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The fiscal implications of differential population change for local authorities in England and Wales 1971-1981Offord, John January 1987 (has links)
The evidence of 'counterurbanisation' in Britain suggests that differential outmigration is occurring in all of the country's metropolitan areas. The growth of suburbs and free-standing towns and cities is at the expense of city centres. The loss of population from central cities leads to the increasing concentration of a service dependant population who place growing demands on locally provided services. The loss of part of the local tax base adds to the fiscal pressure on local authorities who need to spend more, but experience reduced revenues. In Britain, this is partly offset by the receipt of central government grant suport, although in aggregate this too has been reduced. In order to assess the extent to which the concept of 'fiscal stress' can be applied to British cities, it was first necessary to define a set of central cities and their suburbs, or lq'functionally linked districts'. This was done using commuting data for all the post-1974 402 lower tier local authorities in England and Wales, for both 1971 and 1981. The resulting classification formed the basis of all further analysis in this thesis. The measurement of an authority's 'need to spend' is necessary to determine the existence and extent of fiscal stress. Having considered the various grant mechanisms employed over the 1971-81 period, and the philosophy of needs assessment, the Grant Related Expenditure Assessment (GREA) approach, as currently used in the government's block grant system, is discussed. This methodology identifies the client group for each locally provided service and applies a unit cost weighting for each client, such that, when taken over all services, a total need to spend is calculated. A comparable aproach was adopted, and calculations undertaken, for all 402 lower tier authorities for both 1971 and 1981. This permitted the description of the need to spend of local authority groups both functionally and administratively. Changes over time were presented, and the relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and physical features in determining changes in need to spend were identified. Consideration was then turned to the local tax base in the form of rateable value. The rates are discussed for their suitability as a local tax and some of the alternatives are considered. The pattern of changes in rateable value since the last revaluation in 1973 is presented, and the small degree of change is noted as the main feature. Faced with a virtually static tax base and changing need to spend, an authority's only means of raising sufficient revenue is by increased tax effort, which is seen in the local tax rate, or rate poundage increases. Changes in rate poundage are discussed, and attention is turned to actual expenditure by six main service headings, which is described using the functional and administrative classifications. This leads finally to a simultaneous expenditure model which highlights the inter-relationship of needs, grant, rateable value and rate poundage in determining expenditure.
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The application of the Local Income Tax to the United KingdomThompson, C. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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Financing local government in metropolitan areas a case study of Madison, Wisconsin.Shapiro, Harvey. January 1961 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Strategic Interactions among Swedish local governments /Edmark, Karin, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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THE IMPACT OF REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION AND ECONOMIC BASE ON REVENUE STABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTSYan, Wenli 01 January 2008 (has links)
In recent decades, revenue diversification has become a prevalent practice in state and local government finance. The trend of revenue diversification, according to the portfolio theory, has far-reaching implication for public financial management as it may change revenue stability, which has been an important policy objective for state and local government administrators. This study explores how revenue diversification affects revenue stability from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. Drawing on portfolio theory and regional science literature, this study develops a theoretical framework to explain how the effect of revenue diversification on revenue volatility of sub-national governments varies in terms of its economic base instability. To empirically test the theoretical framework, an econometric model that explores a series of factors that could affect revenue stability is estimated using socioeconomic and fiscal data of 156 Georgia county governments and 47 state governments during the years 1986-2004.
The findings indicate that revenue diversification affects revenue stability conditional on the instability of a jurisdiction’s economic base. The county level analysis suggests revenue diversification significantly increases the revenue instability of a county that has a stable economic base and the revenue stabilizing effect of diversification is enhanced as an economic base becomes more unstable. However, the state level analysis shows that revenue diversification significantly reduces revenue volatility for a state that has a stable economic base and the revenue stabilizing effect of diversification decreases when an economic base gets more unstable.
An important policy implication of the dissertation is that the degree of revenue diversification should be gauged by the condition of its corresponding economic base in order to achieve the goal of revenue stability.
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Offentlig kultur i omvandling? : om prestationsfinansiering och konkurrensutsättning av offentlig serviceverksamhet /Johansson, Anders, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. Örebro : Univ., 2003.
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Local government finance under Zambia's 2016 constitutionMithi, Vivien N January 2018 (has links)
Magister Philosophiae - MPhil (Law) / When Zambia got its independence in 1964, there was neither a constitutional reference to
local government nor constitutional provisions for local government finance. However, the
new Zambian government inherited a relatively stable local government finance system. One
year after Independence, councils operated under a new effected Local Government Act of
1965. The period 1965 to 1973 was a period of great success for local government, as it
continued to enjoy stable and strong fiscal resources. Councils raised adequate own revenues
from sources such as local electricity, water, housing and motor vehicle licensing. Local
government also received adequate grants from the central government which were targeted
for the development of each Council.
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Local Government Finance: A Projection for North Logan, UtahCampbell, J. Mark 01 May 1971 (has links)
This study was developed to determine the future fiscal condition of a small rural municipality, North Logan, Utah. An effort was made to determine whether or not present revenue sources would be able to keep pace with future expenditures at the local government level by projecting North Logan, Utah's, revenues and expenditures for 1975 and 1980. North Logan, Utah, should not have an "expenditure-revenue gap" within the next 10 years. At this time, it would appear that because of the construction growth and sales tax proportional increases, both due to large population increases, North Logan should have sufficient revenue to provide all future public goods and services demanded by the community.
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Analýza zabezpečování veřejných služeb na municipální úrovni / The Analysis of Public Services Provision on Municipal LevelFATRDLOVÁ, Marie January 2008 (has links)
This master thesis deals with analysis of providing of public services at the municipal level. Thesis is evaluated on the basis of information gathered in 10 municipalities from which 7 are situated in the Jihočeský kraj region and 3 are situated in the Vysočina region. Since the law not specifies strict variant of providing the services, municipalities may choose the most suitable alternative. Data were gathered in the period from the year 2001 to 2006. Five chosen services were the object of the analysis. The services were: Municipal solid waste disposal, public green foliage maintenance, local communications maintenance, streetlight maintenance and funeral services. The results of thesis are the ways of providing examined services by municipalities and whether there are possibilities to raise the effectiveness of providing these services.
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中央與地方府際衝突之研究 / The Research on Conflicts between Central and Local Governments高美莉, Kao, Mei Li Unknown Date (has links)
1999年地方制度法施行以來,地方極力爭取自主權,中央與地方自治團體間衍生多次衝突,爭議之層面涵括地方財政權、立法權及人事權等地方自治核心領域。針對中央地方衝突,司法院大法官作出多號解釋,惟並未定紛止爭,突顯出建立中央地方衝突解決機制之必要性。
本論文選擇五個衝突個案,分別是財政衝突的統籌分配稅款及地方積欠健保政府補助款;立法衝突之行動電話基地台自治條例牴觸案及台北市里長延選案;人事權衝突之縣市警察局長任免案。先以府際關係理論進行鉅觀分析,分析其府際關係網絡圖,突顯其網絡利害關係人,如何進行聯合或對抗。次以賽局理分論析中央地方之賽局策略選擇過程,進而賽局及報酬模擬分析。
期望透過各類型中央地方府際衝突個案研究,提出解決下列問題。一、釐清中央地方府際衝突之影響因素?二、究竟何為中央地方權限爭議解決機制?三、台灣府際衝突之關係網絡圖像為何?四、府際衝突賽局中之博奕過程模式為何?
本研究提出四項結論。一、法律與制度變遷與府際衝突交互運作影響;二、政黨對立為府際係衝突最關鍵影響因素;三、建立多元之協調解決機制,為解決府際衝突之有效措施。四、提出全觀型府際賽局理論,以詮釋我國府際關係衝突現象。
本研究並提出五項建議,有助於未來我國府際關係正向發展,一、釐清府際衝突深層網絡關係結構,二、擴大跨域合作府際關係,三、追求中央與地方府際之最適效益,四、邁向多層次之地方治理,五、體認「地方自治為憲法制度性保障」之真諦。 / Since the Local Government Act enacted in 1999, local governments strive for local autonomy; therefore some supervisory conflicts aroused between central and local government. Those conflicts related to law autonomous enactment, finance autonomous rights and personnel rights. Despite Judicial Interpretation No.550 and 553 had review above conflicts, disputes still remained unsolved, which proclaimed the importance of constructing the reconciliatory mechanism of conflicts.
This study tries to analyze five conflict cases including tax redistribution fund, premium of National Health Insurance, cellular phone base management local act, the prolonged election of Taipei li-chairman and incumbency of police bureau chief.
Four conclusions are drawn as below, first, legal and system change will affect the IGR conflicts mutually. Second, parties antagonism is a crucial factor for IGR conflicts. Third, multi reconciliatory mechanism of conflicts would be efficient, a holistic game theory could interpret those conflicts.
The last chapter proposes recommendations such as to clarify the IGR networks structure, broaden the cross-boundary cooperation, pursuit the optimal payoffs, work towards a multi-level governance and comprehend the core meaning of “local autonomy as a system assurance”.
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