With an ever-increasing population and global warming, fresh water resources are nearing depletion resulting in a global water crisis. As a consequence, cases of drought have been reported worldwide especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to climate change, urbanisation adds strain to infrastructure as well as water supply and the management of water resources. As a result, most developing countries are faced with a water management challenge. There is thus a need for a paradigm shift towards an Integrated Water Management (IWM) approach. Worldwide, countries have responded to the Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) concept through the implementation of various management strategies; with Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) emerging from Australia. Some closely allied management strategies in response to IUWM emerged in the USA as Low-Impact Development (LID), in the UK as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), and in New Zealand as Low-Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD). Namibia is situated along the south-west coast of Africa and is considered the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa. It is characterised by a semi-arid environment, with more than 80% covered by desert or semi-desert. The country is regularly afflicted by drought and has fluctuating and unreliable rainfall patterns, often accompanied by high evaporation rates. The City of Windhoek, as the capital city, the biggest municipality and also the largest densely populated town in Namibia, is faced with an ever-increasing shortage of water for its inhabitants. For close to 50 years, the water scarcity situation has led to direct waste water reclamation for potable re-use in Windhoek. Other measures implemented by the City of Windhoek (CoW) towards IUWM include Water Demand Management (WDM), Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and Water Conservation (WC). In order for Windhoek to transform into a Water Sensitive City, the implementation of WSUD is imperative. Although the CoW has implemented measures towards IUWM, more options still need to be explored in order to contribute to IUWM processes and to ultimately become a Water Sensitive City. This research was aimed at conducting a comprehensive review of existing WSUD practices within the CoW and identifying gaps pertaining to WSUD implementation. The research confirmed, via a review of relevant literature, that the implementation of WSUD mainly flourishes when documented policies and regulations drive implementation. To review WSUD implementation in the CoW, this study followed a qualitative research approach by gathering data via online questionnaires using the SurveyMonkey platform. To validate the survey outcomes, structured interviews were conducted with selected survey participants to gain more insight into the outcomes. For the data collection, the study targeted a sample of managers and specialists from the three departments within the CoW that deal with urban infrastructure design and planning. A 72% response rate was achieved. The study revealed that there was a general understanding and knowledge of WSUD concepts among all the CoW stakeholders involved in water management, planning and design. This was mostly due to their academic knowledge and sometimes via exposure to existing WSUD practices within the city. Water Demand Management, Water Recycling, and Voluntary Green Roofs and Rainwater Harvesting were identified as existing WSUD options currently practised within the CoW. The study identified lack of capacity, lack of knowledge, lack of management support, a fragmented approach, the absence of policies and legislation, and no perceived financial benefits as barriers to WSUD implementation within the CoW. Based on the above findings, the study recommended that the City of Windhoek address existing barriers to WSUD implementation, increase awareness of WSUD within the city, secure government funding and apply for carbon credits to upscale the implementation of WSUD.

The presented study investigates the role of Machine Learning in Regulatory Compliance software systems by conducting a case study in the maritime industry. There is a need to obtain a clear understanding of Machine Learning approaches for automating regulatory compliance.  Background: Organizations and software developers face different regulations in different domains that need to be satisfied by the requirements of systems. Trading across borders brings challenges in managing each country's regulatory requirements. Even though a large amount of effort from international and local organizations, an efficient AI-based system is not yet fully deployed for offering decision support in handling such complex issues as a viable solution. The increasing enforcement of sanctions and anti-money laundering by various institutions and countries poses a significant threat to many industries worldwide if they are not educated or aware of the legal and financial risks. therefore, Regulatory Compliance plays a critical role in this area. Regulatory Compliance is a guideline for laws or regulations related to the business that the stakeholders must abide by to promote a safer business environment and benefit society. Developing a Digital Compliance(DigiComp) system as a software service is a solution that involves both technical and organizational challenges which need a large amount of research. As a case study, an AI-based DigiComp system has been implemented in the port of Vordingborg for the EU-financed project "Connect2SmallPorts". A major Corporate challenge was the choice of appropriate and efficient approaches and tools for designing the automated regulatory compliance system. This study investigates the role of Machine Learning in regulatory compliance systems and its possible opportunities and limitations.  Objectives: The significant role of compliance management made it an interesting research topic since some highly regulated systems need to follow specific laws and guidelines. As the objectives of this study, the role of machine learning on regulatory compliance systems has been investigated by extracting the most popular ML approaches and their benefits and challenges from previous studies and then analyzing the related benefits and limitations in a real-world case. Methods: We have done a systematic literature review as the qualitative research method with database search and snowballing to collect the applied Machine Learning approaches and their benefits and challenges for Regulatory Compliance software systems. Then a case study was conducted for implementing a regulatory compliance system in the maritime industry and investigating the benefits and challenges in a real-world project. Also, Focus groups and interviews with the stakeholder and domain experts were held as data collection methods during the case study.  Results: After investigating the existing challenges in regulatory compliance and identifying the risk assessment framework based on Machine Learning as the most popular AI approach in this area, we implemented a risk assessment framework based on neural networks. It provides high accuracy and a low error rate in predicting the future state to prevent the non-compliance risk. Conclusions: Examining the proposed digital compliance system explores its similarity to the benefits and limitations extracted from SLR. This study has provided the development of a new AI-Based system that can inspire software companies to build more efficient regulatory compliance systems for different domains in the industry.

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Vi har en föreställning om att bedömningsformerna i matematik och de naturvetenskapliga ämnena inte är särskilt varierande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att se huruvida förutsättningarna finns för en rättvis bedömning i matematiken och de naturorienterande ämnena. Vi har utfört kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta lärare på två skolor i Malmöregionen, där lärarnas svar skulle hjälpa oss att besvara våra frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att det finns både likheter och skillnader i lärarnas strategier vid bedömning i de båda ämnena. Efter undersökningen har vi kommit fram till att det förekommer liten variation av bedömningsformer i matematiken, medan det i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena förekommer variation av bedömningsformerna i större utsträckning. Vår slutsats är att eleverna inte får de förutsättningarna för en rättvis bedömning som de är berättigade. / The idea behind this study is that a reduced range of evaluation forms are currently used to judge pupils’ performance in maths and natural sciences. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate whether these valuation methods permit a correct and fair judgement of pupils’ abilities in maths and natural sciences. In order to get an answer to our research questions we have carried out qualitative interviews with eight teachers in two schools in the Malmö region. The outcomes of data analysis show that are similarities and differences in the valuation strategies used by the different teachers in both subjects. Math teachers, however use a limited variety of evaluation forms for their judgements of pupils’ abilities, whereas natural science teachers use a slightly wider range of evaluation forms. Our final conclusion is that pupils do no have the possibilities the correct and fair evaluation of their abilities they should be entitled to.

I detta arbete undersöks kunskap om bråkbegreppet hos fyra olika lärare och hur de använder denna kunskap i sin undervisning. Resultaten diskuteras bl a med utgångspunkt från Liping Mas bok Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics. Undersökningen har en subjektiv dimension bestående av intervjuer med lärarna. Begreppskunskapen fokuserar på division av bråktal, innehållsdivision och del – helhetsaspekten. Resultatet visar på att det finns stora skillnader men också likheter i lärarnas kunskaper om bråkbegreppen och deras undervisning. De lärare som har bäst kunskaper om bråkbegreppet är de som har längst erfarenhet i yrket och bedriver eller har bedrivit ett aktivt samarbete med kollegor om undervisningen.

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The objective of my thesis is to explore and re-define the relationship between threshold and urban density. Threshold is an architectural medium, which divides and bridges spaces with certain meanings. Density is the defining character of the urban condition expressed consistently at different scales: from a city to a block, to a building and to the human habitation. My design project is about an application of threshold in architectural design within the context of urban density. The efficacy of threshold is tested in both external and internal conditions: the existing condition of the site and the internal workings of the program. To test the thesis, a design of a youth hostel in Washington D.C. was undertaken. The experiment was carried out with the following hypotheses: 1) that threshold is an architectural instrument that mitigates the urban density and 2) that threshold negotiates the territories among the inhabitants. The design experiment demonstrated the hypotheses and therefore, confirmed the relationship between threshold and urban density. / Master of Architecture