La notion de filiation renvoie au lien familial entre un parent et un enfant, lien qui ancre l'individu dans une lignée généalogique et permet de l'identifier par rapport aux membres de sa famille. Notion universelle, il a semblé pertinent d'examiner comment deux systèmes juridiques distincts, tels que ceux de droit civil et de common law, l'appréhendaient. Évoquant intuitivement un lien génétique entre le parent et l'enfant, la notion de filiation pourrait se réduire à cette dimension purement physique. Pourtant, le droit tient compte du fait qu'elle recouvre d'autres réalités, sociales et affectives, révélant ainsi une notion plus complexe. Entre la réalité génétique, devenue accessible grâce aux progrès de la science, et la volonté, employée pour fonder toutes les fictions juridiques telles que l'adoption, la procréation médicalement assistée et la gestation pour autrui, une tension est née. Le droit s'efforce de trouver un équilibre entre ces fondements grâce à la nouvelle« boussole » qu'est l'intérêt de l'enfant ainsi que grâce au cadre éprouvé de l'ordre public. L'étude comparée des droits français et anglais a permis également d'observer une dissociation croissante entre la notion et son régime, le régime pouvant être attribué indépendamment de l'existence juridique du lien. Cette dissociation en a révélé une autre, aux contours plus précis encore, entre le statut, c'est-à-dire le lien de droit initial auquel est attaché le régime, et le rôle, c'est-à-dire le comportement de fait qui se verra attribuer tout ou partie du régime de la filiation. C'est ensuite autour de l'exercice effectif de ce rôle que se réagrège une grande partie des effets de la filiation, interrogeant par conséquent la notion sur sa capacité à rendre compte des évolutions du droit de la famille. / The notion of “filiation” refers to the family relationship between a parent and a child, which place each on ein a family lineage and identify him from the members of his family. Because of its universality, it seemed appropriate to examine how two different legal systems, such as those of civil law and common law , understood it. Referring intuitively to a genetic link between parent and child, the notion of “filiation” could be, at first sight, reduced to a physical aspect. However, the law recognizes that it covers other realities like social and emotional ones. Thus, it reveals a more complex concept. In recent years, a tension appeared between genetic reality, which became available thanks to advances in science, and will, used to base alllegal fictions such as adoption, assisted reproduction and surrogacy. The law seeks to check and balancethese foundations with the child's welfare and public policy.The comparative study of French and English law also revealed a growing dissociation between the notion and its effects. Indeed, the effects can be assigned independently of the legal existence of the link. This dissociation has revealed a more precise one between the status, that is to say the initial link which isattached the effects, and the role, that is to say, the behavior which will receive all or part of the effects of filiation. Then, the effective exercise of this role can re-aggregate the effects of filiation. Thus, it is questioning the notion on its ability to account for changes in the family law .

Submitted by Marco Tulio Padilha (tuliopadilha@hotmail.com) on 2014-12-23T14:36:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-Padilha-Projeto Entrega Final.pdf: 7936589 bytes, checksum: a4bbbf04a100d02d45ab1f91e604b6a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2014-12-23T14:38:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-Padilha-Projeto Entrega Final.pdf: 7936589 bytes, checksum: a4bbbf04a100d02d45ab1f91e604b6a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-23T15:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-Padilha-Projeto Entrega Final.pdf: 7936589 bytes, checksum: a4bbbf04a100d02d45ab1f91e604b6a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Based on a sample of 119 companies that voluntarily delisted between 1999-2013, we investigated agency problems and access to capital as possible determinants to the delisting, controlling for cost to maintain the company listed, undervaluation, size, and stock liquidity. Proxies related to agency problems, such as higher ownership concentration, combined to lower return on assets, have strong influence on the stock delisting, as well as free cash flow and dividend payout. Regarding the use of capital markets to access follow on, as well as access to debt, we find that companies that delisted have less need to access the debt market, controlling for companies with the same profile. To the matter of control, we do not find evidence that cost to maintain the company listed nor the liquidity are determinant. / A partir de uma amostra de 119 empresas que deslistaram voluntariamente no período de 1999 a 2013, investigamos problemas de agência e acesso a capital como possíveis determinantes no fechamento de capital, controlando para custo de manter a empresa listada, sub-avaliação, tamanho e liquidez na bolsa. Proxies relacionadas a problemas de agência, tais como maior concentração de propriedade, combinado com menor retorno sobre ativos, possuem forte influência na deslistagem das ações, além de fluxo de caixa livre e distribuição de dividendos. Quanto ao uso de mercado de capitais para acesso a follow on, bem como acesso a dívida, encontramos que as empresas que deslistam possuem menor necessidade de acesso ao mercado de dívida, controlando para empresas com mesmo perfil. Para efeito de controle, não encontramos evidência de que custo de se manter listada nem que a liquidez sejam determinantes.

En Afrique subsaharienne francophone, au cours de ces deux dernières décennies, le nombre et l’intensité des crises et conflits restent un sujet de vive préoccupation exigeant une réponse globale. Ces différends ont souvent pour cause profonde la violation des droits de l’homme et l’avènement du processus démocratique débouchant sur des transitions chaotiques, notamment en République démocratique du Congo, au Tchad, en Côte d’Ivoire et au Togo.L’OIF, un acteur à vocation culturelle doté dorénavant d’instruments et de mécanismes de prévention et de sortie de crises, s’impose à côté de l’ONU et autres organisations internationales et régionales comme une institution culturelle de démocratie et de sécurité.Outre son rôle prépondérant en matière de contribution au processus démocratique, les actions de la Francophonie se déroulent en complémentarité avec celles des autres organisations impliquées dans la prévention, la gestion et la résolution des conflits.A l’heure des enjeux sécuritaires entre Etats, et en dépit de ses moyens limités, il s’avère nécessaire de construire autour de cet espace géoculturel à dimension politique, une identité stratégique sécuritaire en vue de juguler les menaces et risques majeurs et jouer pleinement son rôle de puissance d’influence. / In francophone Sub-Saharan Africa conflicts and crises have increased in number and intensity over the two last decades and remained a major issue demanding a global response. They are often mainly caused by the breach of human rights and the coming of democratic process leading chaotic transitions, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad, Ivory Coast and Togo.The international organisation of “ francophonie” – whose role consists in promoting culture and whose new tools and mechanisms aim at preventing and solving crises – play a major part among the UN and other international and regional organisations as a cultural institution for democracy and security. Apart from its prevailing part played in terms of contribution to the democratic process, the actions of the organisation complement those of other organisations involved in preventing, managing, and solving conflicts.At this time of security challenge among countries and despite limited means, working out – within this geo cultural area that has a political dimension – a secure strategic identity, turns out to be necessary in order to curb major threats and risks and fully play the role of influential power.

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