories. The central point of the essay is thus the question of how and why some young men become criminals? The methods used are a systematic literature study combined with semi structured interviews in order to understand why some young men are more vulnerable than others in committing crime. The interviews consist of statements based on professional experience from four different non-governmental organizations in Sweden working with youths. The results of the study show that the environment these young men grow up in plays a major role for both academic achievement and the development of various personality disorders which can contribute to criminal behavior. The results of the interviews also show that social structures make these young men feel powerless in relation to themselves, school and society. This type of feeling of exclusion on a social and individual level tend to increase the risk of criminal behavior and lifestyle for some young men in Sweden.

Både i Sverige och internationellt är det brist på sjuksköterskor. Det behöver utbildas fler sjuksköterskor, men det finns också tendenser som visar att många sjuksköterskor väljer att byta yrke under sitt arbetsliv. Bristen på sjuksköterskor leder till ökad risk för vårdskador samt en sämre arbetsmiljö för den personal som stannar kvar. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ ansats är därför syftet med den här studien att analysera sjuksköterskors reflektioner kring deras beslut att byta yrke. Frågeställningarna som undersöks i studien är vilka faktorer sjuksköterskorna beskriver som avgörande för sitt karriärbyte, samt hur sjuksköterskorna beskriver sin egen beslutsprocess vid valet att byta yrke. I studien har sju sjuksköterskor som idag har en annan yrkestitel eller är studerande inom ett annat område inkluderats. Resultatet analyseras med hjälp av begreppen roller och beslutspunkt, hämtade från Life-span – Life-space theory, samt begreppen livstema, yrkespersonlighet och karriäranpassningsförmåga, hämtade från Career Construction theory. Det framkommer i studien att sjuksköterskorna har haft en lång beslutsprocess där de beskriver sig själva som aktörer för sitt eget beslut. Två orsaker till karriärbyte har varit behovet av förändring samt den kravfyllda yrkesrollen som inte alltid vägs upp av meningsfullheten i deras arbete. Ett yrke som upplevts spännande tidigare behöver inte nödvändigtvis ge samma stimulans ett antal år senare. Resultatet visar även att sjuksköterskorna upplever trygghet i att ha sin utbildning, vilket skapat mod till att pröva en annan bana.

In the range of 25°C - 80°C (ultra-low grade heat), a large quantity of waste heat from various processes is available unused. Special alloys made of nickel and titanium, so-called Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), could be an alternative technology to Organic Rankine Cycles to make this energy usable in the low power range. The 'THEAsmart 2' research project is therefore investigating the service life and energy lifecycle of this material to test the benefits of shape memory alloys in energy recovery and the efficiency levels that can be achieved. To this end, a demonstration prototype is being built that converts thermal energy into rotary motion. The next step is to link the demonstration prototype with a conventional fluid pump to create an SMA fluid pump that is driven by the thermal energy of the fluid to be pumped. The advantage of such a pump would be that it would be energy-independent, i.e. it would be operated solely by the thermal energy of the fluid without an electrical connection. Furthermore, such a pump could contribute to energy savings if it is used in cooling circuits in which the thermal energy of the fluid is the waste product from another process. In this case, it replaces an electric pump and utilizes the 'waste product' heat. The aim of the project is to investigate how and whether coil springs made of shape memory alloy are suitable for energy recovery. This is considered via the energy lifecycle: if more energy is required to manufacture a spring than this spring can convert kinetic energy from thermal energy in its lifecycle, then its use for energy recovery does not make sense in principle. As a secondary result of this research, statements about the efficiency of shape memory alloy coil springs and statements about their service life are expected.

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Doenças e comportamentos de risco relacionados ao polimorfismo T102C do gene 5- HT2A, como esquizofrenia, suicídio, impulsividade, alcoolismo, tabagismo, entre outros, podem encurtar o tempo de vida médio. Uma amostra de 687 indivíduos residentes na região metropolitana da Grande Porto Alegre foi genotipada e categorizada de acordo com suas respectivas idades e gêneros. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a distribuição dos genótipos do polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A e idade média da amostra (p=0,026) e também entre os genótipos e grupos etários (p=0,012). Estes resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A possa desempenhar algum papel no tempo de vida médio dos seres humanos. / Diseases and risk behaviors related to the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A gene such as schizophrenia, suicide, impulsivity, alcoholism, smoking addiction, among others, may potentially shorten mean life span. A sample of 687 individuals residents in Porto Alegre metropolitan region was genotyped and categorized according to their respective age and gender. Significant differences were found between the distribution of genotypes of T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A and the mean age of the sample (p=0.026) as well as distribution of genotypes and age groups (p=0.012). The present results suggest that T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A may play a role in mean life span of human beings.

Doenças e comportamentos de risco relacionados ao polimorfismo T102C do gene 5- HT2A, como esquizofrenia, suicídio, impulsividade, alcoolismo, tabagismo, entre outros, podem encurtar o tempo de vida médio. Uma amostra de 687 indivíduos residentes na região metropolitana da Grande Porto Alegre foi genotipada e categorizada de acordo com suas respectivas idades e gêneros. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a distribuição dos genótipos do polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A e idade média da amostra (p=0,026) e também entre os genótipos e grupos etários (p=0,012). Estes resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A possa desempenhar algum papel no tempo de vida médio dos seres humanos. / Diseases and risk behaviors related to the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A gene such as schizophrenia, suicide, impulsivity, alcoholism, smoking addiction, among others, may potentially shorten mean life span. A sample of 687 individuals residents in Porto Alegre metropolitan region was genotyped and categorized according to their respective age and gender. Significant differences were found between the distribution of genotypes of T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A and the mean age of the sample (p=0.026) as well as distribution of genotypes and age groups (p=0.012). The present results suggest that T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A may play a role in mean life span of human beings.

Doenças e comportamentos de risco relacionados ao polimorfismo T102C do gene 5- HT2A, como esquizofrenia, suicídio, impulsividade, alcoolismo, tabagismo, entre outros, podem encurtar o tempo de vida médio. Uma amostra de 687 indivíduos residentes na região metropolitana da Grande Porto Alegre foi genotipada e categorizada de acordo com suas respectivas idades e gêneros. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a distribuição dos genótipos do polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A e idade média da amostra (p=0,026) e também entre os genótipos e grupos etários (p=0,012). Estes resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo T102C do gene 5-HT2A possa desempenhar algum papel no tempo de vida médio dos seres humanos. / Diseases and risk behaviors related to the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A gene such as schizophrenia, suicide, impulsivity, alcoholism, smoking addiction, among others, may potentially shorten mean life span. A sample of 687 individuals residents in Porto Alegre metropolitan region was genotyped and categorized according to their respective age and gender. Significant differences were found between the distribution of genotypes of T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A and the mean age of the sample (p=0.026) as well as distribution of genotypes and age groups (p=0.012). The present results suggest that T102C polymorphism of gene 5-HT2A may play a role in mean life span of human beings.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Feed supplementation of the animals affects the pasture intake and may influence its productive and structural characteristics. Morphogenesis is a valuable tool for the dynamics understanding of the pasture, however the morphogenetic studies related to sorghum culture are still scarce as well as the evaluation of the supplementation effects on these characteristics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the different levels of supplementation on the morphogenetic characteristics of sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) submitted to continuous grazing of beef steers. The experiment was performed at the Beef Cattle Laboratory of UFSM from January to April, 2013. Morphogenetic measures were taken by the marked tiller technique in order to determine the morphogenetic variables of sorghum forage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with measures repeated in time, with three treatments and two repetitions (area) for the morphogenetic characteristics. The results of the morphogenetic variables were submitted to variance analysis with 5% of significance level using PROC MIXED. The analyses were performed with the assistance of the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (2009). By increasing the supplementation level offered to the animals it was observed a lower value for the Number of Live Leafs (2.77, 3.34 and 3.55) and Leaf Elongation Rate (0.06, 0.09 and 0.08) characteristics. The variables Leaf Appearance Rate (0.0041, 0.0043 and 0.039), Leaf Senescence Rate (0.05, 0.06 and 0.11) and Phyllochron (283.96, 265.21 and 278.62) were not influenced by the different supplementation levels. There was a difference among the evaluation periods for the characteristics Leaf Life Span (1081.1, 986.25 and 788.79) and Leaf Elongation Length (350.58, 312.83 and 326.36). For the characteristics Canopy Height, Pseudo Stem Length, and Final Length of Blades there was an interaction between treatment and period. / A suplementação alimentar dos animais afeta o consumo do pasto e pode influenciar suas caraterísticas produtivas e estruturais. A morfogênese é uma valiosa ferramenta para a compreensão da dinâmica do pasto, porém os estudos morfogênicos referentes à cultura do sorgo ainda são escassos, bem como a avaliação dos efeitos da suplementação sobre estas características. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de suplementação sobre as características morfogênicas do sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) submetido ao pastejo contínuo de novilhos de corte. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Bovinocultura de Corte da UFSM no período de janeiro a abril de 2013. Foram tomadas medidas morfogênicas pela técnica de perfilhos marcados para determinação das variáveis morfogênicas do sorgo forrageiro. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com três tratamentos e duas repetições (área) para as características morfogênicas. Os resultados das variáveis morfogênicas foram submetidos à análise de variância em nível de 5% de significância, utilizando o PROC MIXED. As análises foram realizadas com auxílio do pacote estatístico SAS 9.1.3 (2009). Ao aumentar o nível de suplementação ofertado aos animais, observou-se menor valor para as características de Folhas Vivas (2,77, 3,34 e 3,55) e Taxa de Alongamento Foliar (0,06 0,09 e 0,08). Não foram influenciadas pelos diferentes níveis de suplementação as variáveis Taxa de Aparecimento Foliar (0,0041, 0,0043 e 0,039), Taxa de Senescência Foliar (0,05, 0,06 e 0,11), Filocrono (283,96, 265,21 e 278,62). Para as características Duração de Vida da Folha (1081,1, 986,25 e 788,79) e Duração de Elongação Foliar (350,58, 312,83 e 326,36) houve diferença entre os períodos de avaliação. Para as características Altura de Dossel, Comprimento de Pseudocolmo e Comprimento Final de Laminas houve interação entre tratamento e período.