The desintegration of the USSR, the resulting release of censorship, and the related publication of earlier prohibited texts, as well as the new charakter of the book market entirely tranformed the shape of the literary field of the nineties. This thesis concerns itself with a specific segment of the professional literary production of this period. With its topic, this work aspires to contribute to the serious research of the little explored postcommunist period in the Russian literature. In order to assess and interpret the evolution of opininions in this period of time, the chosen method is the one of commented overview of literary criticism and of literary-theoretical texts published mainly between 1986 and 2000 in Russian publications (mostly in so-called "thick magazines"). The thesis focuses on studies interested in the work of the middle and younger generation of the Russian prose writers, and more precisely on studies concerning the structural aspects of the literary situation in the nineties. On the background of the specific cultural and social situation, the method of the ample commentary is an appropriate way regarding how to interpret the literary theorists' basis of thoughts and opinions, and at the same time how to affect these experts' relationship to the new tendencies in the...

1 SUMMARY The present thesis deals with cultural and cultural-political journals published between May 1945 and February 1948, as well as polemics that went on during that period. The thesis consists of two interconnected parts - the journals' profiles and the literary-historical introduction that analyzes certain important issues and problems in regard to the journals and selected personalities, placing them in the contemporary social context.

The present thesis aims to describe and, subsequently, analyze the essayistic oeuvre of Aloys Skoumal, focusing on the author's critical engagement. The prerequisite for such an analysis is a thorough research in Skoumal's articles, essays, prologues, epilogues, editorials and reviews, published in newspapers and journals from the mid1920s to the late 1970s. A substantial part of the thesis is the bibliography of articles, various journal contributions, prologues and epilogues by Aloys Skoumal.

This diploma thesis explores the possibility of mapping the reception of a literary text in terms of language management processes and in succession unveils the main differences in the perception of a literary text by a native opposed to a non-native speaker. The first three chapters treat the research methodology, which is based on Language Management Theory, Neustupný's approach to literary criticism through this concrete theory and single elements from formalism and structuralism. The research, which is described in chapters four to seven, focuses on the different moments of noting, evaluation and problem solving strategies realised by two readers of a modern Czech short story (one native and one non-native speaker). These processes are identified and analysed by the means of follow-up interviews. The aim of the thesis is to establish a complex methodology of identifying, describing and interpreting management processes which occur during the reception of a literary text and further to investigate the main characteristics that distinguish this process in the case of a native and a non-native recipient of the text.

The topic of this master thesis is F. V. Krejci's literary criticism. It analyses not only his approach to literary criticism as presented in his major as well as minor texts, but also his own output in the Rozhledy revue, presumably the best representative of modern literary-critical tendencies of the 1890s. The Rozhledy revue and F. V. Krejci's literary- critical output (including his monographs) both help us understand the literature of the second half of 19th century with its diversities as well as the way how the young generation of literary critics used to form their methodological aspects. The body of this master thesis is created by the complete and annotated bibliography of F. V. Krejci's texts published in Rozhledy. The research was based on both - the detailed study and analysis of the main sources and the author bibliography provided by the Institute of Czech Literature AS CR. In Rozhledy, F. V. Krejci published various political and literary articles. He also reviewed a few books. In his reviews, he usually wrote a non-detailed foreword and introduction. After that, he commented on a few aspects of the particular book. There are four topics he was interested about the reviewed masterpiece and that is its plot, message, overall meaning and its social impact. He also published some...

La présente thèse se propose de répertorier et d’analyser les références au classicisme français et le rôle qu’il a joué dans la critique littéraire roumaine, depuis la Révolution de Tudor Vladimirescu (1821) jusqu’à la chute du régime communiste (1989). Après avoir replacé la réception du modèle dans le cadre de l’histoire de la Roumanie et de ses relations politiques et intellectuelles avec la France (notamment par une étude de la traduction des classiques français en langue roumaine) et après une analyse généalogique et esthétique du concept de « classicisme français », on s’est efforcé de restituer, dans le contexte de chaque grande époque de la modernité roumaine, puis, pour chacune de ces périodes, à travers l’étude plus spécifique de quelques écrivains et critiques choisis comme les plus représentatifs en cette matière, la persistance et le renouvellement de l’image du classicisme français, lui-même fréquemment perçu et analysé comme l’expression nationale d’un classicisme « universel ». Ce cheminement chronologique a permis de dégager les trois usages majeurs que la critique roumaine a faits de la référence à cette notion : celui de modèle pour une création littéraire qui se cherchait, celui de critère pour son évaluation et celui d’enjeu dans le cadre des débats suscités par les courants nouveaux qui auront animé la vie littéraire roumaine depuis son émergence jusqu’à la presque fin du XXe siècle. / The present thesis proposes to catalogue and analyze references to French classicism and the role it has played in the Romanian literary criticism, from the Wallachian Uprising of 1821, led by Tudor Vladimirescu, to the fall of the communist regime (1989). After placing the reception of the model in the context of the history of Romania and its political and intellectual relations with France (including a study of the translation of French classics in Romanian) and after a genealogical and aesthetic analysis of the "French classicism" concept, we tried to reconstruct, in the context of each period of Romanian modernity, and, for each of these periods, through the more specific study of certain writers and critics considered the most representative in this matter, the persistence and renewal of the image of French classicism, itself frequently perceived and analyzed as the national expression of a "universal" classicism. This chronological process made it possible to identify the three manners in which the Romanian criticism used the reference to this notion: that of a model for a literary creation that sought itself, that of criterion for its evaluation and that of subject within the framework of debates aroused by the new currents that have animated the Romanian literary life since its emergence until the end of the twentieth century.

[pt] De primeira hora, no calor da hora: a crítica brasileira de literatura infantil nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 estuda a produção da crítica literária brasileira dos anos 1970 a 1980 sobre literatura infantil, com ênfase nas contribuições seminais nestas décadas, período divisor de águas, considerado o boom da nova literatura infantil e juvenil brasileira. A tese se desenvolve a partir da revisão bibliográfica das publicações de críticos literários brasileiros de literatura infantil selecionadas a partir de três pontos de produção significativa durante o período estudado: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Região Sul do Brasil, apontando aproximações e distanciamentos teóricos entre suas contribuições. Ao investigar em que medida esta crítica brasileira se constitui como elemento fundador de uma nova literatura infantil e juvenil brasileira a partir da década de 1970, a tese discute como estes autores de crítica literária definiram a literatura infantil e juvenil brasileira como objeto teórico na forma que hoje reconhecemos, demonstrando, assim, o papel desta geração de críticos como criadora mesma da literatura infantil brasileira ao lado de seus autores de ficção, e não mera repetidora. / [en] In the heat of the moment: Brazilian children s literature criticism in the 1970 s/80 s is the title of the present thesis about Brazilian literary criticism studies between 1970 and 1980 about children s literature. The thesis analyzes the key role of the theory authors during those remarkable decades known as the boom of the Brazilian children s literature. Adopting the bibliographical review method, the thesis investigates theory authors from Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and the south part of Brazil, where significant theoretical studies about children s literature were produced back in the 1970 s and 1980 s. The thesis demonstrates how this particular generation of literary critics contributes as founder of the new Brazilian children s literature, side by side with the fiction writers of the same period.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar ao público brasileiro a obra e a vida do ensaísta e crítico italiano Nicola Chiaromonte (1905-1972). O autor foi diretor da revista Tempo Presente (1956-1968) junto com o romancista Ignazio Silone, revista que se propunha como um livre espaço de pensamento e discussão, contrária ao totalitarismo que se propagava na Europa. Chiaromonte foi um intelectual empenhado politicamente, sempre preocupado com o compromisso entre Liberdade e Verdade, lutou contra o fascismo na Itália e combateu na Guerra Civil Espanhola. Durante sua jornada enquanto intelectual publicou constantemente ensaios em revistas culturais por onde passou, além de ser colaborador da Tempo Presente durante os doze anos de publicações. A presente dissertação pretende esboçar seu itinerário na qualidade pensador e crítico através da exposição de momentos, pessoas e ensaios que compuseram sua vida. Além disso, será apresentada a tradução de um de seus ensaios para a inserção desse crítico nos estudos do Brasil. / This work aims to present to the brazilian public the work and life of the critic and essayist Nichola Chiaromonte (1905-1972). The author was director of the review Tempo Presente (1956-1968) along with the novelist Ignazio Silone, a review which was proposed as a free space of thought and discussion, contrary to the totalitarianism that was spread in Europe. Chiaromonte was a politically engaged intellectual, always concerned with the commitment between Freedom and Truth, has fought against the fascism in Italy and battled the Spanish Civil War. During his journey as an intellectual, he constantly published essays in cultural reviews in many places he went, apart from collaborating with Tempo Presente for twelve years of publishing. The present dissertation intends to outline his itinerary as a thinker and critic throught the exposition of moments, people and essays that composed his life. Furthermore, will be presented the translation of one of his essays, in order to insert this critic in the Brazilian studies.

Orientador: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini / Banca: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Banca: Alice Áurea Penteado Martha / Resumo: Harold Bloom (1930) é, para muitos, o crítico norte-americano de maior destaque nos estudos literários da atualidade. Sua teoria da influência, além de possuir sua própria retórica, resgatou à literatura seus aspectos mais subjetivos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo empreender uma leitura de dissertações e teses acadêmicas brasileiras que tenham lançado mão da teoria da angústia da influência e seu mapa de desleitura, ou que discutam temas como o cânone literário, tão usualmente associado à figura do professor de Yale, enfático debatedor desse assunto. Para esse propósito foi feito o levantamento do corpus por meio de uma pesquisa nos principais sites e bancos de dados científicos brasileiros, como a Plataforma Lattes e o Banco de Tese da CAPES, e estabelecido os critérios de análise com base nas teses e dissertações que compõem esse corpus. A leitura desses trabalhos acadêmicos buscou identificar em que medida o crítico norte-americano está sendo lido no meio acadêmico brasileiro e compreender qual a amplitude dessas leituras. Por conseguinte, esta dissertação tem o intuito de entender qual a relevância das idéias de Bloom para o intelectual brasileiro da área de Letras. / Abstract: Nowadays, Harold Bloom (1930) is, to many, the North-american critic of major projection in literary studies. His theory of influence, besides to have its own rhethorics, brought back to literature its more subjective aspects. The present work has as its objectives to engage in a reading of Brazilian academic dissertations and thesis which have made usage of the theory of anxiety of influence and his map of misreading, or which discuss themes as the literary canon, so usually associated to the professor of Yale's figure, an emphatic debater of this subject. With this purpose in mind it was made the survey of the corpus through a research in the main Brazilian scientific websites and databases, like Plataforma Lattes and CAPES thesis database, and it was established the criteria of analysis based upon the thesis and dissertations which compound this corpus. The reading of these academic works sought to identify in what extent the North-American critic is been read in Brazilian academic environment and comprehend how wide have been these readings. Therefore, this dissertation has as its aim to understand how relevant to the Brazilian scholar of Language and Literature the ideas of Bloom area. / Mestre

L’étude retrace l’évolution de la critique littéraire en France à l’ère numérique, en se référant à sa fonction prescriptive. Dans son approche, l’auteure s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain auprès des acteurs de l’espace critique – éditeurs, blogueurs, fondateurs de sites participatifs et sur l’observation des blogs et sites littéraires français. Elle analyse les mutations de la critique du web à la fois sur le plan social et discursif. La phase interactive de l’internet, qui a libéré des voix de profanes, s’imposant comme de nouveaux évaluateurs, crée un espace critique parallèle, et en conséquence force le champ littéraire à se réorganiser. En même temps, sur le plan formel, le nouveau médium façonne et transforme le discours critique lui-même, tout autant dans la phase de la création que celle de la diffusion et de la réception de la parole critique. Les nouvelles formes de médiation, ouvertes aux échanges, privilégient de plus en plus la dimension collective. Il en résulte des formes de sociabilités littéraires numériques, dont les membres, par leur activité critique, créent non seulement une nouvelle force de prescription sur le marché du livre, mais ils contribuent également à la fabrication d’un canon littéraire alternatif. Le changement le plus significatif se traduit notamment par ces manifestations collectives de la critique contemporaine. Nourries d’échanges de lecteurs passionnés et renforcées par des résultats d’agrégations de données, pouvant être ainsi considérées comme le fruit d’une alliance de la subjectivité individuelle et de l’objectivité produite par la machine, elles transforment fondamentalement le mode de fabrication du discours critique actuel. / The study traces the evolution of literary criticism in France in the digital age, referring to its prescriptive function. In her approach, the author relies on a field survey among actors of the critical space - publishers, bloggers, founders of participatory sites and on the observation of French blogs and literary sites. She analyzes the mutations of web critique, both social and discursive. The interactive phase of the Internet which has released voices of amateurs, self-appointed as new evaluators, creates a parallel critical space, and consequently forces the literary field to reorganize itself. At the same time, on the formal plane, the new medium shapes and transforms the critical discourse itself, both in the phase of creation and in the diffusion and reception of critical speech. The new forms of mediation, open to exchange, more and more favour the collective dimension. As a result, many digital literary communities are being formed whose critical activity not only create a new prescriptive force on the book market but also contribute to the making of an alternative literary canon. The most significant change is reflected in these collective manifestations of contemporary criticism – nourished by passionate exchange of readers and reinforced by the results of data aggregation (which can thus be considered as the result of an alliance of individual subjectivity and the objectivity produced by the machine) - which transform fundamentally the way of constructing the current critical discourse.