Sammanfattning Inom byggbranschen är det viktigt att ständigt utveckla och förbättra bygglogistik avseende kostnad, effektivitet och klimatavtryck för att behålla företagens konkurrenskraft. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka tjänster och komponenter som ingår i bygglogistikerbjudandet från logistiktjänsteleverantörer (LSP), som hyr ut maskiner, utrustning och hyresrelaterade tjänster. Målet är att beskriva erbjudandet, beställarens behov samt effekterna av bygglogistik på ett byggprojekt. Byggprojekt kännetecknas av temporaritet och materialintensitet. Material och tjänster utgör 60–80% av den totala projektkostnaden, där logistikkostnader står för 40% av den totala kostnaden. Det är därför viktigt att prioritera bygglogistik för att hålla nere kostnader. Traditionellt har logistiktjänsteleverantörer anlitats för enbart leveranser och inte som en strategisk resurs för att förbättra byggprojektens resultat. På senare tid har bygglogistik fått ökad uppmärksamhet. Beställare och entreprenörer har insett fördelarna med effektiv bygglogistik. För att implementera LSP-tjänster krävs ökad kunskap om deras roll och funktion. Studien visar att det är viktigt att involvera LSP redan i projekterings- och planeringsfasen för att uppnå bästa möjliga effekt. Detta kan leda till effektivare produktion och minskade kostnader under byggprojektets produktionsfas. Om LSP-tjänster implementeras i ett senare skede kan det vara svårt att hitta optimala lösningar och många problem kommer att behöva lösas på plats, vilket kan skapa ökade kostnader, ökat klimatavtryck och minskad total effektivitet. Studien indikerar att beställarens behov kan beskrivas i form av processer, verktyg, arbetsmetoder, checklistor och rutiner. För att effektivisera byggprocessen behöver varje byggprojekt tillämpa bygglogistiklösningar som är anpassade till det specifika projektet, i och med att varje projekt är unik på sitt sätt.  Genom att modularisera tjänster som korresponderar till beställarens behov blir det enklare för beställaren att välja rätt tjänster för det unika projektet och känna sig trygg i processen Genom att överlåta hela logistikansvaret till LSP frigörs tid för beställaren, som då kan fokusera på sin befintliga verksamhet och optimera projektets övriga delar. Studien visar exempelvis att logistikcentret möjliggjorde för verksamheten att fortsätta parallellt med byggnationen. Det är viktigt att kontraktet är fullständigt och innehåller beskrivningar av alla övergripande tjänster för att undvika extra kostnader och tvister när logistikansvar överlåts.  För att utforma ett logistiklösningserbjudande inom byggbranschen rekommenderas maskinuthyrare, baserat på fallstudien, att följa de rekommenderade stegen som har presenterats i rapporten  Sammanfattningsvis indikerar studien att LSP-tjänster är effektiva och fungerar väl. Alla modultjänster inom LSP är viktiga, och det behövs ytterligare tjänster och verktyg för att komplettera LSP och bidra till lyckade projekt. Att öka kunskapen om och involvera LSP tidigt i projekt kan leda till bättre effektivitet och minskade kostnader. / Abstract In this study, construction logistics modules (services and components) are evaluated to the needs of the construction industry. These modules need to be constantly developed and improved in terms of cost, efficiency, climate footprint, etc. to be part of the constant development. The purpose of the study was to investigate which services and components can be included in the construction logistics offer from lessors of machinery, equipment, and rental-related services, also known as Logistics Service Providers (LSP). The goal was to describe the offer, what client needs are met, and what effects construction logistics can create. Construction projects are characterized by an element of temporality with new production facilities in each new project, as production is carried out at the final point of assembly. Construction is material-intensive and costs for materials and services constitute to 60–80 percent of the total project cost, where the project cost constitutes 40 percent of all supply chain management costs. This means that construction supply chain management should be prioritized in the construction industry. Logistics management companies have traditionally been hired precisely for their purpose, i.e., to only carry out deliveries and not as an opportunity to improve the results of construction projects. Construction projects have instead solved their day-to-day supply needs and have not had an overarching logistics plan that covered the entire project's continuum, especially during the production phase. Recently, construction supply chain management has received more attention from both the construction industry and the scientific community. The contractors have begun to see the benefits of managing logistics in an efficient manner. In the construction industry, outsourcing is a standard concept and construction projects rely heavily on having a subcontractor and suppliers procured for each project. One of the disadvantages in the construction industry is the view of supply chain management and the knowledge of the modules' efficiency in production. To be able to implement this, knowledge of LSP needs to be increased and where the included modules are used in all parts of the construction industry. Results from the study indicate that it is important to involve LSP in a project already in the design and planning phase, to get the best effect of the LSP service It can contribute to achieve an efficient production and reduce the costs of the project in the production phase. When applying the LSP service at a later stage in a project, it entails certain difficulties in finding the most effective solutions, where many problems need to be solved ad hoc. This way of working is not the most efficient and is usually costly compared to if you had tried to solve such problems already in the design phase. It is difficult to subsequently introduce the LSP service in an ongoing project that is about to fail or is not going well. It works to apply LSP at a later stage, which will also have an effect. In summary, one based on the study that the LSP is an efficient way of working. All module services within LSP are important and additional services/tools are needed to supplement LSP that contribute to a successful project

In this thesis 5 Swedish companies that use logistics service providers (LSPs: carriers, intermediaries and third party logistics providers) are interviewed to establish how Swedish LSPs fare in terms on coordination. More specifically, the research is focused on answering 3 questions: (1) what are users’ perceptions about their LSPs’ coordination, (2) what coordination behaviors are the LSPs most and least successful in, and (3) what factors are affecting LSPs’ coordination.

Purpose: Corporations today see a greater responsibility towards society regarding the environmental impact of their actions, using available transportation options that are more eco-friendly can reduce this impact significantly. Martinsen and Björklund (2012) identifies a set of gaps between supply and demand of green logistics services. This paper aims to address what it is that affects the demand for these alternative solutions and what could be done to increase the usage of them, thereby decreasing this gap. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative study with six Logistics Service Providers (LSP) and 24 companies that purchase transportation services, all operating in Sweden. Data is collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with people responsible for the purchasing of transports as well as key account managers within the service providing companies. Findings: Just as the LSP’s interviewed in this paper thought, the main focus of the transport buying companies are the costs. Therefore paying extra only to benefit the environment and not the economy of the company is not something a lot of companies are prepared to do at this time. However there are solutions such as intermodality which are highly demanded, these are often both cost effective and more environmentally friendly, the problem as many companies see it, is that the rail network needs to expand to be able to cover bigger areas and increase the capacity. Research limitations/implications: The research paper focuses on companies operating on the Swedish market, for that reason findings cannot be generalized to other countries and sectors. Practical implications: Findings can be used by LSP’s and political decision making parties to get a better understanding of the demand for this type of services and what is perceived as important by the customers. Originality/value: There is a lack of earlier studies that mainly focus on the demand of more environmentally friendly transport services. Therefore a study of this kind is important to create an understanding and thereby improve the overall situation on the market in terms of environmental sustainability.

Introduction – People and society are more concerned about Corporate Social Responsibility as well as the demand of outsourcing logistics services. When buyer companies select TPL providers, the selection criteria are focused on cost and on time delivery, while issues like CSR are often placed in a low priority. Purpose – The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) impacts as selection criteria when buying services from Third Party Logistics (TPL) providers. Design/Methodology – The research approach of this thesis is qualitative. Both primary data and secondary data collection were used; semi-structured interviews, emails, field observation and documentation. There are seven respondents from three different companies. Findings – From buyer companies’ perspective, CSR was taken into account when buying services from TPL providers. However, it had impact on a low priority since the buyer company chose leading TPL providers that have a good reputation and image. The buyer company believes that those selected TPL providers have already implemented CSR practice. Moreover, the results show that the main driving force behind the application of CSR was the customer requirement Research limitations – This master thesis has studied in a specific Swedish company when selecting TPL providers. Moreover, this research has been studied from the buyer companies’ perspective.

Les objectifs centraux de cette étude consistent à identifier les différences entre les coopérations horizontales et les coopérations verticales au sein du réseau et à identifier leurs mécanismes d'influence sur la performance de l'entreprise. La revue de la littérature nous permet de développer un modèle de recherche, fondé sur la complémentarité des trois approches mobilisées : l'approche IMP, l'approche Resource-Based et l'approche de la Mass Customization. La recherche empirique, qui repose sur une étude quantitative réalisée auprès de 134 prestataires de services logistiques opérant en Chine, nous permet de caractériser et de décrire les coopérations au sein du réseau logistique en Chine, ainsi que de tester nos hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière l'existence de plusieurs types de coopération en termes de ressources et d'activités, pour lesquels nous n'avons pas trouvé de différence significative entre les coopérations horizontales et les coopérations verticales. L'ensemble de ces PSL se répartissent en trois groupes, suivant leur niveau de coopération. Le groupe des PSL qui coopèrent le plus souvent est marqué par une performance plus élevée. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent une influence positive directe de la coopération en termes d'activités d'exécution, d'activités de planification et de connaissances sur la performance opérationnelle de l'entreprise. Ils révèlent aussi un impact positif indirect de la coopération en termes de connaissances, de ressources relationnelles, de ressources informationnelles et de ressources physiques sur la performance opérationnelle. / The major aims of this study are to identify the differences between horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation in network and identify their mechanisms of influence on firm performance. The literature review allows us to develop a research model based on three complementary approaches mobilized: the IMP approach, the Resource-Based approach and Mass Customization approach. Empirical research, based on a quantitative analysis of 134 logistics service providers operating in China, allows us to characterize and describe the cooperation within logistics network in China and to test our research hypotheses. The results highlight the existence of several types of cooperation in terms of resources and activities, for which we found no significant difference between horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation. All of these PSL fall into three groups according to their cooperation level. The group of PSL who cooperate the most often is marked by a better performance. Moreover, the results show a direct positive influence of cooperation in terms of execution activities, planning activities and knowledge on the operational performance of the firm. They also reveal an indirect positive impact of cooperation in terms of knowledge, relational resources, information resources and physical resources on operational performance.

É consenso entre estudiosos e práticos que a Logística desempenha um importante papel na integração da Cadeia de Suprimento dos mercados. Num ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações procuram práticas de negócios e soluções que possam ajudá-las na busca pelo sucesso. Uma dessas práticas é a terceirização das funções logísticas, através da contratação de empresas especializadas, de forma que as organizações contratantes possam se concentrar no foco do seu negócio, aumentando sua eficiência, melhorando a utilização dos recursos, reduzindo os custos de transporte, reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos e aumentando sua lucratividade. Nesse cenário, onde a crescente participação dos prestadores de serviços logísticos (ou, PSLs) torna-se fator estratégico para o crescimento das organizações através de alianças cada vez mais complexas, surge a necessidade de mecanismos de avaliação de desempenho que, efetivamente, reflitam a integração e a flexibilidade dos recursos envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PSLs, através da metodologia da Pesquisa Operacional, apoiado pelo método AHP. A empresa escolhida para a aplicação do modelo foi a MWM International Motores – MIM – e o modelo foi aplicado no processo de transporte nacional que atende o mercado de reposição de peças. Foram avaliados 5 PSLs, através de 3 critérios e 13 atributos, qualitativos e quantitativos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a sistemática adotada foi aderente ao ambiente analisado, auxiliando no processo de avaliação e permitindo que a empresa possa estimular seus prestadores de serviços logísticos a melhorar seus processos e o produto destes processos – o próprio serviço prestado, traçando, juntamente com os seus parceiros, um plano de melhoria contínua que vise alcançar resultados melhores para a ambas empresas. / There is consensus among scholars and practitioners that Logistics plays an important role in the integration of the market’s Supply Chain. In an increasingly competitive environment, organizations seek solutions and business practices that can help them in their quest for success. One such practice is the outsourcing of logistics operations through the recruitment of specialized firms, so that the contracting organizations can focus on their business, increasing efficiency, improving resource utilization, reducing transportation costs, restructuring their supply chain and increasing their profitability. In this scenario, where the increasing participation of logistics service providers, known as 3PL (third-party logistics providers) becomes a strategic factor for the growth of organizations through increasingly complex alliances, a need arises for performance evaluation mechanisms that effectively reflect the integration and flexibility of the involved resources. Thus, the present study aims to develop a model to evaluate the performance of 3PLs using the methodology of operational research, supported by the AHP method. The company chosen to implement the model was MWM International Motores (MIM) and the model was applied in the national transport of the spare parts process. There were 5 LSPs evaluated using 3 criteria and 13 attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. The main results showed that the adopted system was considered adherent to the environment, assisting in the evaluation process, and allowing the company to encourage its 3PLs to improve their processes and products - the very service provided, mapping, together with its partners, a plan for continuous improvement aimed at achieving better results for both companies.

É consenso entre estudiosos e práticos que a Logística desempenha um importante papel na integração da Cadeia de Suprimento dos mercados. Num ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações procuram práticas de negócios e soluções que possam ajudá-las na busca pelo sucesso. Uma dessas práticas é a terceirização das funções logísticas, através da contratação de empresas especializadas, de forma que as organizações contratantes possam se concentrar no foco do seu negócio, aumentando sua eficiência, melhorando a utilização dos recursos, reduzindo os custos de transporte, reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos e aumentando sua lucratividade. Nesse cenário, onde a crescente participação dos prestadores de serviços logísticos (ou, PSLs) torna-se fator estratégico para o crescimento das organizações através de alianças cada vez mais complexas, surge a necessidade de mecanismos de avaliação de desempenho que, efetivamente, reflitam a integração e a flexibilidade dos recursos envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PSLs, através da metodologia da Pesquisa Operacional, apoiado pelo método AHP. A empresa escolhida para a aplicação do modelo foi a MWM International Motores – MIM – e o modelo foi aplicado no processo de transporte nacional que atende o mercado de reposição de peças. Foram avaliados 5 PSLs, através de 3 critérios e 13 atributos, qualitativos e quantitativos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a sistemática adotada foi aderente ao ambiente analisado, auxiliando no processo de avaliação e permitindo que a empresa possa estimular seus prestadores de serviços logísticos a melhorar seus processos e o produto destes processos – o próprio serviço prestado, traçando, juntamente com os seus parceiros, um plano de melhoria contínua que vise alcançar resultados melhores para a ambas empresas. / There is consensus among scholars and practitioners that Logistics plays an important role in the integration of the market’s Supply Chain. In an increasingly competitive environment, organizations seek solutions and business practices that can help them in their quest for success. One such practice is the outsourcing of logistics operations through the recruitment of specialized firms, so that the contracting organizations can focus on their business, increasing efficiency, improving resource utilization, reducing transportation costs, restructuring their supply chain and increasing their profitability. In this scenario, where the increasing participation of logistics service providers, known as 3PL (third-party logistics providers) becomes a strategic factor for the growth of organizations through increasingly complex alliances, a need arises for performance evaluation mechanisms that effectively reflect the integration and flexibility of the involved resources. Thus, the present study aims to develop a model to evaluate the performance of 3PLs using the methodology of operational research, supported by the AHP method. The company chosen to implement the model was MWM International Motores (MIM) and the model was applied in the national transport of the spare parts process. There were 5 LSPs evaluated using 3 criteria and 13 attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. The main results showed that the adopted system was considered adherent to the environment, assisting in the evaluation process, and allowing the company to encourage its 3PLs to improve their processes and products - the very service provided, mapping, together with its partners, a plan for continuous improvement aimed at achieving better results for both companies.

É consenso entre estudiosos e práticos que a Logística desempenha um importante papel na integração da Cadeia de Suprimento dos mercados. Num ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações procuram práticas de negócios e soluções que possam ajudá-las na busca pelo sucesso. Uma dessas práticas é a terceirização das funções logísticas, através da contratação de empresas especializadas, de forma que as organizações contratantes possam se concentrar no foco do seu negócio, aumentando sua eficiência, melhorando a utilização dos recursos, reduzindo os custos de transporte, reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos e aumentando sua lucratividade. Nesse cenário, onde a crescente participação dos prestadores de serviços logísticos (ou, PSLs) torna-se fator estratégico para o crescimento das organizações através de alianças cada vez mais complexas, surge a necessidade de mecanismos de avaliação de desempenho que, efetivamente, reflitam a integração e a flexibilidade dos recursos envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PSLs, através da metodologia da Pesquisa Operacional, apoiado pelo método AHP. A empresa escolhida para a aplicação do modelo foi a MWM International Motores – MIM – e o modelo foi aplicado no processo de transporte nacional que atende o mercado de reposição de peças. Foram avaliados 5 PSLs, através de 3 critérios e 13 atributos, qualitativos e quantitativos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a sistemática adotada foi aderente ao ambiente analisado, auxiliando no processo de avaliação e permitindo que a empresa possa estimular seus prestadores de serviços logísticos a melhorar seus processos e o produto destes processos – o próprio serviço prestado, traçando, juntamente com os seus parceiros, um plano de melhoria contínua que vise alcançar resultados melhores para a ambas empresas. / There is consensus among scholars and practitioners that Logistics plays an important role in the integration of the market’s Supply Chain. In an increasingly competitive environment, organizations seek solutions and business practices that can help them in their quest for success. One such practice is the outsourcing of logistics operations through the recruitment of specialized firms, so that the contracting organizations can focus on their business, increasing efficiency, improving resource utilization, reducing transportation costs, restructuring their supply chain and increasing their profitability. In this scenario, where the increasing participation of logistics service providers, known as 3PL (third-party logistics providers) becomes a strategic factor for the growth of organizations through increasingly complex alliances, a need arises for performance evaluation mechanisms that effectively reflect the integration and flexibility of the involved resources. Thus, the present study aims to develop a model to evaluate the performance of 3PLs using the methodology of operational research, supported by the AHP method. The company chosen to implement the model was MWM International Motores (MIM) and the model was applied in the national transport of the spare parts process. There were 5 LSPs evaluated using 3 criteria and 13 attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. The main results showed that the adopted system was considered adherent to the environment, assisting in the evaluation process, and allowing the company to encourage its 3PLs to improve their processes and products - the very service provided, mapping, together with its partners, a plan for continuous improvement aimed at achieving better results for both companies.

Le prestataire de services logistiques (3PL) réorganise les activités de ses entrepôts afin d’être performant (C.-L. Liu and Lyons 2011). De fait, le 3PL a besoin d’une connaissance détaillée du coût des activités de ses entrepôts. Le cadre théorique de cette thèse se situe à l’intersection entre l’entrepôt, la conception, et les coûts. Dans le cadre de la conception des entrepôts, la sélection et plus particulièrement l’identification de l’ensemble des ressources de l’entrepôt est peu étudiée (S. S. Heragu et al. 2005; Gu, Goetschalckx, and McGinnis 2010). Parallèlement, l’activity-based costing (ABC) est une méthode de calcul de coût peu appliquée pour obtenir le coût des entrepôts (Pirttilä and Hautaniemi 1995). Plusieurs freins entravent son application, dont le manque de formalisation dans la définition des activités (Waeytens and Bruggeman 1994). À l’aide d’une recherche qualitative au sein de l'entreprise FM Logistic, une classification des ressources de l’entrepôt et un modèle de référence des activités de l’entrepôt sont proposés. La classification des ressources de l’entrepôt permet l’identification de l’ensemble des ressources de l’entrepôt. La classification est ensuite utilisée au sein du modèle de référence des activités de l’entrepôt. Le modèle de référence facilite l’application de l’ABC en standardisant le vocabulaire utilisé pour définir les activités de l’entrepôt. Le modèle de référence est ensuite mobilisé lors de différentes applications, dans le cadre de la conception des activités de l’entrepôt d’un prestataire de services logistiques. / The logistics service provider (3PL) is reorganizing the activities of its warehouse to be efficient (C.-L. Liu and Lyons 2011). In fact, 3PL needs a detailed knowledge of the cost of the activities of its warehouses. The theoretical framework of this thesis lies at the intersection between warehouse, design and costs. Concerning the design of the warehouses, the selection, and especially the identification of all resources, are not much studied (S. S. Heragu et al. 2005; Gu, Goetschalckx, and McGinnis 2010). Concurrently, activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost calculation method which is little applied for obtaining warehouse costs (Pirttilä and Hautaniemi 1995). Several obstacles hinder its application, including the lack of formalization in the definition of activities (Waeytens and Bruggeman 1994).Using qualitative research within the enterprise FM Logistic, a classification of warehouse resources and a reference model of warehouse activities are proposed. The warehouse resource classification allows the identification of all the warehouse resources. The classification is then mobilised within the reference model of warehouse activities. The reference model facilitates the application of the ABC by standardizing the vocabulary to define the activities of the warehouse. The reference model is then employed for different applications, as part of the design of warehouse activities of a logistic service provider.

Background: Today’s organizations operate in a competitive and dynamic business environment in which the attainment of economic, social and environmental sustainability targets has become crucial for firms. Supply chain collaboration is considered as a strategic issue for the fulfillment of these targets. Thus, studies on supply chain collaboration for sustainability have increased, especially for manufacturing firms. However, there is a lack of research of the perspective of logistics service providers in this context, requesting scientific investigations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore vertical supply chain collaboration between logistics service providers and their partners with regards to improving economic, environmental and social sustainability at logistics service providers. Method: Within this multiple case study and a deductive research approach, qualitative data from three logistics service providers is gathered by conducting interviews and analyzed. Firstly, each individual case is investigated by using an explanation building, and thereafter compared and generalized by means of a cross-case analysis. Findings and Conclusion: Considering the improvement of sustainability at logistics service providers, the research reveals that economic, environmental and social sustainability can be improved by vertical supply chain collaboration jointly conducted by logistics service providers and their key suppliers as well as key customers. However, strong interdependencies between the three sustainability dimensions are noticeable as they overlap in-between. Besides, the findings indicate that the executed vertical supply chain collaboration practices mostly have the potential to improve economic sustainability at logistics service providers. Environmental and social sustainability are less improved or sometimes even negatively affected.