The purpose of this study was to document the literacy practices of three 5-7 year old boys who were in the formative stage of formal schooling. The study took place in the British Virgin Islands, a group of 60 or so islands, cays, and islets located in the Caribbean. I examined these boys’ literacy practices in three contexts — home, community and school. Through observations, interviews and samplings of conversations at home, I found that school literacy dominated all three contexts and was used similarly in all three contexts. Additionally, parents were consciously reinforcing school literacy in the home. The three boys were reading, writing, speaking and listening at their expected grade level and appeared to be steadily progressing. Religion appeared to play an important role in supporting the children’s literacy development, consistent with the country’s Christian heritage. As previous research in other contexts (e.g., Marsh, 2003) has shown, home and community literacy practices remain largely unrecognized and untapped at school.

The purpose of this study was to document the literacy practices of three 5-7 year old boys who were in the formative stage of formal schooling. The study took place in the British Virgin Islands, a group of 60 or so islands, cays, and islets located in the Caribbean. I examined these boys’ literacy practices in three contexts — home, community and school. Through observations, interviews and samplings of conversations at home, I found that school literacy dominated all three contexts and was used similarly in all three contexts. Additionally, parents were consciously reinforcing school literacy in the home. The three boys were reading, writing, speaking and listening at their expected grade level and appeared to be steadily progressing. Religion appeared to play an important role in supporting the children’s literacy development, consistent with the country’s Christian heritage. As previous research in other contexts (e.g., Marsh, 2003) has shown, home and community literacy practices remain largely unrecognized and untapped at school.

The purpose of this study was to document the literacy practices of three 5-7 year old boys who were in the formative stage of formal schooling. The study took place in the British Virgin Islands, a group of 60 or so islands, cays, and islets located in the Caribbean. I examined these boys’ literacy practices in three contexts — home, community and school. Through observations, interviews and samplings of conversations at home, I found that school literacy dominated all three contexts and was used similarly in all three contexts. Additionally, parents were consciously reinforcing school literacy in the home. The three boys were reading, writing, speaking and listening at their expected grade level and appeared to be steadily progressing. Religion appeared to play an important role in supporting the children’s literacy development, consistent with the country’s Christian heritage. As previous research in other contexts (e.g., Marsh, 2003) has shown, home and community literacy practices remain largely unrecognized and untapped at school. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-28T08:56:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucenilda Sueli Mendes Cavalcante.pdf: 1338606 bytes, checksum: 28ec4ae1f9bda015bbc4e6ee011cd952 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-28T08:56:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucenilda Sueli Mendes Cavalcante.pdf: 1338606 bytes, checksum: 28ec4ae1f9bda015bbc4e6ee011cd952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / The aim of the present work is to analyze practices of literary reading within the school environment by using the collections of books of the PNBE (Programa Nacional Biblioteca na Escola – Brazilian School Library National Program) addressed to the final years of Elementary School (6 to 9 years of age). The study was based on bibliographical research, particularly on theoretical studies concerning children’s and adolescent literature in educational settings, and on experimental research on literary reading practices, as performed in the final years of Elementary School in the district of Santa Inês – MA (a Northeastern state of Brazil). The data obtained from the field research shows that literary books have reached schools. However, the few existing strategies to approach literary reading that make use of the book collections from the PNBE should be reassessed in the light of the theoretical assumptions regarding literary schooling and literary literacy. It is our intention to discuss the importance of literature on human development and its presence in schools focusing on the distribution, circulation and literary reading strategies of the PNBE book collections. Our contention is that actions stemming from the Program that are truly committed to fostering literary literacy in schools will contribute decisively to the development of competent literary readers / O presente trabalho visa analisar as práticas de leitura literária, no âmbito escolar, com uso do acervo do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE), destinado aos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica considerando estudos teóricos no âmbito da literatura infantil e juvenil na escola e pesquisa de campo sobre práticas de leitura literária, realizada em escolas de ensino fundamental (anos finais) da rede municipal de Santa Inês, MA. A pesquisa de campo evidencia que a literatura tem chegado às escolas, no entanto, as escassas práticas de leitura literária realizadas a partir dos acervos do PNBE necessitam ser repensadas à luz dos pressupostos teóricos sobre a escolarização da literatura e o letramento literário. Nesse sentido, objetivamos, nessa pesquisa, discutir sobre a literatura na formação humana e sua presença na escola, com ênfase na distribuição, circulação e práticas de leitura literária a partir dos acervos do PNBE. Propomos que as ações desse Programa possam, através da leitura literária na escola, resultar na formação de leitores literários por meio da realização de práticas de leitura condizentes ao letramento literário

[pt] Esta tese constrói uma perspectiva teórica que considera a miniatura como dispositivo de criação em práticas artísticas e literárias, em articulação com o pensamento de Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) e de seu projeto de escrever um comentário sobre o tema da miniaturização (Verkleinerung), a partir do conto de fadas A nova Melusina (Die neue Melusine), de Goethe. Esse desejo de escrita é o ponto de partida deste estudo, que investiga a imagem do escritor judeu-alemão como colecionador, com uma atenção especial por sua coleção de pequenos objetos (miniaturas, velhos brinquedos, globos de neve, livros infantis, selos e cartões postais) e por seu interesse crítico, no contexto do exílio, pela infância, ao redor da qual constelam conceitos (mônada, coleção, técnica) e figuras-chave de seu pensamento (criança, colecionador, trapeiro). Tais conceitos e figuras operam como ferramentas metodológicas da pesquisa, que pensa a miniatura como uma forma estética vinculada à infância e a miniaturização como uma técnica de reprodução. Sob a forma de um caderno de leitura e escrita, a investigação apresenta anotações e comentários sobre a miniatura e a miniaturização como dispositivos de criação no campo da literatura e das artes, elegendo como corpus tanto trabalhos de artistas que compõem séries com miniaturas, quanto ficções literárias que tematizam a miniatura como signo do pequeno. / [en] This thesis explores Walter Benjamin s work and, more specifically, his ideas for a commentary on miniaturization (Verkleinerung) that would be inspired by Goethe s The New Melusine (Die neue Melusine), to elaborate a theoretical perspective that envisions the process of miniaturization and the miniature itself as creative apparatuses for artistic and literary practices. This study also investigates Benjamin as a collector, focusing on his collection of small objects -such as miniatures, old toys, snow globes, children s books, stamps, and postal cards- and his interest on the topic of childhood, which emerged during his time in exile. This later interest would also allow the Jewish-German writer to develop not only the key concepts of monad, collection, and technique, but also the imagery that would become crucial to his work -namely, the child, the collector, and the ragman. This constellation of concepts and imagery will act as a methodological device in this thesis, which understands the miniaturization process as a reproduction technique and the miniature as an aesthetic form that is itself connected to the notion of childhood. By adopting the format of a journal composed of notations and critical comments that position both the miniaturization process and the miniature as creative apparatuses for literature and the arts, this study also investigates not only literary writings that adopt the idea of the miniature as a symbol, but the works of artists that touch on the topic of miniaturization as well. / [fr] Cette thèse propose une perspective théorique qui considère la miniature comme un dispositif de création dans des pratiques artistiques et littéraires, en articulation avec la pensée de Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) et son projet d écrire un commentaire sur le thème de la miniaturisation (Verkleinerung), à partir du conte de fées La nouvelle Mélusine (Die neue Melusine) de Goethe. Ce désir d écriture constitue le point de départ de cette étude, qui explore l image de l écrivain juif-allemand en tant que collectionneur, avec une attention particulière portée à la fois à sa collection de petits objets (miniatures, jouets anciens, boules à neige, livres pour enfants, timbres et cartes postales) et à son intérêt critique, dans le contexte de l exil, pour l enfance, autour de laquelle se retrouvent des concepts (monade, collection, technique) et des figures clés de sa pensée (enfant, collectionneur, chiffonnier). Ces concepts et ces figures procèdent dans la thèse comme des outils de recherche méthodologique, afin de donner à voir la miniature comme une forme esthétique liée à l enfance et la miniaturisation comme une technique de reproduction. Le travail de recherche présente, sous forme d un cahier de lecture et d écriture, des annotations et des commentaires sur la miniature et la miniaturisation comme dispositifs de création dans le domaine de la littérature et des arts, choisissant comme corpus des oeuvres d artistes composant des séries de miniatures que des fictions littéraires qui thématisent la miniature comme signe du petit.

Thèse en recherche-création / Cette recherche-création doctorale, dont l’un des principaux objectifs consiste à éprouver la portée heuristique de l’écriture comme recherche, est composée d’un recueil intitulé Murmurations - et d’un essai réflexif que j’appréhende comme mon Carnet de voyage-thèse. Fondamentalement articulés, ils procèdent des expérimentations d’écritures auxquelles je me suis prêtée avec trois autres femmes : Catherine, Fanie et France. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, je nous ai invitées à écrire nos vieillissements. Le recueil Murmurations, destiné à être publié, réunit les huit textes que nous avons produits, mes co-autrices et moi, à la suite d’une correspondance in absentia que nous devions entreprendre avec les personnes que nous considérons respectivement comme nos pères. Ces derniers ont un point commun, celui d’avoir reçu, au cours des 10 années précédant le début de ma recherche, un diagnostic d’Alzheimer ou d’une maladie apparentée (généralement associée au vieillissement et, plus précisément, au vieillissement du cerveau). Je reproduis ci-dessous la quatrième de couverture de Murmurations, le recueil d’écritures de vieillissements dont, en tant que chercheuse et initiatrice du projet, j’ai fait l’édition : Murmurations Pratiques d’écritures multiples et multiformes saisies en plein vol. Recueillies ici, ces écritures de France Brûlé, Fanie Pelletier, Catherine Lépine-Lafrance et Karine Bellerive composent une fascinante chorégraphie. Écrire les vieillissements. Écrire ses vieillissements, ses rapports changeants à soi, à son père, aux héritages et aux deuils, à la littérature, à l’écriture, au temps, au monde… Me situant à l’intersection des cultural studies et des aging studies, j’aborde dans mon Carnet de voyage-thèse les différents enjeux de vieillissements qui se sont révélés à travers nos expérimentations d’écritures, à mes co-autrices et moi. La réflexion que je déploie dans cet essai réflexif se situe à l’encontre des conceptions strictement chronologiques, et en cela réductrices, du vieillissement. Sous-tendu par une épistémologie résolument féministe, l’ensemble de mon projet vise, au contraire, à en montrer l’hétérogénéité et les aspérités - bien au-delà des perspectives qui l’envisagent d’emblée comme déclin et, à l’autre bout du spectre, des injonctions au successful aging. J’appréhende ainsi les vieillissements en ce qu’ils sont informés par nombre de discours, de pratiques et de rapports de pouvoir et en ce qu’ils participent de multiples temporalités. Ponctué d’écritures en images, mon Carnet de voyage-thèse est découpé en six parties, lesquelles peuvent être abordées dans le désordre. Les Lignes de départ offrent cependant quelques clés de lecture. Suivent la Station Femmes et littératures, la Station Deuils, les Passages et passagers : écrire dans la maison du père, la Station Héritières et héritage et la Station Écritures. Dans les Lignes de départ, j’expose les grandes lignes de mon projet : les questions et préoccupations qui l’ont initié, ainsi que les choix sur lesquels il repose sur le plan méthodologique. Je donne également un bref aperçu de l’ensemble de l’essai. Suit la présentation de mes co-autrices : Catherine, Fanie et France. J’aborde enfin, succinctement, les considérations épistémologiques, éthiques et politiques qui m’ont guidée tout au long de ma recherche. Mon travail, dans la Station Femmes et littératures, repose sur mon appropriation du matérialisme culturel de Raymond Williams, et plus spécifiquement du concept de structure of feeling. Je réfléchis, d’une part, aux manières dont nos pratiques littéraires, à Catherine, Fanie, France et moi, s’inscrivent au sein des littératures et des littératures de femmes. Et j’observe, d’autre part, les rapports de pouvoir et les régimes de valeur qui les traversent. Dans la Station Deuils, je m’applique à problématiser et à historiciser les deuils auxquels je nous ai vues confrontées, Catherine, Fanie, France et moi, à travers nos écritures de vieillissements. Je m’intéresse à ce qui les constitue comme deuils et aux manières dont nous les négocions à travers nos écritures. Dans les Passages et passagers : écrire dans la maison du père, je pose la question du père. Toute cette section met en quelque sorte les pères sous rature, dans l’optique les penser au-delà du sens commun - largement fondé sur une idéologie du sang. J’observe ensuite les pères et les rapports fille-père qui sont écrits par des autrices à différentes époques, de même que les pères et les rapports fille-père que nous écrivons nous-mêmes, Catherine, Fanie, France et moi. Je me penche plus précisément sur ce que génèrent ces écritures de pères. Ma pratique d’écriture réflexive, dans la Station Héritières et héritage, s’inspire de celle de Maggie Nelson dans Les Argonautes (2015). Je m’intéresse au travail de l’héritage, soit aux enjeux que ce travail soulève, aux contraintes et aux libertés qui le fondent et à ce vers quoi il nous oriente, mes co-autrtices et moi. J’adopte une perspective derridienne dans la Station Écritures afin d’appréhender l’écriture en tant que trace, en tant qu’inscription. J’ouvre le concept pour montrer comment diverses approches de l’écriture posent différentes questions et m’amènent à penser différents enjeux, dont plusieurs s’articulent à des enjeux de vieillissements. J’expose d’abord comment nos expérimentations d’écritures, à Catherine, Fanie, France et moi, s’inscrivent dans un souci de soi et des autres. Je présente ensuite les matérialités qui les constituent. Je m’intéresse enfin à certains enjeux de pouvoir qui les traversent ainsi qu’à leur force performative. / This doctoral research-creation, one of whose main objectives is to test the heuristic scope of writing as research, is made up of a collection entitled Murmurations and a reflective essay that I envision as my Carnet de voyage-thèse, or logbook/thesis. These two intertwined components are an outgrowth of the writing experiments in which I engaged with three other women, namely Catherine, Fanie, and France. As part of my thesis, I invited the four of us to “write our agings”. Murmurations is a collection (destined to be published) of eight texts that my co-authors and I produced following in absentia correspondence we set out to pursue with the people we respectively consider to be our fathers. All of them shared the commonality of having been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or a related illness (generally associated with aging and, more specifically, with brain aging) within the 10 years prior to the start of my research. Below I have reproduced (freely translated into English) the back cover of Murmurations, the collection of writings which I edited, as the researcher and project initiator: Murmurations Multiple and multifaceted writings captured in mid-flight. Collected here are writings by France Brûlé, Fanie Pelletier, Catherine Lépine-Lafrance, and Karine Bellerive, which together make up a captivating choreography. To write our agings. To write our agings, changing relationships with ourselves, our fathers, inheritances and mourning, literature, writing, time, the world... Located at the crossroads of cultural studies and aging studies, I take up in my logbook/thesis the various issues of aging that came to light through my own and my co-authors’ writing experiments. The reflection that I develop in this reflective essay is at odds with strictly chronological, and therefore reductive, conceptions of aging. My entire project is underpinned by a resolutely feminist epistemology and quite conversely sets out to show the heterogeneity and rough edges of aging—beyond outlooks of aging seen a priori as a decline or, at the other end of the spectrum, exhortations of successful aging. I understand aging as being informed by a number of discourses, practices, and power relations, and partaking in multiple temporalities. My logbook/thesis is interspersed with images and divided into six parts, which can be approached in any (dis)order. The Lignes de départ or opening lines, however, offer some keys for reading the text. They are followed by the Station Femmes et littératures (women and literatures station), the Station Deuils (mourning station), Passages et passagers : écrire dans la maison du père (passages and passengers: writing in the father’s house), the Station Héritières et héritage (heiresses and inheritance station), and the Station Écritures (writings station). In the opening lines, I outline my project, i.e., the questions and concerns that gave rise to it, as well as the choices on which its methodology is based. I also give a brief overview of the essay as a whole. This is followed by a presentation of my co-authors, Catherine, Fanie, and France. Finally, I briefly discuss the epistemological, ethical, and political considerations that guided me throughout my research. My work in the Station Femmes et littératures is based on my appropriation of Raymond Williams’ cultural materialism, and more specifically the concept of structure of feeling. I reflect on how our (Catherine’s, Fanie’s, France’s, and my own) literary practices are situated within literature and women’s literatures in particular. At the same time, I also observe the power relations and value systems inhabiting these literatures. In the Station Deuils, I attempt to problematize and historicize the mourning that I have seen Catherine, Fanie, France, and myself face through our writings. I am interested in what constitutes this mourning as grief and how we negotiate this grief through our writings. In Passages et passagers : écrire dans la maison du père, I pose the question of the father. This entire section in a sense places fathers under erasure, in order to ponder them beyond common sense (i.e., largely based on an ideology of blood relations). I then look at fathers and daughter-father relationships that have been written about by women authors during different time periods, as well as the fathers and the daughter-father relationships that Catherine, Fanie, France, and I have written ourselves. I look specifically at what emerges from these writings on fathers. My reflective writing practice in the Station Héritières et héritage is inspired by Maggie Nelson’s practice in Les Argonautes (2015). I examine the work of inheritance: the issues that this work raises, its underlying constraints and freedoms, and how it orients my co-authors and me. I adopt a Derridean perspective in the Station Écritures in order to grasp writing as a trace, as an inscription. I break down the concept to show how different approaches to writing raise different questions and lead me to think about different issues, many of which are connected with issues of aging. I first explain how our (Catherine’s, Fanie’s, France’s, and my own) writing experiments participate in care of the self and others. I then discuss their inherent materiality. Finally, I investigate some of their associated power issues and their performative power. Keywords: Aging, writing, literary practices, literatures, women, father, family, Alzheimer’s, mourning, inheritance, perfomativity, feminist epistemology, power relations, cultural studies, aging studies.