Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάδειξη του ρόλου της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας στη λήψη αποφάσεων. Την δημιουργία κατάλληλων μοντέλων γραμμικού προγραμματισμού που θα αντικατροπτίζουν τη λειτουργία της και τα οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε μια ευρεία γκάμα πιθανών μελλοντικών σεναρίων. Απώτερος σκοπός μας είναι η διοίκηση να μπορεί να λαμβάνει γρήγορα και αντικειμενικά τις απαραίτητες αποφάσεις οι οποίες θα επιτρέψουν στην εταιρεία να ανταποκριθεί σε ένα τόσο δυναμικό και αμφίρροπο περιβάλλον όπως το σημερινό. Βασιζόμενοι στην εργασία των M.T. Melo, S. Nickel και F. Saldanha da Gama Dynamic multi-commodity capacitated facility location: a mathematical modelling framework for strategic supply chain planning (2005). Στην μοντελοποίηση μας θεωρήσαμε πως έχουμε παραγωγικές μονάδες οι οποίες αποστέλλουν προϊόντα στα κέντρα διανομής και τα οποία αποστέλλουν προϊόντα στους λιανοπωλητές. Αναπαράγαμε το μοντέλο της προαναφερθείσας εργασίας και το χρησιμοποιήσαμε σαν μονάδα ελέγχου και στη συνέχεια δημιουργήσαμε ένα εξελιγμένο μοντέλο ίδιου μεγέθους με το βασικό και στην συνέχεια προχωρήσαμε σε μια μεγέθυνση του εξελιγμένου μοντέλου Τα κυριότερα ζητήματα που θα εξεταστούν μέσο των μοντέλων είναι τα ακόλουθα: · Ικανότητα δημιουργίας νέων κέντρων διανομής με μεταφορά δυναμικότητας από τα προϋπάρχοντα κέντρα διανομής · Ικανότητα δημιουργίας νέων κέντρων διανομής και εργοστασίων με ρευστοποίηση δυναμικότητας υπαρχόντων εγκαταστάσεων και επαναγορά καινούριας · Ικανότητα δημιουργίας νέων κέντρων διανομής και εργοστασίων με μεταφορά δυναμικότητας σε αντίστοιχες νέες εγκαταστάσεις · Ικανότητα δημιουργίας νέων κέντρων διανομής και εργοστασίων με μεταφορά δυναμικότητας σε αντίστοιχες νέες εγκαταστάσεις και ικανότητα αγοράς επιπλέον δυναμικότητας χωρίς να υπερβαίνουμε το ανώτερο όριο της εγκατάστασης · Ικανότητα δημιουργίας νέων κέντρων διανομής και εργοστασίων με μεταφορά δυναμικότητας σε αντίστοιχες νέες εγκαταστάσεις και ικανότητα ρευστοποίησης της επιπλέον δυναμικότητας χωρίς να υπερβαίνουμε το κατώτερο όριο λειτουργίας της εγκατάστασης · Χρηματοδότηση νέων εγκαταστάσεων · Αύξηση ζήτησης · Μείωση ζήτησης · Πληθωρισμός / The purpose of the dissertation is to illustrate the significance of the supply chain management in decision making. This is achieved by the creation of numerical models that will simulate the functions of the supply chain and that adapt a variety of different scenarios. The general idea is that a company can use the knowledge provided by the models to make the proper decisions swiftly and efficiently show that it can cope with the current dynamic and unpredictable circumstances. The core of this dissertation is based on the paper of M.T. Melo, S. Nickel και F. Saldanha da Gama Dynamic multi-commodity capacitated facility location: a mathematical modelling framework for strategic supply chain planning (2005). In our approach we have Production Plants (PP), Distribution Centres (DC) and Small Businesses (SB). The products can only be sent from the PP to the DC and from the DC to the SB and not otherwise. We use the model from the previous paper as our reference model and we remodel it under various assumptions. Then we dramatically increase the facilities number that we use to investigate how well our assumptions will work with larger problems. The issues that will be addressed by our models are the followings: · The creation of new DC by transferring capacity from the ones that already exist · The creation of new PP and DC by liquidating the capacity of the existing DD and DC and buying new capacity · The creation of new PP and DC by moving capacity only among facilities of the same type · The creation of new PP and DC by moving capacity only among facilities of the same type with the ability to purchase excess capacity without surpassing their maximum capabilities · The creation of new PP and DC by moving capacity only among facilities of the same type with the ability to liquidate the excess capacity · Financing new facilities · Increasing demand · Decreasing demand · Inflation

This study is divided into two main parts. The first section deals with mathematical properties of distance functions. The fp norm is analyzed as a function of its parameter p, leading to useful insights for fitting this distance measure to a transportation network. Properties of round norms are derived, which allow us later to generalize some well-known results. The properties of a norm raised to a power are also investigated, and these prove useful in our subsequent analysis of location problems with economies or diseconomies of scale. A positive linear combination of the Euclidean and rectangular distance measures, which we term the weighted one-two norm, is introduced. This distance function provides a linear regression model with interesting implications on the characterization of transportation networks. A directional bias function is defined, and examined in detail for the Pp and weighted one-two norms. In the second part of this study, several properties are derived for various forms of the continuous minisum location model. The Weiszfeld iterative solution procedure for the standard Weber problem with fp distances is also examined, and global and local convergence results obtained. These results are extended to the mixed-norm problem. In addition, optimality criteria are derived at non-differentiable points of the objective function. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The study of location has a long and extensive history. As this area of study has evolved, there has been an increased recognition of the challenges and the many significant external factors, driven by the changes of trends and criteria on location decisions. Whether it is the world economy, technology and environment issues, and it has affected the existing models used in production location decision.    The primary aim of this thesis was to review the broad base of literature of production location decision, especially on models and factors concerning the manufacturing and supply chain area. The thesis also uncovers previous research that has examined the current status concerning models and factors used in production localisation decision.   Following a brief quantitative analysis of the research area development, the project applied mainly a qualitative approach to the study. Literature databases, literature reviews and case study reports were used as data sources. Literature reviews were used as base for the description, explanation, exploration and correlation analyses within the study.   Based on existing literature, this thesis presents a framework to categorise the existing location models and factors. The framework presents the used models and factors in production location decisions. Three industrial case study reports (from master thesis projects from Väderstad, Alfdex and IKEA) were gathered and used to examine the researchers’ own synthetic framework and further explore the research questions. The result is summarized in the framework that can lead users to understand the current status and the trend concerning the models and factors used in production location decision.     Keywords: Location decision, Production location, Location models and Location factors, Models and actors categorization.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17873号 / 工博第3782号 / 新制||工||1578(附属図書館) / 30693 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷口 栄一, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 宇野 伸宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:05:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ARLISS_2006.pdf: 6503141 bytes, checksum: 35cb76273269987a726a1cb13c65f385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-12 / Este trabalho buscou desenvolver um modelo matemático e um procedimento metodológico que contribuam para o estudo de localização de indústrias de reciclagem na cadeia logística reversa do coco verde. Os resíduos do coco verde jogados nos lixões ou espalhados pelas praias causam um grande impacto ao meio ambiente. Estes resíduos podem ganhar um novo destino, mais qualificado e rentável, a partir da transformação de sua casca em fibra e pó, e da fabricação de produtos derivados destes dois componentes, criando ao mesmo tempo condições para gerar emprego e renda. É de grande importância o estudo de localização, tema abordado no presente estudo usando os seguintes passos metodológicos: caracterização da cadeia logística reversa do coco verde; seleção dos locais candidatos à instalação das indústrias de reciclagem; estimativa das quantidades de resíduos do coco verde gerados, distâncias e custos; modelagem do problema proposto, utilizando-se a programação linear mista e não-linear; e escolha das ferramentas para solução do modelo. Estima-se a quantidade de indústrias de reciclagem da casca do coco verde, suas capacidades e as melhores localizações, com a devida distribuição dos resíduos, que minimizem os custos de instalação, operação, estoque e transporte, utilizando um modelo matemático. Foram criados dez cenários relacionados ao problema proposto para o Estado do Espírito Santo, combinando-se diferentes quantidades de indústrias, capacidades e regiões de instalação, e variando-se os custos envolvidos, a quantidade de resíduos e o tempo de vida das indústrias. O modelo matemático mostrou ser bastante útil como instrumento auxiliar de análise de problemas de localização, tanto pela simplicidade de operação quanto pela aplicação das ferramentas Solver e What´sBest! disponíveis no mercado. Os resultados foram coerentes com o esperado, face à realidade atual do Estado do Espírito Santo no que tange à localização do aterro sanitário existente no município de Cariacica, hoje utilizado como local de destinação final dos resíduos do coco verde gerados na Região da Grande Vitória, sendo o mesmo escolhido nos dez cenários utilizados. / This work aims at developing a mathematical model and a methodological approach for the location of recycling industries of green coconut residuals. The coconut hard cover can cause environmental impacts when discharged along the beaches or in land farming. These residuals can be recycled and transformed into fibres, a qualified and profitable use, that can also generate jobs and revenues. It is of great importance the location study, theme approached in the present study using the following methodological steps: the characterization of the reverse chain logistics of the green coconut; selection of the places that are potential candidates to settle the recycling industries; estimation of the residual amount that is produced, travel distances and costs; development of a model of mixed linear and no linear programming; and choice of the tools for solution of the model. The modeling takes into account the amount of recycling industries, its capacities, the best locations and the corresponding residual distribution, which minimize the costs of installation, operation, stock and transport. Ten scenarios related to the problem were created for Espírito Santo State combining the numbers of industries, capacities and locations, and varying the involved costs, the amount of residues and the life time of the industries. The mathematical model showed to be a quite useful tool for analysis of location problems, due to its operational simplicity as well as the availability in the market of Solver and What´sBest!. As expected, the results agree with the reality of Espírito Santo State concerning the landfill location in the Cariacica district, actual place of destination of the green coconut residuals generated in the Grande Vitória region, being the same chosen in the ten used sceneries.

[pt] O mercado Pet pode ser considerado grande, assim como, indica um forte crescimento. Entre 2011 a 2016, este mercado cresceu 6,9 bilhões de reais, o que gera uma grande motivação de investir em iniciativas neste setor. Este trabalho propõe a utilização de uma metodologia multicritério para a escolha de locais para a instalação de uma pet shop e expansão de sua rede, baseando-se em fatores de decisão relevantes para a zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A utilização desta metodologia engloba, considera e pondera os critérios de maneira agregada sendo eles estratégicos e mercadológicos, tais como: potencial de demandas, concorrentes locais e seus escopos de atuação, fluxo de pessoas/clientes, assim como, os perfis dos clientes e suas necessidades, de maneira que todos os fatores possam ser considerados na tomada de decisão de localização de pontos comerciais para expansão de Pet shops e veterinárias. Foram levantados e estudados aspectos com relação à localização de unidades de serviços e varejo e facilidades de infraestrutura em ambientes competitivos, assim como, os principais modelos de decisão das duas escolas tradicionais neste campo, os da escola europeia (métodos ELECTRE e os métodos PROMÉTHÉE), e os da escola americana (métodos: MAUT, AHP e MACBETH). Além desses modelos, outros, como o SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), que não pertence às duas escolas, e foi o método mais utilizado de 2003 a 2013 para tomadas de decisões com relação à seleção de local de instalação de pontos de varejo, também foi estudado, inclusive este, foi o modelo escolhido para a realização deste trabalho. Também foram analisados no estudo um caso de implantação do modelo para o mercado de drogarias, englobando a venda de produtos e serviços no ponto de venda. O resultado obtido foi um ranking de possíveis localidades para instalação de pontos comerciais de Pet shops e Veterinárias, considerando os critérios, pesos adotados e notas finais atribuídas a cada bairro. / [en] The Pet market can be considered big, as well, indicates strong growth. Between 2011 and 2016, this market grew 6.9 billion of Real, which generates a great motivation to invest in initiatives in this sector. This work proposes the use of a multicriteria methodology for the selection of sites for the installation of a pet shop and expansion of its network, based on decision factors relevant to the southern zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The use of this methodology encompasses, considers and weighs the criteria in an aggregate way, being strategic and market oriented, such as: potential of demands, local competitors and their scope of action, flow of people / customers, as well as customer profiles and their needs, so that all factors can be considered in the decision making of the location of commercial points for expansion of Pet shops and veterinary. Aspects related to the location of service and retail units and infrastructure facilities in competitive environments were raised and studied, as well as the main decision models of the two traditional schools in this field, those of the European school (ELECTRE methods and PROMÉTHEE methods) , and those of the American school (methods: MAUT, AHP and MACBETH). In addition to these models, others, such as SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), which do not belong to the two schools, and was the most used method from 2003 to 2013 for decisionmaking with regard to retail location installation selection, also was studied, including this one, was the chosen model for the accomplishment of this work. Also analyzed in the study was a case of implanting the model for the drugstore market, encompassing the sale of products and services at the point of sale. The result obtained was a ranking of possible localities for the installation of commercial points of Pet shops and Veterinary, considering the criteria, adopted weights and final marks assigned to each neighborhood.