The main focus of this thesis is on the town of Mšeno and its inhabitants. The first part deals with the town's history and its municipal treasured buildings zone. The following part gives a detailed demographic analysis. The third part covers issues of town planning, local economy, evaluation of social and technical infrastructure. The same part also further gives an analysis of environmental issues and tourism in town and its surroundings. Additionally, the next part introduces an elaborated and processed questionnaire survey, made in Mšeno in the year 2008. Based on the analyses and questionnaire, the last part then deals with a potential future development of the town.

Tyrimo objektas – Marijampolės apskrities kaimo gyventojų švietimas ir konsultavimas didinant jų verslumą. Tyrimo dalykas – kaimo gyventojų verslumo švietimo ir konsultavimo poreikiai. Darbo tikslas - įvertinus kaimo gyventojų švietimo ir konsultavimo įtaką jų verslumui, parengti Lietuvos kaimo gyventojų švietimo ir konsultavimo, orientuoto į jų verslumo didinimą, modelį. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą, apibendrinti kaimo gyventojų verslumo sampratą. 2. Išanalizuoti švietimo ir konsultavimo reikšmės didinant kaimo gyventojų verslumą teorinius aspektus. 3. Išanalizuoti 2007-2013 metų laikotarpio Europos Sąjungos ir nacionalinės kaimo plėtros politikos kryptis ir priemones, skirtas kaimo gyventojų verslumui didinti. 4. Atlikti kaimo gyventojų verslumą įtakojančių veiksnių bei švietimo ir konsultavimo poreikių tyrimą Marijampolės apskrityje ir parengti kaimo gyventojų švietimo ir konsultavimo, orientuoto į verslumo didinimą, modelį. Tyrimo metodai - mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų bei teisės aktų analizė (kontent analizė), kokybinis tyrimas ir jo analizė (pusiau standartizuota anketinė apklausa), statistinių duomenų analizė ir loginis modeliavimas ir kiti metodai. / Research object is the education and consulting of rural inhabitants to increase enterprise of Marijampole region. Research subject is education and consulting needs of rural inhabitants to increase their enterprise. Research aim – is estimating the education and consulting influence of rural inhabitants for their enterprise and to design the model of rural inhabitant’s education and consulting of Lithuania, oriented to their enterprise increase. Objectives: 1. Analyzing scientific literature, to summarize the enterprise of rural inhabitant’s conception. 2. To analyze the education and consulting importance of rural inhabitants to increase their enterprise, theoreticals aspects. 3. To analyze European Union and national aspects and expedients of rural development politics in the 2007-2013 years period, committed to increase enterprise of rural development. 4. To make survey of rural inhabitant’s education and consulting needs to increase enterprise and design the model of rural inhabitant’s education and consulting in Marijampole district, oriented to enterprise increase. Research methods used in the work are studying analysis of literature sources, documents and law deeds analysis (content analysis), qualitative research and analysis, filing of data and their statistical analysis, logical modelling and other methods.

The diploma thesis called A Contribution to the History of the Locality of Zátoň deals with mapping of the historical background of this Šumava village. The opening chapters of the thesis concern the description of the history of Šumava and Sudety in general. The study of the particularities of this region and its development in the history puts the occurence into the period-context. The thesis deals with the events of the 20th century, when the German population was transfered out of their homes. The region was changed significantly by this step. The technical literature and memories of the contemporary witnesses were used in the thesis.

Title: Analysis of primary school pupils' knowledge of population protection Objectives: The aim of this diploma work is to discover the knowledge of pupils of second degree of primary school about inhabitant protection. Methods: An online knowledge test consisting of 23 questions was created and used to discover the knowledge of the pupils. This test was sent to leaders of primary schools, sports and leisure organizations. The target group consisted of pupils of the second grade of primary school. A total of 458 respondents participated in the research. The data was processed and graphically interpreted using Google Sheets. Results: Pupils of the second grade of primary school showed in the overall evaluation 68% knowledge of the issue of population protection. Children have the most knowledge about health education. They showed the lowest level in traffic education. There are no significant differences between the knowledge of girls and boys. Keywords: analysis, knowledge, pupils, protection, inhabitants

In 1959, the building of chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary was initiated in a small village Mydlovary, near České Budějovice. In October 1962, the operation and processing of the uranium ore started. During operation, about 17 million tons of uranium ore were processed and the material from processed uranium ores was stored into the contiguous sludge lagoons. The operation of this plant was terminated in November 1991. The premises of MAPE Mydlovary were partially liquidated, decontaminated and handed over for privatization, nowadays there are recovery and reclamation works in process. Even though, MAPE Mydlovary is nowadays one of the most dangerous strains for environment, which emerged after mining and processing of uranium ores in the Czech Republic. The projection is to liquidate the consequences of this process for many more years from now. In immediate closeness to the premises of MAPE Mydlovary there lie the villages Mydlovary, Olešník and Zahájí. It can be assumed that during the processing of uranium ores and subsequent storing of waste into the contiguous sludge lagoons there could have been some impact on the inhabitants of these villages by radio nuclides. The possibility that there are still some sources of contamination and effect on the inhabitants of the three neighboring villages cannot be excluded nowadays, even after almost 23 years after the shutdown of the plant. For this reason this diploma thesis is dealing with the effects of the preparation plant MAPE Mydlovary on the inhabitants of Mydlovary, Olešník and Zahájí, specifically on the amount of deaths due to cancer diseases of inhabitants of these villages. Data was collected from October 2013 till April 2014 and it includes figures from the period 1971-2010. It was collected using non-standardized interviews and was provided by practicing physicians of the investigated villages; furthermore, data was collected from websites of the Czech Statistical Office. Aim of this thesis was to analyze and compare the deaths due to cancer diseases of the inhabitants in the surroundings of MAPE Mydlovary and of inhabitants in the whole Czech Republic (whole republic´s cancer disease mortality) and evaluate the possible influence of the radiation load on the number of deaths due to cancer diseases of inhabitants in the surroundings of MAPE Mydlovary. The analysis and comparison of the number of deaths was carried out using statistical research. Non parametric testing was used for the statistical research and the so called Fisher exact test was used, which is carried out by means of statistical software www.ncss.com. For this test the level of significance - = 0, 2 was used. The influence of the radiation load on the number of deaths due to cancer diseases is statistically significant only in the village Mydlovary, where it is possible to prove statistically an increased number of deaths due to cancer diseases in comparison to the number of deaths due to cancer diseases in the whole Czech Republic. Based on the evaluation of the obtained data we can state that the chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary most likely had and still may have a negative impact on the inhabitants of the neighboring villages, especially on the inhabitants of the village Mydlovary. For this reason it is very important to continue with the recovery and reclamation works in the premises of the chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary and their main objective is to protect the inhabitants of surrounding villages against possible exposure to the radio nuclides. Nevertheless, the impacts of processing the former chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary will be eliminated for many more years.

This thesis deals with collective nicknames denoting the inhabitants of a place (parish, village etc.) in northern Sweden, i.e. names of the type arnästjuvar (denoting the inhabitants of the parish of Arnäs; tjuv 'thief') and tynderötuppar (denoting the inhabitants of the parish of Tynderö; tupp 'cock'). The main aim of the thesis is to explain why various nickname elements were chosen and to describe the general character of the nicknames of northern Sweden. These nicknames have been used collectively about the inhabitants of a certain place in a jocular or derogatory sense. They have been used above all in male-dominated contexts, e.g. in military camps. The nicknames are ethnocentric: they denote individuals in their capacity as members of a group. They are often related to other, similar names, so that they form series which are connected phonetically, semantically or from the point of view of word formation. The discussion of these aspects is based on Hugo Moser's research on "Namenfelder". Sources from about 1600 to the present day have been used as material. The bulk of the material consists of answers to questionnaires from the 20th century. Because of the construction of the questionnaires the material is to some extent imperfect. The nicknames often reflect various aspects of the society of the individuals, but today the explanation for names is quite often secondary and a result of folk-etymology. Some nicknames reflect the trades of the inhabitants, others social conditions, diet or dress, others ethnic conditions. The nickname strömmingar was often given to people living on the coast where fishing was an important source of income. The nickname element finnar reflects local settlement by Finns. Some nicknames probably reflect various linguistic conditions (dialectal pronunciation, characteristic place-names or personal names), pictures in local seals or historical events. Several nickname elements have been chosen through association with the form of the place-name or the name of the inhabitants, or with existing nicknames, referring either to the inhabitants themselves or their neighbours. There is often a similarity in sound between the place-name (or the name of the inhabitants) and nickname elements. We find e.g. alliteration, assonance and rhyme, or formations in which the place-name (or the name of the inhabitants, or part of it) is compounded with a nickname element to make up an appellative which already exists. The latter kind of formation may be illustrated with the nickname bergtroll ('mountain trolls') to denote those who live in S'àvaiberg (in the parish of Sävar). Some nicknames have as their basis an association from the place-name (or the name of the inhabitants) to the nickname element chosen. The associations are frequently difficult to trace. A nickname like orrlidtuppar (denoting those who live in Orrliden in the parish of Skellefteå) was no doubt chosen through association with the appellative orrtupp 'blackcock'. When the nickname smedstaspiken (denoting the inhabitants of Smedsta in the parish of Lit) was coined, the place-name element smed 'smith' was associated with the closely related spik 'nail'. A close analysis of nicknames denoting parish inhabitants in northern Sweden shows that there are often pairs (or series) of nicknames which are related phonetically (through alliteration, assonance or rhyme), semantically or morphologically, just as nicknames denoting neighbours may be connected in a similar way. Frequently, parish inhabitants have different names in relation to different neighbours. How innovations are introduced and spread is shown by the sfw/"/Z?wf-nicknames in the province of Ångermanland. An analysis of the nicknames denoting the inhabitants of parishes in north-eastern Ångermanland shows that the inhabitants of the old parishes have only one nickname each-a name which is known over a large area-while the inhabitants of the newer parishes have several nicknames. The reason why several nicknames are used to denote inhabitants in newer parishes seems to be that there was no old, unequivocal nickname tradition to fall back on. In the final chapter the importance of patterns for the formation of nicknames is stressed, but also the importance of creativity and coinages. A striking coinage has a great chance of becoming generally accepted and also of becoming the centre of new groups of nicknames. / digitalisering@umu

Nowadays Lithuanian society is dynamic and rapidly developing. Culture is like the system of values created by a human being. It integrates a public process of political, social, economical development and is able to accelerate social and economical development of the country. Institutions forming cultural processes find themselves in the crossing of the above-mentioned processes. The sociological survey on culture needs are needed not only to describe the state of culture but also to determine the changes, the tendency of public needs to be developed, the peculiarities of activities of culture institutions in the community of a city, useful contacts and culture perspectives. In improving the activities of culture institutions, it is very important to pay attention to a subjective aspect- the possibilities of human development. In order to determine the public needs for culture, the attitude towards the activities of culture and art institutions, the status of city culture, to determine the negative and positive evaluations of cultural activities, the research was implemented. During the survey, 200 inhabitants of Panevėžys City of 16-61 years old were interviewed. The hypothesis was raised- if the attention is paid to the opinion of inhabitants to the activities of culture and art institutions, the status of city culture, the peculiarities of activities of culture and art institutions in the community of the city, useful contacts and the perspectives of culture could be... [to full text]

Although Vilnius is the largest city of the republic, a centre of industry and culture, the largest Lithuanian administrative centre, where the most important political, financial, economic, social and cultural centres are located, nevertheless there are plenty of unemployed and socially supported persons.. The officially registered unemployment level n Vilnius for the time being does not exceed the average of the European Union. Compared to the structure of unemployment in other Lithuanian cities and their change indications, the situation in Vilnius is quite good, except for the fact that the number of the retired persons is growing. Recently in Vilnius the demand for Workforce is growing, yet qualification characteristics in many cases does not match the requirements of the vacant positions offered. Hence the structural changes in Labour Market, intensive development of new technologies have had significant influence on the competition in the dynamic market of people who have lost their jobs. The unemployment here affected certain social demographic groups of the inhabitants: the youth, and senior pre-retirement persons. Naturally, that a large part of the people failed or did not want to adapt to the new requirements, therefore unemployment became a poignant problem of the society. A big attraction of Vilnius as the capital, where the living costs are much higher than elsewhere in Lithuania, for instance, purchase of accommodation, bills for accommodation, services, fuel... [to full text]

Šiame darbe analizuojamas neformalusis tęstinis kaimo gyventojų mokymasis Lietuvoje. Ekonominės situacijos analizė rodo, kad daugumai kaimiškųjų vietovių gyventojų stinga profesinio pasirengimo, būtino darbo rinkoje, o ypač pradedant ir plėtojant nuosavą verslą. Neaiškios ES struktūrinių fondų pasinaudojimo galimybės. Tyrimas parodė, kad nors mūsų valstybėje yra parengta nemažai įstatymų, reglamentuojančių neformalųjį suaugusiųjų mokymą, tačiau jo plėtra, lyginant su ES išsivysčiusiomis valstybėmis, yra nepakankama. Tik nedaugelis kaimo gyventojų dalyvauja įvairiose mokymosi programose. Ypač nenoriai mokosi vyresnio amžiaus asmenys, silpna besimokančiųjų motyvacija. Daugumai gyventojų trūksta informacijos apie mokymą organizuojančias institucijas ir jų teikiamą naudą. Valstybėje būtina keisti požiūrį į kaimo funkcijas, suvokti kaimo vietovių daugiafunkcinės plėtros būtinybę. / The paper deals with the problems of non-formal permanent education of rural population in Lithuania. The analysis of the economic situation shows about the lack of professional qualification, which is necessary in the labor market, especially for the beginning and developing of the own private business. The possibilities of EU structural funds using are unclear for the majority of rural inhabitants. Our research shows, the development of the adults’ education system isn’t insufficient, although the government of Lithuania has created a lot of law acts, which are regulating the non-formal training of rural adults. Only insignificant number of the current rural residents is participating in the various training programs. Particularly elders are reluctantly participating in training. Their motivation is fairly low. The majority of countryside people are having incomplete information about the non-formal vocational training institutions and the favor of such training. It is necessary to change the official attitude of the rural functions and to realize the necessity of multifunctional development in the countryside.

Objective: To evaluate the consumption of analgesics in Lithuania in the year 2005 – 2007. Material and methods: The data on sales of analgesics drugs in Lithuanian over a 3-year period (2005 – 2007) were obtained from Softdent database. Data were calculated by defined daily dose (DDD) methodology and expressed in DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day. Results: The total analgesic drugs consumption increased by 16.55% in a 3-year period (2005 – 2007): from 58.37 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day to 68.03 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day. Diclofenac (ATC M01A) seemed to be the most highly consumed drug in Lithuania in the three-year period. Diclofenac (M01A) price/DDD is only 0.28 Lt. For these reasons diclofenac was more often used than other painkillers. The second most used agent for pain control was glucosamine (6.38 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day in 2005), which is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and, along with new products, its popularity increased sharply. Its consumption grew by 29.80% and achieved 8.28 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day in 2007. Glucosamine value (Price/DDD) is 1.39 Lt, while paracetamol - 0.59 Lt. Glucosamine is OTC drug so people can buy it easily without control. Maybe for this reasons the usage of glucosamine is enough high. Ibuprofen has regained its popularity after the problems with coxibs. In 2005, the consumption of ibuprofen (4.42 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day) grew rapidly once again, reached 7.26 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day in 2007 and showed 64.25% increase... [to full text] / Tikslas. Įvertinti analgetikų vartojimo tendencijas Lietuvoje 2005 – 2007 m. Metodai. Duomenys apie analgetikų pardavimą Lietuvoje 2005 – 2007 metais rinkti iš UAB „Softdent" duomenų bazės. Vaistai buvo klasifikuojami pagal anatominę terapinę cheminę (ATC) klasifikaciją. Vaistų suvartojimas buvo vertinamas pagal apibrėžtos dienos dozės (DDD – angl. defined daily dose) metodiką, o duomenys pateikiami apibrėžta dienos doze tūkstančiui gyventojų. Rezultatai. Lietuvoje per trejus metus (2005 – 2007) analgetikų vartojimas padidėjo 16.55%: nuo 58.37 iki 68.03 DDD/tūkstančiui gyventojų. Daugiausiai buvo suvartojama diklofenako (ATC grupė M01A), tai galėjo būtų dėl tam tikrų priežasčių: diklofenako vieno DDD kaina tik 0.28 lito. Antroje vietoje pagal suvartojimą – gliukozaminas, kuris vartojamas osteoartritui gydyti. Jo suvartojimas išaugo 29.80% ir 2007 m. pasiekė 8.28 DDD/tūkstančiui gyventojų. Gliukozamino vieno DDD vertė 1.39 Lt, kai paracetamolio – 0.59 Lt. Gliukozaminas yra bereceptis vaistas, taigi žmonėms jis legvai prieinamas. Galbūt dėl šių priežasčių gliukozamino suvartojama gana daug. Ibuprofenas susigrąžino savo populiarumą: 2005 metais jo suvartojimas pradėjo vėl sparčiai didėti, 2007 metais pasiekė 7.26 DDD/tūkstančiui gyventojų, ir parodė 64.25% augimą. Nimesulido vartojimas dramatiškai išaugo ir 2007 metais pasiekė 4.91 DDD/tūkstančiui gyventojų. Jo vieno DDD vertė 1.69 Lt, kai paracetamolio ir kitų analgetikų ši vertė nesiekė 1 Lt. Airijoje nimesulidas buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]