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Emergency evacuation in high-rise apartment building is a challenge for fire safety professionals. Lift evacuation is a controversial issue because the safe operation of lift is not ensured under the existing design and operating conditions. Lifts are not permitted for public evacuation in apartment buildings during fire emergencies as per the provisions of building codes and regulations. However, the concept of using lifts for emergency evacuation has been gaining considerable attention during recent years. The lift evacuation can be considered as an alternative facility if it is efficient, reliable and readily accessible. It can also provide a safer means of evacuation for the aged and disabled persons, who may not be able to evacuate promptly, efficiently and unassisted using the exit stairs during fire emergencies. Moreover, lifts can enable building corporate management to easily and promptly access the fireaffected floor and commence fire fighting. The work on the use of lifts for emergency evacuation was initiated in the early 1990s at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) in which pros and cons were analysed in order to develop suitable guidelines. This research project examines the feasibility of using lifts along with design modifications as an alternative facility for a safer and more efficient emergency evacuation. The scope of this research is limited to apartment buildings where occupant load is low and fire load is generally confined to dwelling compartment units. This research project analysed the important issues in relation to the use of lifts for emergency evacuation. The issues were divided into three categories: human behavioural response, fire hazards and lift operational mechanism. Output variables relating to human behavioural response were modelled and analysed as a stochastic process. Residents’ choice for using evacuation routes was determined using a survey. The issues of fire hazards (fire, smoke and toxic gases) were analysed for occupant safety under variable conditions using the concept of fire safety index. The issues of lift operational mechanism such as lift malfunctioning due to excessive temperature, electric power failure and water damage were considered for developing probabilistic models. An integrated approach of risk assessment for the issues of human behavioural response and fire hazards (such as ‘decision uncertainty’, ‘panic’, ‘nonfatal and fatal injuries’) was developed based on the Multi-Objectives Decision Analysis method. The results for lift and stair systems were compared and the feasibility of using lift with design modifications was analysed for alternative designs and evacuation strategies. The outcomes of this research have shown that using lifts with a protected lobby for up to one-fourth of the building population (who may be aged and disabled) has huge potential as an alternative evacuation facility with enhanced level of safety. Lifts with protected lobby for one-fourth of the building population showed an improved level of fire safety from exposure to fire effluents. The reliability of lift operational mechanism is also improved in protected lift shafts. Lifts with protected lobby for up to one-fourth of the building population and stairs for up to three-fourth of the building population showed an improved evacuation safety. The risks in combined evacuation systems (protected lifts and stairs) are found to be lower when compared to using stairs or protected lifts. Lifts with double lobby protection (for example, two levels of compartmentation with fire and smoke doors for lift lobby) showed further improvements. This research has proposed alternative designs for lifts and developed models for analyzing evacuation effectiveness based on risks related to human behaviour, fire hazards and operational mechanism. It has shown that a combined use of lifts and stairs has significant advantages. The performance based lift evacuation system is achievable in apartment buildings. These research findings are based on uncertainty analysis, which can be further extended to other types of buildings in the future.

In 2003, the Centre for Operations Excellence at the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business worked on a project for a company in the resort industry. The project was an initial attempt to develop and implement a pricing management practice for the ski lift ticket business of that company. Our main deliverable was the development of an Excel-based tool with a user-friendly interface that could help the company in their budgeting of the ski lift ticket business. After completing the project, we did some further investigation relative to pricing management techniques that could be applied to this sort of business, namely a congestible service industry. In this thesis we argue that a revenue management system could bring substantial benefits if implemented in this industry. We also identify the requirements and main features of a revenue management system applied to congestible service industries. Although revenue management is a very popular system in fields such as the airline, hotel and car rental industry, none of them can be classified as congestible industries. The ski lift ticket industry and similar industries possess one characteristic that differentiates them from the ones previously mentioned, there is no fixed capacity. This is the reason why we considered important to study the application of revenue management in congestible service industries.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-98). Also available on the World Wide Web.

In 2003, the Centre for Operations Excellence at the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business worked on a project for a company in the resort industry. The project was an initial attempt to develop and implement a pricing management practice for the ski lift ticket business of that company. Our main deliverable was the development of an Excel-based tool with a user-friendly interface that could help the company in their budgeting of the ski lift ticket business. After completing the project, we did some further investigation relative to pricing management techniques that could be applied to this sort of business, namely a congestible service industry. In this thesis we argue that a revenue management system could bring substantial benefits if implemented in this industry. We also identify the requirements and main features of a revenue management system applied to congestible service industries. Although revenue management is a very popular system in fields such as the airline, hotel and car rental industry, none of them can be classified as congestible industries. The ski lift ticket industry and similar industries possess one characteristic that differentiates them from the ones previously mentioned, there is no fixed capacity. This is the reason why we considered important to study the application of revenue management in congestible service industries. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-167). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-87). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Ce travail doctoral se situe dans le cadre du management public qui s'intéresse principalement à étudier l’impact des modes de gouvernance public-privé sur l’efficience technique des remontées mécaniques. Une étude empirique a été menée auprès de 68 entreprises de remontées mécaniques sur cinq ans (2006-2010). Ces données ont été traitées au moyen d’une étude quantitative confirmatoire à l’aide d’un modèle statistique. La recherche quantitative a pour objectif final de tester la validité des deux modèles de recherche proposée à l’issue de l’analyse de la littérature. Le premier modèle de frontière stochastique se compose de trois variables explicatives (productivité du capital, productivité du travail et moment de puissance), et de trois variables de contrôle (taille, altitude et effectif) et d'une variable à expliquer (la journée skieur). Le second se compose de deux variables explicatives (régie et SEM) et d’une variable à expliquée (l’inefficience technique). Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en avant l'importance des modes de gouvernance (régie ou SEM) dans le processus d’augmentation de l’efficience technique des remontées mécaniques. Une deuxième étude empirique (2011-2013) approche la compétitivité par la mesure de la productivité des opérateurs de remontées mécaniques. A l’aide de l’indice de productivité de Malmquist et ses deux composantes, nous cherchons à appréhender les changements de productivité entre deux périodes de temps, puis, dans un second temps, cette productivité est décomposée en deux éléments afin de mettre en évidence le progrès technologique. Alors,la relation entre taille et variation de l’efficience technique est vérifiée. / Public-Private Partnership is a tool for modernization and renewal of public intervention, its main goal is to achieve very high levels of performance. This doctoral work is therefore in the context of public management that focuses on studying the impact of public-private modes of governance on the technical efficiency of ski lifts. To answer our questions, an empirical study was conducted among 68 ski lift companies over five years (2006-2010). These data have been processed using a quantitative confirmatory study using a statistical model. To test the validity of the two models proposed by the literature, a quantitative research has been conducted. The first stochastic frontier model consists of three variables (capital productivity, labor productivity and power momentum), and three control variables (size, altitude and staff) and a dependent variable (the skier day). The second model of technical inefficiency consists of two explanatory variables (“time and materials » and SEM) and an explanatory variable (technical inefficiency). The results of this research outline, among other things, the importance of modes of governance (“time and materials » or SEM) in the process of increasing the technical efficiency of ski lifts. The second empirical study (2011-2013) which approaches the competitiveness of the French winter sports resorts by the measure of the productivity of the operators of ski lifts. By means of the indication of productivity of Malmquist and its two constituents, we look to arrest the changes of productivity then, this productivity is decomposed into two elements. Then, the relation between size and variation Technical efficiency is verified.

Företaget AB Strängbetong har på senare tid noterat ett ökat antal ingjutna lyft i tillverkningen av håldäckselement vilket skapar merarbeten. För att kunna vara konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden krävs en billig och effektiv produkt som är enkel att tillverka. Det ökade antalet ingjutna lyft höjer priset på produkten samtidigt som tillverkningen kompliceras. Syftet med denna rapport ligger därför i att undersöka orsaken till den ökade mängden ingjutna lyft i håldäckselementen, men även vilka förbättringsmöjligheter som finns. För att ge svar på den ställda problemformuleringen har intervjuer genomförts med anställda på företaget AB Strängbetong som är en av de ledande stomentreprenörerna på den svenska marknaden. Metoden har kompletterats med en litteraturgenomgång av företagets standarder och arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter.Ökningen beror till stor del på ett ökat säkerhetsfokus kombinerat med mer komplexa konstruktioner. Anledningen till att håldäckselement i första hand ska förses med ingjutna lyft är då ingreppen i plattan blivit så omfattande att lyft med ordinarie lyftutrustning ej är möjliga, men även på grund av avsaknaden av materiella resurser vid mindre projekt. Det finns emellertid meningsskiljaktigheter angående ingjutna lyft där vissa av de anställda, med anknytning till montage, inte ser det ökade antalet som ett problem utan snarare som en vinst på grund av säkrare och effektivare montage.Slutsatsen är att inte se ingjutna lyft som den primära lösningen. I stället bör det ses över om det konstruktionsmässigt går att undvika ingrepp i de kritiska delarna av håldäckselementen. I kombination med fler resurser till mindre byggen samt lösningar i kringliggande konstruktionsdelar kan både tids- och kostnadsbesparingar göras. En effektivisering skulle i sin helhet troligen även minska klimatpåverkan. / The company AB Strängbetong has recently noted an increased number of molded lifts in the manufacture of hollow-core slabs, which generates additional work. To be market competitive requires a cheap and efficient product that is easy to manufacture. The increased number of molded lifts makes the product more expensive at the same time as the production becomes more complicated. The purpose of this report is therefore to investigate the cause of the increased number of molded lifts in the hollow-core slabs, and suggest how the process can be improved. To provide answers to the posed problem formulation, interviews were conducted with employees at the company AB Strängbetong, which is one of the leading frame contractors on the Swedish market. The method has been supplemented with a literature review of the company's standards and the Swedish Work Environment Authority's regulations.The increase is largely due to an increased safety focus combined with more complex constructions. The reason why hollow-core slabs should primarily be provided with molded lifts is not only for when the interventions in the element have become so extensive that lifting with ordinary lifting equipment is not possible, but also due to a lack of material resources for smaller projects. However, there are differences of opinion regarding molded lifts where some of the employees, who work with assembly, do not see the increased number of as a problem but rather as a gain due to safer and more efficient assembly procedures.The conclusion is to not see molded lifts as the primary solution. It should rather be considered whether it is structurally possible to avoid interference with the critical parts of the hollow-core slabs. In combination with more resources for smaller constructions as well as solutions in surrounding construction parts, both time and cost savings can be made. An increase in efficiency as a whole would probably also reduce the climate impact of the company.

Eighteen well trained males (1RM Squat: 150.57 ± 26.79 kg) were assigned to two groups: full ROM training (control) and full ROM with partial ROM training (CP) for the seven-week training intervention. There was a significant time effect (p