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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Λιποσώματα με εξειδίκευση για τα πεπτίδια Αβ και για στόχευση των υποδοχέων τρανσφερρίνης του αιματοεγκεφαλικού φραγμού

Μαρκουτσά, Ελένη 03 November 2011 (has links)
Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζει στην παρασκευή και μελέτη ανοσολιποσωμάτων είτε για στόχευση των υποδοχέων τρανσφερρίνης του ΑΕΦ είτε με εξειδίκευση για τα Αβ πεπτίδια. Για την πρόσδεση των αντισωμάτων στην επιφάνεια των λιποσωμάτων εφαρμόσαμε μια τεχνική βασισμένη στο σύστημα πρόσδεσης βιοτίνης/στρεπταβιδίνης. Έχει πρόσφατα προταθεί ότι νανοσυστήματα που φέρουν πολλόυς προσδέτες στην επιφάνεια ίσως είναι πιο κατάλληλα για στόχευση ασθενειών ή βιολογικών φραγμών. Σε αυτές τις περιπτώσεις πρέπει να διασφαλιστεί ότι η ικανότητα στόχευσης ενός προσδέτη δεν θα επηρεαστεί από την παρουσία και δευτερου. Σκοπός είναι η παρασκευή ΟΧ-26 (κατά του υποδοχέα τρανσφερρίνης μονοκλωνικό αντίσωμα) νανολιποσωμάτων, η μελέτη διαφόρων παραγόντων κατά την παρασκευή τους και οι μελέτες πρόσληψης από μοντέλο του ΑΕΦ. Ο συγκεκριμένος τύπος ανοσολιποσωμάτων επιλέχθηκε γιατί είναι γνωστό ότι στοχεύουν σε κύτταρα που υπερεκφράζουν τον υποδοχέα της τρανσφερρίνης (TfR). Πρώτος στόχος είναι η παρασκευή ανοσολιποσωμάτων που φέρουν προσδεδεμένο στην επιφάνεια το μονοκλωνικό αντίσωμα ΟΧ-26 που στοχεύει στον υποδοχέα της τρανσφερρίνης και έγιναν μελέτες της πρόσληψης των ΟΧ-26 ανοσολιποσωμάτων από την αθανατοποιημένη κυτταρική σειρά hCMEC/D3. Εκτός από τις μελέτες πρόσληψης έγιναν και μελέτες κυτταρικού εντοπισμού του περιεχομένου των λιποσωμάτων με σκοπό να διασαφηνίσουμε το μηχανισμό πρόσληψης. Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι η πρόσληψη των ανοσολιποσωμάτων από τα κύτταρα hCMEC/D3 είναι αρκετά υψηλή σε σύγκριση με την πρόσληψη ανοσολιποσωμάτων που φέρουν IgG αντίσωμα στην επιφάνειά τους. Επίσης, η δέσμευση είναι δοσοεξαρτώμενη και εξαρτάται και από την ποσότητα του αντισώματος στην επιφάνεια των λιποσωμάτων. Οσον αφορά στον μηχανισμό πρόσληψης τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι έχουμε λυσοσωματικό εντοπισμό του περιεχομένου των λιποσωμάτων συνεπώς μπορούμε να ισχυριστούμε ότι η πρόσληψη γίνεται μέσω υποδοχέα και ακολουθεί μεταφορά στα λυσοσώματα. Δεύτερος στόχος είναι η παρασκευή λιποσωμάτων με εξειδίκευση για τα Αβ πεπτίδια. Παρασκευάστηκαν λιποσώματα που φέρουν κουρκουμίνη εγκλωβισμένη στη λιπιδική διπλοστιβάδα και μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα τους να αναστέλουν τη συσσωμάτωση Αβ1-40 μονομερών ή ολιγομερών ή και να αποσσυσωματώνουν ινιδικές μορφές του Αβ1-42 πεπτιδίου. Για τον λόγο αυτό εφαρμόστηκε το πρωτόκολλο θειοφλαβίνης Τ, με τη χρήση του οποίου μπορούμε να ανιχνεύουμε την ύπαρξη β-δομών. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η λιποσωμική κουρκουμίνη έχει μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα αναστολής της συσσωμάτωσης και αποσσυσωμάτωσης των δομών των Αβ πεπτιδίων σε σύγκριση με την ίδια ποσότητα ελεύθερης κουρκουμίνης. Παρασκευάστηκαν επίσης και αnti-Abeta ανοσολιποσώματα και έγιναν μελέτες προσδιορισμού της συγγένειας πρόσδεσης αυτών σε ακινητοποιημένα μονομερή Αβ πεπτίδια καθώς και σε ινίδια με την τεχνική SPR. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η συγγένεια πρόσδεσης των ανοσολιποσωμάτων στα Αβ πεπτίδια και ινίδια είναι υψηλή καθώς και ότι η σταθερά δέσμευσης των ανοσολιποσωμάτων στα Αβ πεπτίδια εξαρτάται από την ποσότητα του αντισώματος στη λιποσωμική επιφάνεια. / This work focuses on the manufacture and study of immunoliposomes either for targeting of transferrin receptors of blood Brain Barrier or with specialization for Aβ peptides. For the attachment of antibodies in the surface of liposomes applied a technique based on the biotin/streptavidin linkage. It has been recently proposed that perhaps multiligant-decorated nanosystems may be more efficient to target specific diseases or biological barriers.insuch cases,it is important to be sure that the targeting potential of one ligand will not be negatively affected by the presence of the second on the same nanosystem. OX-26 (anti-transferrin momoclonal antibody) nanoliposomes werw prepared and after evaluation of several preparative aspects their brain targeting potential was studied on a cellular model of BBB. Manufactured pegylated immunoliposomes coated with the monoclonal antibody OX-26 aimed transferrin receptor and studies of uptake of OX-26 immunoliposomes from cell line hCMEC/D3 were done. Also studies of cell tracking content of immunoliposomes were done in order to clarify the mechanism of intake. Our results showed that the uptake of immunoliposomes from hCMEC/D3 cell line is quite high in comparison with the uptake of immunoliposomes coated with IgG antibody. Moreover the uptake of immunoliposomes is dosedependent and depends on the quantity of antibody in the liposomal surface. With regard to the mechanism of intake, results show that there is lysosomatic localization of the liposomal content so we can say that uptake is achievied through receptor and then followed shipment to lysosomes. In the second part, manufactured liposomes and immunoliposomes with specialization for Ab peptides. In the first case prepared liposomes with curcumin incorporated into the lipid bilayer and the ability to inhibit the linking of Aβ1-40 monomers or oligomers or even to disagreggate fibrillar forms of Aβ1-42 peptide was studied. For this purpose applied the thioflavin–T protocol, using which we can prove the existence of β-structures. The results showed that liposomal curcumin is more capable to inhibit the agreggation or to disaggregate structures of Aβ peptides compared with the same amount of free curcumin. In the second case, prepared anti-Abeta immunoliposomes and studies for the determination of the affinity for immobilized Aβ peptides monomers and fibrils were done with the SPR technique. The results showed that the affinity of immunoliposomes for Aβ monomers and fibrils is high and that the Ka of immunoliposomes in Aβ peptides depends on the amount of antibodies that is tethered on the liposomal surface.
152

Exploiting Bioparticles: From New Properties of Liposomes to Novel Applications of Bioaerosol Analysis

January 2011 (has links)
abstract: Bioparticles comprise a diverse amount of materials ubiquitously present in nature. From proteins to aerosolized biological debris, bioparticles have important roles spanning from regulating cellular functions to possibly influencing global climate. Understanding their structures, functions, and properties provides the necessary tools to expand our fundamental knowledge of biological systems and exploit them for useful applications. In order to contribute to this efforts, the work presented in this dissertation focuses on the study of electrokinetic properties of liposomes and novel applications of bioaerosol analysis. Using immobilized lipid vesicles under the influence of modest (less than 100 V/cm) electric fields, a novel strategy for bionanotubule fabrication with superior throughput and simplicity was developed. Fluorescence and bright field microscopy was used to describe the formation of these bilayer-bound cylindrical structures, which have been previously identified in nature (playing crucial roles in intercellular communication) and made synthetically by direct mechanical manipulation of membranes. In the biological context, the results of this work suggest that mechanical electrostatic interaction may play a role in the shape and function of individual biological membranes and networks of membrane-bound structures. A second project involving liposomes focused on membrane potential measurements in vesicles containing trans-membrane pH gradients. These types of gradients consist of differential charge states in the lipid bilayer leaflets, which have been shown to greatly influence the efficacy of drug targeting and the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Here, these systems are qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by using voltage-sensitive membrane dyes and fluorescence spectroscopy. Bioaerosol studies involved exploring the feasibility of a fingerprinting technology based on current understanding of cellular debris in aerosols and arguments regarding sampling, sensitivity, separations and detection schemes of these debris. Aerosolized particles of cellular material and proteins emitted by humans, animals and plants can be considered information-rich packets that carry biochemical information specific to the living organisms present in the collection settings. These materials could potentially be exploited for identification purposes. Preliminary studies evaluated protein concentration trends in both indoor and outdoor locations. Results indicated that concentrations correlate to certain conditions of the collection environment (e.g. extent of human presence), supporting the idea that bioaerosol fingerprinting is possible. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemistry 2011
153

Cold Pasteurization Of Tender Coconut Water By A Batch And Flow Processes Using Glassbeads Coated With Phytochemicals Encapsulated Nano-Liposomes

Thomson, Jim 01 May 2018 (has links)
Tender coconut water (TCW) is one of most consumed natural energy drinks. Although it is widely available in tropical countries, because of its natural health benefits it is increasingly consumed in other parts of the world. Therefore there has been an increased requirement for packaging and shipping. TCW is highly susceptible to microbial contamination during extraction and packaging, requiring pasteurization. Thermal pasteurization leads to loss of flavor and color of coconut water. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a non-thermal method of pasteurization of TCW using natural antimicrobials like curcumin, eugenol, and d-limonene with curcumin. The non-thermal pasteurization method was developed in two different processes, i.e. a batch and flow-filter process. Batch cold pasteurization process was conducted by suspending liposome encapsulated antimicrobials immobilized on glassbeads in TCW at 4oC by shake flask assay. Maximum Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli W1485 in pasteurized TCW were observed to be 5 log CFU per ml of TCW within 7 days of incubation under the presence of nano-liposomes containing 50 mM of curcumin, d- limonene or eugenol. There was no change in color and aroma of TCW after 1 month of storage at 4oC. the flow filter cold pasteurization process was developed using filter medium coated with nano-liposomes encapsulated antimicrobial leading to extended release of the natural antimicrobial curcumin to the coconut water in 4oC. Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli W1485 were used as model organisms to test effectiveness of cold pasteurization. Reduction of L. monocytogenes and E. coli W1485 in pasteurized TCW was observed to be 5.2 and 4.5 log10CFU/ml of TCW respectively within 17.25 min of incubation under the presence of nano-liposomes containing 50 mM of curcumin. There was no change in color and aroma of TCW after 1 week of storage at 4oC.
154

Desenvolvimento de lipossomas nanométricos para armazenamento e liberação controlada de peptídeos antimicrobianos

Lopes, Nathalie Almeida January 2018 (has links)
Os compostos antimicrobianos naturais são um tema de grande interesse devido ao aumento da demanda por alimentos seguros e de alta qualidade. A utilização de lipossomas é uma alternativa interessante para proteger antimicrobianos nos alimentos, além de fornecer compostos naturais de liberação controlada. Os lipossomas revestidos com polissacarídeos apresentam melhor estabilidade, representando uma alternativa aos lipossomas convencionais. Inicialmente, os nanolipossomas que encapsulam a nisina foram preparados com fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) e pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico. Os lipossomas desenvolvidos apresentaram alta eficiência de encapsulação, baixo índice de polidispersão e foram estáveis durante 21 dias a 7 °C e 25 °C. A atividade antimicrobiana foi observada contra cinco cepas diferentes de Listeria em placas de ágar de leite, com uma melhor eficiência contra L. innocua 6a. Em um segundo momento, as características estruturais dos lipossomas foram estudadas por dispersão de raios-X de pequeno ângulo (SAXS) e as amostras foram submetidas a ciclos de temperatura (20-60 °C). Para isso, os lipossomas foram desenvolvidos contendo pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico pelos métodos de hidratação de filme e evaporação em fase reversa, para encapsular nisina. A análise de SAXS confirmou a presença de estruturas lamelares em todas as amostras. Além disso, parte da estrutura multilamelar tornou-se cúbica, provavelmente devido à presença de nisina nos lipossomas. A adição de polissacarídeos mostrou diferenças entre as fases cúbicas formadas. Em última análise, a mistura de lisozima e nisina foi encapsulada em lipossomas contendo polissacarídeos. O diâmetro médio dos lipossomas foi de 85,6 e variou para 77,3 e 79,9 nm com a incorporação de pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico, respectivamente. O potencial zeta dos lipossomas com polissacarídeos foi de cerca de -30 mV, mostrando alta eficiência de encapsulação. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada a 37 °C, mostrando que a PC-pectina reduziu a população de L. monocytogenes em 2 log UFC/mL e 5 log UFC/mL em leite integral e desnatado, respectivamente. Em refrigeração, a PC-pectina reduziu a população de L. monocytogenes para quase zero por até 25 dias em leite desnatado. Portanto, pode dizer-se que os lipossomas que contêm polissacarídeos podem ser uma tecnologia promissora para o encapsulamento da lisozima e nisina. Além disso, a existência de estrutura cúbica nos lipossomas pode proporcionar liberação controlada de antimicrobianos. / Natural antimicrobial compounds are a topic of utmost interest due to the increased demand for safe and high-quality foods. The use of liposomes is an interesting alternative to protect antimicrobials in food, also providing controlled release natural compounds. Polysaccharides coated liposomes present better stability, representing an alternative to conventional liposomes. Initially, nanoliposomes encapsulating nisin were prepared with soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and pectin or polygalacturonic acid. The liposomes developed presented high encapsulation efficiency, low polydispersity index, and were stable for 21 days at 7°C and 25°C. The antimicrobial activity was observed against five different strains of Listeria in milk-agar plates, with a better efficiency against L. innocua 6a. In a second moment, structural characteristics of liposomes were studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the samples were submitted to temperature cycles (20-60°C). For this, liposomes were developed containing pectin or polygalacturonic acid by the thin-film hydration method and reverse phase evaporation method for nisin encapsulation. The analysis of SAXS confirmed the presence of lamellar structures in all the samples. In addition, part of the multilamellar structure became cubic, probably due to the presence of nisin in the liposomes. The addition of polysaccharides showed differences between the cubic phases formed. Ultimately, the mixture of lysozyme and nisin were encapsulated in liposomes containing polysaccharides. The mean diameter of the liposomes was 85.6 and varied to 77.3 and 79.9 nm with the incorporation of pectin or polygalacturonic acid, respectively. The zeta potential of liposomes with polysaccharides were around -30 mV, showing high encapsulation efficiency. The antimicrobial activity was assessed at 37 °C, showing that PC-pectin reduced the population of L. monocytogenes to 2 log CFU/mL and 5 log CFU/mL in whole and skim milk, respectively. At under refrigeration, PC-pectin reduced the population of L. monocytogenes to almost zero for up to 25 days in skim milk. Therefore, it can say that the liposomes containing polysaccharides can be a promising technology for the encapsulation of lysozyme and nisin. In addition, the existence of cubic structure in the liposomes can provide controlled release of antimicrobials.
155

Desenvolvimento e farmacocinetica de antimonio encapsulado em lipossomas de fostatidilserina utilizando radioisotopos em leishmaniose experimental / Development and pharmacokinetic of antimony encapsulated in liposomes of phosphatidylserine using radioisotopes in experimental leishmaniasis

BORBOREMA, SAMANTA E.T. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
156

Sistemas drug delivery aplicados a novos inibidores de topoisomerases estruturalmente derivados de toxinas bacterianas /

Delfino, Davi Barbosa. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Reinaldo Marchetto / Coorientador: Saulo Santesso Garrido / Banca: Marlus Chorilli / Banca: Pietro Ciancaglini / Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a síntese de peptídeos em fase sólida (SPFS) derivados de toxinas bacterianas, tais como CcdB e ParE, e a produção de sistemas nanoestruturados como lipossomas e microemulsões. As toxinas intracelulares, produzidas por sistemas de morte pós-segregacional (PSK) em bactérias são exemplos recentes de agentes inibidores de enzimas fundamentais para a reprodução do microrganismo. Resultados promissores foram obtidos em relação a inibição da atividade da DNA girase, por derivados peptídicos destas duas proteínas. In vitro, os valores de concentração inibitória têm sido abaixo de 5 μmol.L-1, porém ensaios in vivo não demonstraram reprodutibilidade, basicamente devido à baixa permeabilidade da membrana bacteriana a estes derivados. Desta forma, foram produzidos lipossomas e microemulsões com o objetivo de promover o acesso de moléculas peptídicas sintéticas, derivadas do CcdB e ParE, ao meio intracelular e, conseqüentemente, aos seus alvos: DNA girase ou topoisomerase IV. Lipossomas do tipo SUV (small unilamellar vesicles) foram preparados por extrusão a partir de fosfatidilcolina de soja e estearilamina e mostraram uma eficiência de encapsulação de 77% e inibiram o crescimento tanto de bactéria Gram positiva quanto Gram negativa em 58 e 75%, respectivamente. Sistemas microemulsionados a base de fosfatidilcolina de soja, Tween 20, etanol e ácido oléico apresentaram uma incorporação do peptídeo acima de 90% e a formulação com 15% de ácido oléico e CcdBET2 a 4 μmol.L-1 apresentou uma inibição do crescimento de bactéria Gram negativa de 75,5%. O diâmetro dos lipossomas foi medido por espalhamento dinâmico de luz e as microemulsões foram caracterizadas por microscopia de luz polarizada e sua viscosidade determinada por reologia. Portanto, lipossomas e microemulsões podem ser utilizados como sistemas de drug delivery para análogos peptídicos derivados do CcdB e do ParE / Abstract: This work describes the synthesis of peptides derived from bacterial toxins, such as CcdB and ParE, by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and the production of nanostructured systems such as liposomes and microemulsions. Intracellular toxins produced by systems of killer post-segregational (PSK) in bacteria are recent examples of inhibitors of key enzymes for the reproduction of the microorganism. Promising results were obtained for the inhibition of DNA gyrase activity by peptide derivatives of these proteins. In vitro, the IC100 values have been below 5 μmol.L-1, but not demonstrated in vivo reproducibility, mainly due to the low permeability of the bacterial cell to these derivatives. Thus, the aim with this work was develop of liposomes and microemulsions to promote access of synthetic peptide molecules derived from the CcdB and ParE, to the intracellular medium and consequently to their targets: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Liposomes SUV type (small unilamellar vesicles) were prepared by extrusion from soybean phosphatidylcholine and estearilamina and showed an encapsulation efficiency of 77% and inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative in 58 and 75% respectively. Microemulsion systems based soybean phosphatidylcholine, Tween 20, ethanol and oleic acid showed an incorporation of the peptide above 90% and the specific formulation with 15% oleic acid and the 4 μmol.L-1 CcdBET2 incorporate showed a growth inhibition of Gram negative of 75.5%. The diameter of liposomes was measured by dynamic light scattering and microemulsions were characterized by polarized light microscopy and its viscosity determined by rheology. Therefore, liposomes and microemulsions may be used as drug delivery systems for peptide analogues derived from the CcdB and ParE / Mestre
157

Desenvolvimento de lipossomas nanométricos para armazenamento e liberação controlada de peptídeos antimicrobianos

Lopes, Nathalie Almeida January 2018 (has links)
Os compostos antimicrobianos naturais são um tema de grande interesse devido ao aumento da demanda por alimentos seguros e de alta qualidade. A utilização de lipossomas é uma alternativa interessante para proteger antimicrobianos nos alimentos, além de fornecer compostos naturais de liberação controlada. Os lipossomas revestidos com polissacarídeos apresentam melhor estabilidade, representando uma alternativa aos lipossomas convencionais. Inicialmente, os nanolipossomas que encapsulam a nisina foram preparados com fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) e pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico. Os lipossomas desenvolvidos apresentaram alta eficiência de encapsulação, baixo índice de polidispersão e foram estáveis durante 21 dias a 7 °C e 25 °C. A atividade antimicrobiana foi observada contra cinco cepas diferentes de Listeria em placas de ágar de leite, com uma melhor eficiência contra L. innocua 6a. Em um segundo momento, as características estruturais dos lipossomas foram estudadas por dispersão de raios-X de pequeno ângulo (SAXS) e as amostras foram submetidas a ciclos de temperatura (20-60 °C). Para isso, os lipossomas foram desenvolvidos contendo pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico pelos métodos de hidratação de filme e evaporação em fase reversa, para encapsular nisina. A análise de SAXS confirmou a presença de estruturas lamelares em todas as amostras. Além disso, parte da estrutura multilamelar tornou-se cúbica, provavelmente devido à presença de nisina nos lipossomas. A adição de polissacarídeos mostrou diferenças entre as fases cúbicas formadas. Em última análise, a mistura de lisozima e nisina foi encapsulada em lipossomas contendo polissacarídeos. O diâmetro médio dos lipossomas foi de 85,6 e variou para 77,3 e 79,9 nm com a incorporação de pectina ou ácido poligalacturônico, respectivamente. O potencial zeta dos lipossomas com polissacarídeos foi de cerca de -30 mV, mostrando alta eficiência de encapsulação. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada a 37 °C, mostrando que a PC-pectina reduziu a população de L. monocytogenes em 2 log UFC/mL e 5 log UFC/mL em leite integral e desnatado, respectivamente. Em refrigeração, a PC-pectina reduziu a população de L. monocytogenes para quase zero por até 25 dias em leite desnatado. Portanto, pode dizer-se que os lipossomas que contêm polissacarídeos podem ser uma tecnologia promissora para o encapsulamento da lisozima e nisina. Além disso, a existência de estrutura cúbica nos lipossomas pode proporcionar liberação controlada de antimicrobianos. / Natural antimicrobial compounds are a topic of utmost interest due to the increased demand for safe and high-quality foods. The use of liposomes is an interesting alternative to protect antimicrobials in food, also providing controlled release natural compounds. Polysaccharides coated liposomes present better stability, representing an alternative to conventional liposomes. Initially, nanoliposomes encapsulating nisin were prepared with soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and pectin or polygalacturonic acid. The liposomes developed presented high encapsulation efficiency, low polydispersity index, and were stable for 21 days at 7°C and 25°C. The antimicrobial activity was observed against five different strains of Listeria in milk-agar plates, with a better efficiency against L. innocua 6a. In a second moment, structural characteristics of liposomes were studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the samples were submitted to temperature cycles (20-60°C). For this, liposomes were developed containing pectin or polygalacturonic acid by the thin-film hydration method and reverse phase evaporation method for nisin encapsulation. The analysis of SAXS confirmed the presence of lamellar structures in all the samples. In addition, part of the multilamellar structure became cubic, probably due to the presence of nisin in the liposomes. The addition of polysaccharides showed differences between the cubic phases formed. Ultimately, the mixture of lysozyme and nisin were encapsulated in liposomes containing polysaccharides. The mean diameter of the liposomes was 85.6 and varied to 77.3 and 79.9 nm with the incorporation of pectin or polygalacturonic acid, respectively. The zeta potential of liposomes with polysaccharides were around -30 mV, showing high encapsulation efficiency. The antimicrobial activity was assessed at 37 °C, showing that PC-pectin reduced the population of L. monocytogenes to 2 log CFU/mL and 5 log CFU/mL in whole and skim milk, respectively. At under refrigeration, PC-pectin reduced the population of L. monocytogenes to almost zero for up to 25 days in skim milk. Therefore, it can say that the liposomes containing polysaccharides can be a promising technology for the encapsulation of lysozyme and nisin. In addition, the existence of cubic structure in the liposomes can provide controlled release of antimicrobials.
158

Dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno: caracterização, estabilidade físico-química e incorporação em iogurte / Dispersions of liposomes encapsulating beta-carotene: characterization, physico-chemical stability and incorporation in yoghurt

Taíse Toniazzo 12 April 2013 (has links)
A utilização de bioativos naturais como ingredientes está em constante expansão na indústria alimentícia, devido ao aumento das exigências pelos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis. Por isso, há uma busca constante de tecnologias que possibilitem a incorporação de tais substâncias em alimentos. O β-caroteno é uma substância hidrofóbica, cujos benefícios estão relacionados principalmente à sua ação antioxidante. Devido à sua característica hidrofóbica, a utilização deste pigmento implica em desafios tecnológicos para ser incorporado em formulações alimentícias de base aquosa. Por este motivo, a encapsulação em lipossomas pode ser uma ótima alternativa, devido à capacidade de englobar tais substâncias em sua bicamada lipídica. Além da proteção, essas matrizes encapsulantes podem proporcionar a liberação controlada dos ingredientes encapsulados, bem como aumento de sua biodisponibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno estabilizadas com a adição de hidrocolóides(goma xantana ou mistura de goma xantana e goma guar). O diâmetro médio hidrodinâmico, a distribuição de tamanho das partículas e a morfologia foram avaliadas. Os lipossomas produzidos foram vesículas multilamelares (MLV), as distribuições de tamanho dos lipossomas apresentaram-se heterogêneas e as micrografias revelaram a forma esférica dos lipossomas dispersos no meio aquoso, assim como a integridade da sua bicamada lipídica. Foram realizadas análises de quantificação do β-caroteno e colorimetria instrumental, sendo que todas as dispersões mostraram-se eficientes na preservação do β-caroteno ao longo do período de armazenamento. Os hidrocolóides adicionados foram eficazes no aumento da viscosidade da fase contínua, evitando a agregação das vesículas ao longo do tempo, exceto para dispersão estabilizada com a mistura de goma xantana e goma guar, com 0,15% de goma total. Em relação à adição das dispersões de lipossomas em iogurte, as formulações mostraram-se homogêneas, com ausência de grumos ou qualquer tipo de separação de fases, e também foram aprovados por uma parcela de painelistas na análise sensorial. / The use of natural bioactives as ingredients is in constant expansion in the food industry, due to increasing consumer demands for healthier foods. Therefore, there is a constant search for technologies capable of incorporating such substances in food. β-carotene is a hydrophobic substance, whose benefits are mainly related to its antioxidant action. Because of its hydrophobic characteristics, the use of this pigment implies technical challenges to be incorporated into aqueous-based food formulations. For this reason, encapsulation in liposomes may be a good alternative, because of their ability to incorporate such substances in their lipid bilayer. Besides the protection, these encapsulants matrix can provide controlled release of the encapsulated ingredients, as well as increasing its bioavailability. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize dispersions of liposomes encapsulating β-carotene, which were stabilized with the addition of hydrocolloids: xanthan gum or a mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum. The mean hydrodynamic diameter, distribution of particle size and its morphology were studied. The obtained dispersions were multilamellar vesicles (MLV), the liposomes size distributions were heterogeneous and the micrographs revealed the liposomes spherical shape dispersed in aqueous medium, as well as the integrity of their lipid bilayer. The quantification of β-carotene and instrumental colorimetry analyses indicated the liposomes were efficient in the preservation of β-carotene during the storage period. The hydrocolloids added in the dispersions were highly efficient to increase the viscosity of the continuous phase. Therefore, the hydrocolloids were responsible for the prevention of aggregation of the vesicles during the storage period, except for stabilized dispersion with the mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum, with 0.15% gum total. Regarding the dispersions of liposomes added in yoghurt, the formulations were homogeneous, with absence of lumps or any phase separation, and also have been approved by a significant number of the panelists.
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Desenvolvimento e farmacocinetica de antimonio encapsulado em lipossomas de fostatidilserina utilizando radioisotopos em leishmaniose experimental / Development and pharmacokinetic of antimony encapsulated in liposomes of phosphatidylserine using radioisotopes in experimental leishmaniasis

BORBOREMA, SAMANTA E.T. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Leishmanioses são um complexo de doenças infecciosas causadas por protozoários intramacrofágicos do gênero Leishmania, fatal se não tratadas adequadamente. Os antimoniais pentavalentes são os medicamentos de primeira escolha para o tratamento, apesar de sua toxicidade e seu mecanismo de ação pouco esclarecido. Uma terapia mais eficaz pode ser conseguida pelo direcionamento de fármacos antileishmania para os locais de infecção. Os lipossomas são vesículas lipídicas que promovem melhora na eficácia e na ação de fármacos na célula alvo. Os lipossomas são capturados preferencialmente pelas células do sistema mononuclear fagocitário (SMF). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma formulação de antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal, constituído por fosfatidilserina e estudar sua farmacocinética em animais sadios para esclarecer seu metabolismo e distribuição. As análises quantitativas de antimônio em lipossomas demonstram que Análise por Ativação Neutrônica foi a técnica mais sensível com cerca de 100 % de precisão. Todas as formulações de lipossomas apresentaram um tamanho de diâmetro médio de 150 nm. A determinação da CE50 em macrófagos infectados mostrou que as formulações de antimoniato de meglumina encapsulado em lipossomas foram entre 10 - 63 vezes mais eficazes do que a fármaco livre, indicando maior índice de seletividade. Por microscopia de fluorescência, foi verificada uma maior internalização de lipossomas fluorescentes em macrófagos infectados durante um curto tempo de incubação em comparação com macrófagos não infectados. A biodistribuição do antimoniato de meglumina irradiado encapsulado em lipossomas contendo fosfatidilserina mostrou que a formulação lipossomal promoveu um direcionamento seletivo do antimônio para tecidos do SMF, além do que manteve as doses elevadas nos órgãos por um período prolongado. Em conclusão, estes dados sugerem que o antimoniato de meglumina encapsulado em lipossomas apresentou maior eficácia do que a fármaco não lipossomal contra a infecção por Leishmania. O desenvolvimento de formulações lipossomais pode ser uma nova alternativa para a quimioterapia de doenças infecciosas, especialmente Leishmanioses, já que são usados como sistemas carreadores para entrega sustentada e direcionada de fármacos ao local da infecção. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Sistema de liberação prolongada com o anestesico local prilocaina em lipossomas : preparo, caracterização e testes biologicos / A new drug delivery system for the local anesthetic prilocaine in lipossomes : preparation, characterization and biological tests

Cereda, Cintia Maria Saia 28 February 2007 (has links)
Orientadores: Eneida de Paula, Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T05:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cereda_CintiaMariaSaia_D.pdf: 3317518 bytes, checksum: 1cb573479b5b4a3a55d35b358811dcd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O controle da dor é de extrema importância em odontologia, já que a maioria dos procedimentos odontológicos envolve estímulos dolorosos. Com a descoberta dos anestésicos locais, que se caracterizam pela capacidade de abolir a dor sem a perda da consciência, deu-se um grande passo para o avanço da odontologia. Um anestésico local ideal deve apresentar ação anestésica duradoura (suficiente para os procedimentos operatórios) e baixa toxicidade. Várias pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas com anestésicos locais objetivando prolongar a duração de seu efeito e diminuir sua toxicidade. Um caminho muito promissor foi aberto com o desenvolvimento de formulações anestésicas de liberação prolongada, utilizando carreadores como lipossomas, que mantêm o fármaco por mais tempo e em maior concentração no sítio de ação. Este trabalho teve por finalidade preparar formulações de liberação prolongada do anestésico local prilocaína, muito usado em odontologia. Objetivouse: (i) preparar prilocaína encapsulada em lipossomas; (ii) caracterizar físicoquimicamente essa formulação, (iii) avaliar a atividade terapêutica, com testes de nocicepção em animais e (iv) avaliar a formulação quanto à estabilidade e à toxicidade local. Após a preparação, testes de caracterização físico-química demonstraram a interação da prilocaína com os lipossomas. Com a técnica de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica pôde-se observar um decréscimo de 11% no parâmetro de ordem da membrana lipossomal, em presença do anestésico local. Com a análise por espalhamento de luz quase-elástico (light scattering) observou-se que as vesículas lipossomais apresentaram diâmetro médio de 382nm (±30), que não sofreu variação significativa (p>0,05) após encapsulação da prilocaína. Ensaios de liberação in vitro evidenciaram taxa de liberação mais lenta para a prilocaína lipossomal (equilíbrio em 90 min) que para prilocaína em solução (60 min). Análises por light scattering (p>0,05), de peroxidação lipídica (p>0,05) e ressonância magnética nuclear de prótons (H1-NMR) mostraram que, após processo de esterilização em autoclave, a prilocaína lipossomal permaneceu estável por um período de 30 dias após a preparação. Esses experimentos não mostraram diferenças na estabilidade físico-química da prilocaína ou da preparação lipossomal, estéreis ou não. Testes de bloqueio do nervo infraorbital em ratos e de tail-flick em camundongos revelaram maior efeito analgésico para a prilocaína lipossomal em relação à prilocaína em solução (p<0,001 e p<0,05, respectivamente). Já em comparação com a formulação comercial de prilocaína ¿ que contém o vasoconstritor felipressina -não ocorreram diferenças significativas (p>0,05) para o efeito da prilocaína lipossomal. A avaliação da toxicidade local em ratos mostrou que a prilocaína lipossomal não provocou edema de pata, quando comparada com soluções controle: salina, tampão, prilocaína em solução e lipossoma (p>0,05). Na avaliação histológica da mucosa oral dos ratos, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre os animais tratados com prilocaína lipossomal e seus controles. Com esses resultados, pôde-se concluir que a encapsulação de prilocaína em lipossomas aumentou a duração do bloqueio nervoso sensorial sem induzir o aumento na toxicidade local, podendo ser considerada mais uma opção no arsenal já disponível para a anestesia local em odontologia / Abstract: Pain control is an extremely important issue in dentistry since most of the dentistry procedures involve painful stimuli. The discovery of local anesthetics, which have the capability of abolishing the pain without loosing the consciousness, meant a major step in dentistry advance. An ideal local anesthetic must present lasting anesthetic action (long enough for surgery procedures) and low toxicity. Many researches have been developed with local anesthetics aiming at the prolongation of their anesthetic effect duration and decrease of their toxicity. A very promising path was open with the development of long-acting local anesthetics formulations, using carriers as liposomes that are able to enhance the bioavailability, to reduce the systemic toxicity and to increase the local anesthetic half-life in vivo. This present study comprised (i) the preparation of liposomal prilocaine ( a local anesthetic widely used in dentistry) formulation, (ii) the physicochemical characterization of the formulation, (iii) the assessment of its anesthetic efficacy and (iv) the evaluation of its physicochemical stability, as well as of its toxic effects. After preparation, the physicochemical characterization showed the prilocaine-liposome interaction. Electron spin resonance results showed a decrease in the order parameter of liposomal membrane, in presence of prilocaine. Laser light-scattering analysis revealed a vesicle population of liposomes with 382nm (± 30) diameter, without size changes after prilocaine incorporation. In the in vitro drug release assay, the liposomal formulation led to a slower release rate of prilocaine compared to its plain formulation. Equilibrium was delayed from 60 min (prilocaine in solution) to 90 min with the drug delivery system. Liposomal prilocaine was found to be stable up to 30 days after preparation, according to the analysis by laser light scattering (p > 0.05), thiobarbituric acid reactions (p > 0.05) and H1-nuclear magnetic resonance, once these assays did not show differences on physicochemical stability of prilocaine in solution or prilocaine liposomal, sterilized or not. Rat infraorbital nerve blockade and mice tail-flick tests revealed that a prolonged anesthetic effect was produced by liposomal prilocaine in comparison to prilocaine in solution (p<0,001 e p<0,05, respectively). However, no statistical differences were found after comparison between liposomal prilocaine and vasoconstrictor-containing prilocaine (p>0,05). Local toxicity evaluation in rats showed that the liposomal prilocaine did not evoke rat paw edema when compared to the control groups: saline, Hepes buffer, prilocaine in solution and liposome (p > 0.05). There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between lipossomal prilocaine and their controls, in histological evaluation of rat oral mucous. In conclusion, the prilocaine encapsulation in liposomes enhanced the nerve sensorial blockade, without increasing local toxicity. Liposomal prilocaine can, therefore, be considered an option to local anesthesia in dentistry / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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