A 10.6 ym C02 laser operating a power range S P 200 watts was used to pump some select vibrational transitions in the NO2 molecule while monitoring the rotational transitions (91/9—'100/10), (232f 22 ~~"*242,23> ' (402,38 "393,37) in the (0, 0, 0) vibrational level and the (8q,8—*"^1,7) rotational transition in the (0, 1, 0) vibrational level. These rotational transitions were monitored by microwave probing to determine how the population of states in the rotational manifolds were being altered by the laser. Coincidences between some components of the V3-V2 band of N02 and the C02 infrared laser lines in the 10 um region appeared to be responsible for the strong interaction between the continuous laser beams and the molecular states.

Foi realizada a comparação entre os achados de espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética utilizando a sequência PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy), com TE curto (35ms) no cíngulo posterior e hipocampos de 29 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (leve e moderada) e 15 controles. As relações de metabólitos com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade na diferenciação entre os grupos foram em ordem decrescente: Naa/Cr do cíngulo, mI/Naa do cíngulo, mI/Naa dos hipocampos e mI/Cr dos hipocampos. Não houve vantagens, nesta casuística, na realização da espectroscopia de prótons nos hipocampos, um local tecnicamente mais difícil e demorado em relação ao cíngulo posterior. Observou-se correlação positiva da relação Naa/Cr e negativa da relação mI/Naa do cíngulo posterior com o MMSE / The objective of this study is to compare the findings on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy) technique with short TE (35ms) in the posterior cingulate and hippocampi of 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mild and moderate) and 15 controls. The metabolic ratios with highest sensitivity and specificity were (in a decreasing order): posterior cingulate Naa/Cr, posterior cingulate mI/Naa, hippocampi mI/Naa and hippocampi mI/Cr. In the group analised it seems there is no advantage in performing MRS in the hippocampi instead of posterior cingulate, a technically challenging location, usually leading to a longer examination time. In the posterior cingulate we observed a positive correlation with Naa/Cr ratio and a negative correlation with mI/Naa ratio and the MMSE

Orientador: Gabriela Castellano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_CarlosSatoBaraldi_M.pdf: 2085782 bytes, checksum: 169421816d56753ab8dbb39c00e0a51f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A técnica de espectroscopia por ressonância magnética (MRS, do inglês Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)baseada no núcleo do hidrogênio (1 H -MRS)tem sido muito usada em estudos neurológicos na determinação de padrões metabólicos para várias patologias. A informação fornecida por esta técnica é única, pois permite monitorar níveis de metabólitos específicos, envolvidos em vários aspectos da função cerebral. Até o momento, a grande maioria dos estudos de 1 H -MRS in vivo têm sido "estáticos ", no sentido de que uma única medida é feita, sem se preocupar com informação temporal. Isso se deve à baixa razão sinal-ruído inerente a esta técnica, que obriga à realização de aquisições longas e médias temporais, sacrificando a resolução temporal. No entanto,o advento da técnica de ressonância magnética funcional e de outras técnicas de neuroimagem dinâmicas, que medem parâmetros dinâmicos como fluxo sanguíneo, taxa de oxigenação do sangue, atividades elétrica e magnética do cérebro, naturalmente fez surgir o interesse em se ter uma técnica que pudesse fornecer informação dinâmica sobre as vias metabólicas associadas à função cerebral - uma MRS funcional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, portanto, verificar a viabilidade da utilização da técnica de MRS in vivo em experimentos funcionais, tendo sido o primeiro realizado nesta área, no Brasil. Para isso foi primeiramente realizado um estudo extensivo sobre os poucos trabalhos existentes na área e as bases bioquímicas da ativação neuronal. Em seguida, foram realizados experimentos e desenvolvidos vários métodos de análise para tentar detectar a variação temporal dos principais metabólitos presentes num espectro cerebral (N-acetil-aspartato total: NAA, Creatina total: Cre, grupo Colina: Cho, grupo Glutamato/Glutamina: Glx, e Lactato: Lac)em indivíduos saudáveis, durante um experimento com estímulo visual. Os experimentos apresentaram uma série de dificuldades, e não foi possível alcançar a alta resolução temporal desejada, sendo que a resolução média ficou na ordem de minutos -o que concorda, no entanto, com a maioria dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura. Não detectamos variações significativas nos níveis de NAA, Cre e Cho, o que também está de acordo com a maioria dos estudos encontrados na literatura. Por outro lado, foram encontradas variações nos níveis de Lac (que aumentaram com o estímulo, o que concorda com a literatura, porém não voltaram ao nível basal após o estímulo, o que não concorda), e variações nos níveis do grupo Glx (que aumentaram com o estímulo, voltando em seguida ao nível basal, o que concorda com a literatura). Embora os resultados encontrados não tenham sido totalmente concordantes com a literatura e não tenha sido possível melhorar a resolução temporal (em relação aos trabalhos da literatura), acreditamos que este trabalho deixa uma significativa contribuição através dos diversos protocolos experimentais e métodos de análise testados, e abre o caminho para pesquisas futuras na área / Abstract: The technique of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using the hydrogen nucleus (1 H -MRS) has been widely used for neurologic research for determining metabolic patterns for many pathologies. The type of information provided by this technique is unique, since it allows monitoring specific metabolic concentrations involved in cerebral function.Until now, the majority of the in vivo 1 H -MRS studies have been "static ", meaning that data acquisition is done with no concern for temporal information. The reason for this is the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)inherent to this technique, which imposes long acquisitions and time averaging that sacrifices temporal resolution. However, the development of function Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)and other time resolved neuroimaging techniques, that measure dynamic parameters such as blood flow, blood oxygenation rate, electric and magnetic cerebral activity, naturally brought up the interest on a technique that would allow a time resolved measure of the specific metabolic concentrations involved on cerebral metabolism - something like a functional MRS. Therefore the goal of this work was to study the feasibility of using the in vivo MRS technique for functional experiments, being the .rst of its kind performed in Brazil.To do so,initially an extensive bibliographic research was done, to comprehend not only the details of these experiments but also the neurochemistry behind the MRS signal.Next, experiments were performed and many analysis methods were developed, in order to attempt to detect temporal variations of the main metabolites present on a typical cerebral spectrum (total N-acetyl-aspartic acid: NAA, total Creatine: Cre, total Choline: Cho, Glutamine/Glutamate group: Glx and Lactate: Lac) in healthy subjects, during a visual stimulation experiment. Those experiments presented a series of difficulties and the desired high temporal resolution was not attained, achieving an average resolution of minutes - the same resolution found on the majority of the works published. We did not detect any significant variation of the NAA, Cre or Cho levels, which supports the conclusions of other works published. On the other hand, we detected variations in the Lactate levels (which increased with the stimulus, as reported in other works, but did not return to base-line levels, which disagrees with the published works), and in the Glx levels (which increased with the stimulus, returning to baseline levels after it, which agrees with the published literature). Although the results found are not totally in agreement with the published literature and it was not possible to improve the temporal resolution (compared to published works), we believe that this work leaves a significant contribution to the field, through the experimental protocols and analysis methods tested, and opens paths for future research in this area / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

A carne bovina é considerada um alimento altamente nutritivo, sendo uma fonte de proteínas e vitaminas, além de minerais tal como ferro e zinco. Por outro lado, a carne vermelha atualmente tem sido associada a doenças cardiovasculares e ao câncer. No entanto, essa associação vem sendo contestada, pois a carne de ruminantes bem como o leite são fontes naturais do ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA, do inglês \"conjugated linoleic acid\"), o qual possui várias propriedades benéficas, como atividade anticarcinogênica, redução de gordura corporal, entre outras. Essas propriedades têm sido observadas em estudos com animais modelos, mas também pesquisas apontam tais benefícios para os humanos. Vários estudos têm sido realizados para aumentar a produção de CLA pelos ruminantes no Brasil. Nesse contexto, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos rápidos e eficazes para a determinação de CLA em carnes de ruminantes e no leite, pois o método atual é baseado na análise dos ésteres metílicos dos ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa, que envolve várias etapas, sendo um método laborioso. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia rápida, baseada na técnica de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN de 1H) para a determinação do teor do CLA na gordura de carne bovina. Para isso foi avaliada a influência dos principais parâmetros experimentais de RMN de 1H, como a largura do pulso de radiofrequência, o tempo de repetição, método de excitação seletiva, entre outros parâmetros que podem interferir na razão sinal/ruído e na reprodutibilidade das medidas. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização da RMN de 1H para a determinação do teor de CLA em carne bovina, além de ser coerente com os dados obtidos por cromatografia gasosa, representa uma abordagem mais rápida e simples para a determinação do teor de CLA em carne bovina. / Beef is considered a very nutritive food, since it is a source of proteins and vitamins, besides minerals such as iron and zinc, on the other hand it has been associated to heart diseases and cancer. However, this association has been contested because ruminant meat as well as milk, is a natural source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), that has several benefic properties such as anticarcinogenic activity, reduction of body fat and others. These properties have been observed in studies with animals and can be extended to humans. Several studies have been done to increase the concentration of CLA in Brazilian ruminant meat. In this context, it is necessary to develop fast and effective analytical methods to determine CLA in ruminant meat and milk, because the current method, based on the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography (GC), involves several stages, being laborious. Thus, the main purpose of this work was the development of a fast methodology, based on hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H NMR) to determine CLA content in beef fat. In consequence, it was evaluated the influence of main experimental parameters from 1H NMR, such as radiofrequency pulse width, repetition time, method of selective excitation, between others that may interfere in signal-to-noise ratio and reproducibility. The results indicated that the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine CLA content in beef have high correlation to data obtained by gas chromatography, representing a much faster and simpler methodology to determine CLA content in beef.

A ressonância magnética (RM) é um exame de diagnóstico por imagem amplamente utilizado e permite a obtenção de imagens de diversos segmentos do corpo com alta qualidade. Embora seja um exame de excelência, os pacientes que se submetem a esta técnica, podem apresentar claustrofobia em razão do espaço limitado dentro do equipamento. A claustrofobia é considerada um estado de ansiedade e classificada como uma fobia específica pelo DSM IV. O Questionário de Claustrofobia (CLQ) é um instrumento de mensuração, que foi criado em língua inglesa e posteriormente, foi traduzido e validado para outras línguas e culturas, inclusive no Brasil em 2008. Trata-se de uma escala do tipo Likert, com escores que variam de 0 (nada ansioso) a 4 (extremamente ansioso); possui 26 itens que são distribuídos em dois domínios (sufocação 14 itens e restrição 12 itens). OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Claustrofobia, aplicado a pacientes submetidos à Ressonância Magnética. MATERIAL E MÈTODO: Foram realizadas a avaliação da consistência interna, análise fatorial confirmatória, validação de construto convergente (correlacionado Questionário de Claustrofobia com o Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado), validação de construto discriminante e aplicação da curva ROC para propor um ponto de corte para o instrumento. A coleta de dados foi feita em um hospital de grande porte do Município de São Paulo com 300 pacientes que realizaram ressonância magnética; pela aplicação de três instrumentos, sendo eles: o de caracterização biossociodemográfica, Questionário de Claustrofobia e Inventário de Ansiedade - Estado. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade interna medida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteve os seguintes valores: para o total da escala 0,94; para os domínios sufocação, 0,80 e restrição, 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou dois domínios e obteve valor de NNFI 0,692, considerado bom valor de ajuste para o modelo. A validação de construto convergente correlacionou o CLQ com o Inventário de Ansiedade- Estado e os valores obtidos foram muito próximos a zero, indicando que não há relação entre os instrumentos (r - 0,111). Já a validação de construto discriminante, em que foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney, foi capaz de discriminar os grupos claustrofóbicos com as variáveis claustrofobia referida, RM prévia e faixa etária. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte pela curva ROC e a pontuação se for, igual ou maior que 16 pontos, sugere o potencial desenvolvimento da claustrofobia. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitiram concluir que o Questionário de Claustrofobia teve desempenho satisfatório, atestando sua confiabilidade e mostrando-se válido para medir a claustrofobia no ambiente de ressonância magnética. / Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging widely used and allows obtaining images of various body segments with high quality. Although an examination of excellence, patients who undergo this technique may have claustrophobia due to the limited space inside the equipment. Claustrophobia is considered a state of anxiety and classified as a specific phobia by DSM - IV. The Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ) is a measurement tool, which was created in English and then translated and validated for other languages and cultures, including Brazil in 2008. It is a Likert scale, with scores ranging from 0 (not anxious) to 4 (extremely anxious); has 26 items that are divided into two domains (14 items suffocation and restriction 12 items). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Claustrophobia Questionnaire applied to patients undergoing MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an evaluation of internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent construct validation (Claustrophobia Questionnaire correlated with Anxiety Inventory - State), discriminant construct validation and application of the ROC curve to propose a cutoff point for the instrument. Data collection was done in a large hospital in São Paulo with 300 patients who underwent MRI, the application of three instruments, namely: the characterization of bio socio demographic protocol, Claustrophobia Questionnaire and Anxiety Inventory - State. RESULTS: The internal reliability as measured by Cronbach\'s alpha obtained the following values: for the total scale 0.94; domains to suffocation, restriction and 0.80, 0.93. Factor analysis confirmed two domains and obtained value of NNFI 0.692, considered good value adjustment to the model. Validation convergent construct the CLQ correlated with State Anxiety Inventory and the values obtained were very close to zero, indicating no relationship between the instruments (r - 0.111). Already construct validation discriminant, in which we used the Mann-Whitney test was able to discriminate between claustrophobia claustrophobic with the variables mentioned, previous CABG and age. Was established cutoff by ROC score and if equal to or greater than 16 points, suggests the potential development of claustrophobia. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the Claustrophobia Questionnaire showed a satisfactory performance, proving its reliability and proving to be valid to measure the claustrophobia in MRI environment.

Objetivo: Determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da pesquisa do nistagmo de privação vertebrobasilar (PNPVB), Angiorressonância magnética (AngioRM), investigação ultrassonográfica cervical e Doppler transcraniano (DTC) em pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de insuficiência vertebrobasilar (IVB). Método: o estudo foi aprovado pela comissão de ética local. Os participantes deram consentimento formal. Foi formado grupo de estudo (GE) e grupo controle (GC) com 12 sujeitos em cada, pareados por sexo e idade, sendo 4 masculinos e 8 femininos, com média de idade de 72,66 (±8.35 anos). Os doentes foram selecionados do Ambulatório de Otoneurologia do HC-FMUSP com idade acima de 55 anos, sem outra provável causa de tonturas. Voluntários assintomáticos do Grupo de Apoio Multidisciplinar ao Idoso Ambulatorial (GAMIA) formaram o GC. Todos os participantes realizaram avaliação cardiogeriátrica para excluir qualquer doença de base que pudesse ser a causa da tontura, que não a IVB. Assim, os dois grupos realizaram a PNPVB, a AngioRM, a avaliação ultrassonográfica cervical e DTC. Resultados: PNPVB, AngioRM e avaliação ultrassonográfica cervical não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. No DTC, foram detectadas diferenças significantes em cinco variáveis: velocidade do pico sistólico da artéria cerebral média direita (ponto de corte em 76,00; sensibilidade de 0,83; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,012), velocidade diastólica final da artéria basilar (ponto de corte em 24,00; sensibilidade de 0,66; especificidade de 0,66; p=0,028), índice de pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria cerebral média esquerda (ponto de corte em 0,85; sensibilidade de 0,83; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,005), IP da artéria cerebral média direita (ponto de corte em 0,88; sensibilidade de 0,75; especificidade de 0,75; p=0,010), IP da artéria basilar (ponto de corte em 1,01; sensibilidade de 0,91; especificidade de 0,91; p < 0,001). Considerando-se o IP da artéria basilar, calculou-se o poder estatístico para uma amostra com 12 sujeitos em cada grupo, sendo > 95%. Conclusão: a PNPVB e a AngioRM não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. O DTC mostrou sensibilidade de 91% e especificidade de 91% para o diagnóstico da IVB relacionada à tontura, quando o IP da artéria basilar for maior que 1,01 / Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the vertebro-basilar deprivation nystagmus (VBDN), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), cervical ultrasonographic investigation and Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TDU) in patients with clinical diagnosis of vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). Methods: The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. The patients gave formal consent for participating in this study. We composed 2 groups: a study group (SG) and a control group (CG), comprised of 12 patients each, with sex- and age-matched patients (4 men and 8 women). Their mean age was 72.66 (±8.35) years. The study group included patients from the neurotology outpatient clinic of the HC-FMUSP who were over 55 years old, without any other possible cause for dizziness than VBI. Asymptomatic volunteers from the geriatrics outpatient clinic were included in the CG. All participants were subjected to evaluation of a cardio-geriatric professional, to exclude any subjacent disease that could cause dizziness other than VBI. Then, both groups were subjected to VBDN, MRA, cervical ultrasonographic investigation and TDU. Results: The VBDN, MRA and cervical ultrasonographic investigation did not demonstrate differences between the groups. The TDU demonstrated that the systolic pulse velocity of the right middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.83, specificity=0.75; p=0.028), final diastolic velocity of the basilar artery (sensitivity=0.66; specificity=0.66; p=0.028), pulsatility index (PI) of the left middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.83; specificity=0.75; p=0,005), PI of the right middle cerebral artery (sensitivity=0.75; specificity=0.75; p=0.010), and the PI of the basilar artery (sensitivity=0.91; specificity=0.91; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the diseased group compared to controls. Considering the PI of the basilar artery, we observed that the statistic power of the test was higher than 95%. Conclusion: The VBDN, MRA and cervical ultrasonographic investigation did not demonstrate significant changes in patients with VBI compared to controls. The PI of the basilar artery, measured using the TDU, demonstrated high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (91%) levels in the diagnosis of VBI when the PI was higher than 1.01

Contributions to the second order collision efficiency function S ⁽²⁾ (b), used in semiclassical perturbation approaches to pressure broadening of microwave and infrared spectra, due to several leading terms, dipole and quadrupole components, in the expansion of the intermolecular interaction energy are derived by method of irreducible spherical tensor operators for molecules of arbitrary symmetry. Results are given explicitly in terms of dipole and quadrupole line strengths. General expressions for dipole moment line strength in the asymmetric rotor basis as well as quadrupole moment line strength for the special case of molecules with two independent quadrupole moment components are derived. Computer programs for calculating linewidth parameters in the rotational spectrum of ¹⁴NO₂ based on Anderson and Murphy and Boggs theories are presented.

Abstract Xenon atoms and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) molecules can be dissolved in liquids and liquid crystals or adsorbed in porous materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 129Xe or 19F nuclei reveal information about their surroundings. This means that xenon atoms and SF6 molecules can be used as probes to indirectly study materials by NMR spectroscopy. The change in the spectra arises from a NMR interaction called shielding. Especially in the case of xenon, shielding reveals even the slightest changes, for example, in the density of a liquid it is dissolved in. Because a change in temperature leads to a change in the density of the liquid as well, temperature change is observed as a shift of the resonance line in the 129Xe NMR spectrum. This property can be utilized in the accurate determination of the sample temperature. Self-diffusion measurements of the gases provide additional information on a larger scale rather than just the immediate surroundings of atoms or molecules. Various liquid crystals were studied using xenon and SF6 as probes proving their applicability. It is often considered that the signal observed in NMR experiments is very weak and limits the full potential of the method. This is true especially with the samples in gaseous form. The Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) hyperpolarization method solves this problem in the case of xenon. A 129Xe NMR signal can be enhanced by a factor of 104–105 by SEOP and this opens access to techniques that are not otherwise possible. The remote detection technique, which separates the encoding and detection steps of the typical NMR experiment both temporally and spatially, is one of these techniques. The potential of the combination of SEOP and remote detection techniques was shown in studies of thermally modified Pinus Sylvestris.

Le travail présenté ici a consisté en la mise au point d’une méthode de spectroscopie localisée proton filtrée carbone 13C chez la souris ainsi que de la mise en place d’un protocole pour des acquisitions, in vivo, de spectroscopie localisée en rotation à l’angle magique sur la drosophile. Le travail sur la souris a en particulier porté sur l’effet d’un traitement antivasculaire sur des tumeurs cérébrales. Pour réaliser cette étude il a également fallu concevoir une sonde de mesure (support + détecteur) spécialement dédiée à ce type d’étude. Le travail a permis de mettre en évidence l’apport de cette nouvelle méthode par rapport à la méthode classique de spectroscopie proton. Le travail sur la drosophile a permis la mise en place de la spectroscopie localisée par tranche, ce qui était l’objectif de départ, mais également la mise en place d’imagerie de déplacement chimique à 1 dimension spatiale, qui permet de réaliser une cartographie de la répartition spatiale des métabolites. Ces deux méthodes de spectroscopie sur la drosophile représentent à notre connaissance, deux premières, et ouvrent des perspectives importantes de recherche sur cet insecte qui est le plus utilisé dans le domaine, en particulier car il représente un très bon modèle génétique. / Here we present a 1H −13 C filtered method for localized spectroscopy for the study of mice brain metabolism and, also for the development of localized HRMAS spectroscopy methods for the in vivo study of drosophila. The aim of the work on mice was to study the effect of a vascular disrupting agent on glioma. We had to build a probe (cradle + detector) dedicated to this work. With this work we succeed to show the contribution of the 1H −13 C spectroscopic method, compared to the classical one, 1H spectroscopy. For the drosophila part of my work we succeed to perform slice selective spectroscopy on living drosophila using high Resolution Magic Angle Spinning, we even perform chemical shift imaging (1 spatial dimension) which give us a mapping of the metabolites distribution. As far we known, those methods represent two « premieres », and offer new perspectives of research on this insect, which is the most used in this field, particularly because of the numerous genetic studies on this animal.

Background: While pain is essential for physiological functioning, chronic or pathologic pain is responsible for a major burden of disease in society. Novel approaches to treating acute and chronic pain have employed neuromodulatory tools to target the central and peripheral neural structures that mediate pain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for example, is a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been shown in preliminary studies to reduce chronic pain when applied to the primary motor cortex. In contrast to this exogenous neuromodulatory approach, diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) refers to endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms that decrease pain following introduction of heterotopic noxious stimuli. This thesis explores whether combining these exogenous and endogenous pain modulation approaches synergistically increases the threshold at which pain is perceived. Methods: We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a crossover design to investigate the effects of tDCS and DNIC on pain thresholds in 15 healthy human subjects. Pain thresholds were assessed prior to and following administration of active tDCS, sham tDCS, cold-water-induced DNIC, and combined active tDCS and DNIC. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we examined whether baseline concentrations of brain metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate in pain-related regions of interest were associated with responses to the varying neuromodulatory conditions. Results: Pain thresholds significantly increased following both active tDCS and the DNIC paradigm. These modulatory approaches appeared to have additive effects when combined. Pain threshold increases after active tDCS were positively correlated with baseline levels of N-acetylaspartate, a marker of good neural function, in the anterior cingulate cortex and negatively correlated with baseline levels of glutamine in the thalamus. Conclusions: Combining endogenous pain regulatory mechanisms with exogenous stimulation of the motor cortex can more effectively increase pain thresholds in healthy humans. Future studies should examine whether existing pain therapies may be enhanced with noninvasive brain stimulation and activation of DNIC. They should also assess whether brain metabolite levels can be utilized to predict clinical response to therapeutic interventions.