Les sécheresses des années 1970 accentuées dans les années 1980 et les aménagements hydroagricoles ont eu pour conséquence une certaine dégradation des ressources naturelles du delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (DIN). Cette dégradation des ressources naturelles associées à la pression croissante de la population sur le milieu a conduit à une gestion conflictuelle de ces ressources. De plus, le système d’exploitation actuel des ressources et le fonctionnement hydrologique font du DIN un écosystème complexe à gérer. Dans ces travaux, nous adoptons une approche intégrée et pluridisciplinaire pour aborder la problématique de gestion des ressources du DIN. L’approche mobilise l’hydrologie, la sociologie, l’agronomie et l’économie. L’analyse des données hydrologiques a permis de mettre en évidence une différence significative entre les dates de passage des maximums des fleuves Niger et Bani qui alimentent le DIN. Cette différence impacte les calendriers des principaux systèmes de production contribuant ainsi à exacerber les conflits. Les stratégies de gestion élaborées avec les parties prenantes, allient des pratiques de sécurisation et de maîtrise de l’eau, d’intensification, de régénération des ressources, de renforcement des capacités et des incitations économiques. Par ailleurs, dans un contexte de variabilité climatique accrue, nous avons analysé les perceptions d’un échantillon de pêcheurs, d’éleveurs et de cultivateurs sur la prévision du climat et sur l’intérêt des prévisions climatiques et des crues. Il ressort que les besoins en information climatique des usagers d’une plaine inondable comme le DIN se rapportent surtout aux dates de début de saison, de passage des maximums de crue, de la date d’arrivée des crues et des hauteurs maximales de crue. L’intérêt économique simulé de l’information climatique pour un système agraire de riziculture inondée présente un gain moyen de 10%. Par contre le coût des éventuelles erreurs de prévision serait particulièrement élevé pour les producteurs avec un déficit moyen sur le revenu de 24%. / The droughts of the 1970s intensified in the 1980s and the development of irrigation schemes upstream of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali (IND) have resulted in the degradation of natural resources. This degradation of natural resources associated with the increasing population pressure on the environment has led to a more conflictive management of these resources. In addition, the current operating system of resources and the hydrological functioning of the IND make the management of the ecosystem more complex.In this work, we adopt an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to address the IND resource management issues. The approach mobilizes hydrology, sociology, agronomy and economy.The analysis of hydrological data has highlighted a significant difference between the maximum passing dates of the two rivers that supply the IND. This difference impacts the schedules of the main production systems thus contributing to exacerbate conflict. The management strategies developed with stakeholders combine the practices of security and water control, intensification, resource regeneration, capacity building and economic incentives. Moreover, in a context of increased climate variability, we analyzed the perceptions of a sample of fishermen, herders and farmers on climate prediction and their interest of climate and flood forecasts.. It appears that the need for climate information of floodplain users as IND relate mainly to the onset date of rainy season, flood maximum passaging date, the arrival of floods and flood peak heights.The simulated economic value of climate information for an agrarian system of flooded rice obtains an average gain of 10%. As against the cost of possible prediction errors is particularly high for producers with an average deficit on income of 24%.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse and compare existing National Councils of Education in countries from Europe Union and OECD. The thesis also summarises knowledge about discuss and realization Councils in the Czech republic. It shows history of Administration and Management of Education in the Czech republic from early years after war to present with a focus on changes which happened after the Velvet Revolution in november 1989. Output of the thesis is a concept of possible National Council of Education in the Czech Republic which is based on performed analysis.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse and compare existing National Councils of Education in countries from Europe Union and OECD. The thesis also summarises knowledge about discuss and realization Councils in the Czech republic. It shows history of Administration and Management of Education in the Czech republic from early years after war to present with a focus on changes which happened after the Velvet Revolution in november 1989. Output of the thesis is a concept of possible National Council of Education in the Czech Republic which is based on performed analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 26 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir com a mensuração de custos intangíveis. Inicialmente, fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre Estratégia, Ativos Intangíveis, Fatores Intangíveis, Custos Intangíveis, Custeio ABC e matriz de relação. Na sequência, detalhou-se o modelo proposto por Diehl (1997) para a mensuração de custos intangíveis e acrescentou-se a priorização dos fatores intangíveis por meio de técnicas qualitativas como a entrevista não estruturada e a matriz de priorização a partir da seleção dos atributos constantes na estratégia empresarial comparados com os fatores intangíveis mais citados pelos gestores. Tal modelo foi aplicado na empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre (Trensurb S/A). O período para análise dos custos intangíveis foi de novembro de 2007 a outubro de 2008, em razão de ser o período cujo sistema interno de custeio encontrava-se completo e fidedigno aos dados contábeis. Com a priorização do fator intangível imagem empresarial, foi possível mensurar o que foi gasto para manter esse / Present research subject is measuring intangible costs. First of all, it was done a literature revision on Strategy, Intangible Assets, Intangible Factors, Intangible Costs, ABC Costing and relation matrix. On sequence, it is detailed model proposed by Diehl (1997) for intangible cost measurement. It is added intangible factor preference qualitative techniques as per non-structured interview and preference matrix from attributes selection regarding management strategy, compared with the most intangible factors quoted by management. Such model was applied at Porto Alegre’s Trens Urbanos company - Trensurb S/A. Intangible costs analysis period was from November, 2007 to October 2008 when costing internal system is complete and reliable with accounting data. From the intangible factor selection “company image”, it was possible measuring how much was spend to maintain such intangible factor on the last twelve months at the organization. Since methodology applying it was verified its applicability, over all on org

Esta tese teve por objetivo investigar a reflexividade como componente estratégico na prática de Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) e na contribuição crítica da Psicologia das Organizações e do Trabalho (POT) frente aos desafios da alta modernidade. Tomando como referencial a Sociologia de Anthony Giddens, os atores são capazes de elaborar, no contexto das relações sociais em que estão inseridos, as condições da sua própria ação e a do outro, confrontando aquilo que a organização diz ser da forma como é compreendida. Ao mesmo tempo, o estudo revelou que os atores esperam poder contribuir e agregar valor para a organização, pela dimensão cognitiva que possuem. Isso porque os atores produzem reflexão sobre os processos nos quais estão envolvidos, queira a empresa ou não, construindo experiências pessoais com alta potencialidade de informações e conhecimentos para a GRH realizar o auto-monitoramento contínuo, identificar gaps existentes e aperfeiçoar as práticas adotadas que podem ser, assim, reconstituídas ou reorganizadas. O presente estudo, tomando como objeto de investigação empírica o processo interno de seleção de pessoas de uma empresa, analisou o quanto o conhecimento produzido pelos atores, uma vez ignorados diante da ênfase dada aos sistemas técnicos especialistas, fechados à participação pela ausência deliberada de espaços dialógicos, pode levar a perdas de referenciais e sentido, levando a uma situação denominada neste estudo como labirinto organizacional. O estudo conclui que um processo interno de seleção de pessoas vai além da escolha do candidato mais habilitado para exercer uma determinada função, pois é capaz de revelar também a forma de ser da própria organização, seu auto-retrato, na visão dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo. O quadro teórico elaborado com os conceitos de Giddens foi aplicado, neste estudo, às experiências elaboradas pelos atores quando questionados. A pesquisa demonstrou a condição e o potencial dos atores de transformarem a estrutura existente, como um Teseu contemporâneo que entra no labirinto com um projeto, agente ativo no uso reflexivo da razão como fio lógico para si que move os seus passos dentro da organização. Trata-se da experiência oposta à figura do Minotauro, submetido de forma passiva aos limites impostos pela estrutura. Ligar essas experiências é um exercício de construção que remonta ao hipertexto, como contra-labirinto, que conecta experiências e oferece um sentido para o agir organizacional. O resultado da investigação sobre a visão dos candidatos e psicólogos selecionadores mostrou que criação e análise das práticas, exploração e leitura das experiências vividas, potencializa a reflexividade institucional como condição para modernização das organizações ao fortalecer o papel dos atores como agentes ativos / This thesis aimed at investigating reflexivity as a strategic feature of Human Resources Management (HRM) linked to the critical contribution of Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) within the facing up to the high modernity organizational challenges. Grounded in the Anthony Giddens Sociology, it scrutinized actors capacity to elaborate the conditions related to their own and others actions within the social contexts they are settled in by withstanding organizational narratives about what is being done by management. Additionally, it analyzed actors expectations of their own contribution to the organization by adding value through the offering of their own cognitions to the organization. Their expectations stem from their reflexivity on the processes they are involved in through which, be recognized or not by the enterprise, they produce a wide range of knowledge and information potentially fertile for the accomplishment of HRM selfappraisal, the identification of existing gaps and the amelioration of its practices. Taking the process of personnel selection as the target of scrutiny, this study analyzed the extent to which the knowledge produced by organizational actors is ignored by the organizational preference for the information produced by expert systems which are hemmed in to any kind of participation due to the lack of dialogical spaces. This situation produces loss of meaning and of references thus creating a kind of organizational maze. The empirical findings disclosed that an internal process of personnel selection goes beyond the choice of the most competent applicant for a particular position since it is enabled to disclose the way the organization works and its self-portrait according to actors views. Actors experiences were matched to the theoretical framework. Yet the findings confirmed actors potential competence to contribute to the transformation of the existing organziaitonal structure, as contemporary Teseus enter into the maze having a project as an active agents enabled to apply reflexivity by using the logical thread to move within the organization. Actors experience withstand Minotauros situation which was passive within the boundaries imposed by the maze structure. The scrutiny of those experiences hints at the hypertext as a sort of counter maze since it relates and offers meanings to the organizational action. Finally, the findings which emerged from the comparison of applicants with psychologists views put into light the potentiality of the analysis of procedures and the reading of experiences to enhance institutional reflexivity as inputs for organizational development since it gives momentum to actors roles as active agents

Esta tese teve por objetivo investigar a reflexividade como componente estratégico na prática de Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) e na contribuição crítica da Psicologia das Organizações e do Trabalho (POT) frente aos desafios da alta modernidade. Tomando como referencial a Sociologia de Anthony Giddens, os atores são capazes de elaborar, no contexto das relações sociais em que estão inseridos, as condições da sua própria ação e a do outro, confrontando aquilo que a organização diz ser da forma como é compreendida. Ao mesmo tempo, o estudo revelou que os atores esperam poder contribuir e agregar valor para a organização, pela dimensão cognitiva que possuem. Isso porque os atores produzem reflexão sobre os processos nos quais estão envolvidos, queira a empresa ou não, construindo experiências pessoais com alta potencialidade de informações e conhecimentos para a GRH realizar o auto-monitoramento contínuo, identificar gaps existentes e aperfeiçoar as práticas adotadas que podem ser, assim, reconstituídas ou reorganizadas. O presente estudo, tomando como objeto de investigação empírica o processo interno de seleção de pessoas de uma empresa, analisou o quanto o conhecimento produzido pelos atores, uma vez ignorados diante da ênfase dada aos sistemas técnicos especialistas, fechados à participação pela ausência deliberada de espaços dialógicos, pode levar a perdas de referenciais e sentido, levando a uma situação denominada neste estudo como labirinto organizacional. O estudo conclui que um processo interno de seleção de pessoas vai além da escolha do candidato mais habilitado para exercer uma determinada função, pois é capaz de revelar também a forma de ser da própria organização, seu auto-retrato, na visão dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo. O quadro teórico elaborado com os conceitos de Giddens foi aplicado, neste estudo, às experiências elaboradas pelos atores quando questionados. A pesquisa demonstrou a condição e o potencial dos atores de transformarem a estrutura existente, como um Teseu contemporâneo que entra no labirinto com um projeto, agente ativo no uso reflexivo da razão como fio lógico para si que move os seus passos dentro da organização. Trata-se da experiência oposta à figura do Minotauro, submetido de forma passiva aos limites impostos pela estrutura. Ligar essas experiências é um exercício de construção que remonta ao hipertexto, como contra-labirinto, que conecta experiências e oferece um sentido para o agir organizacional. O resultado da investigação sobre a visão dos candidatos e psicólogos selecionadores mostrou que criação e análise das práticas, exploração e leitura das experiências vividas, potencializa a reflexividade institucional como condição para modernização das organizações ao fortalecer o papel dos atores como agentes ativos / This thesis aimed at investigating reflexivity as a strategic feature of Human Resources Management (HRM) linked to the critical contribution of Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) within the facing up to the high modernity organizational challenges. Grounded in the Anthony Giddens Sociology, it scrutinized actors capacity to elaborate the conditions related to their own and others actions within the social contexts they are settled in by withstanding organizational narratives about what is being done by management. Additionally, it analyzed actors expectations of their own contribution to the organization by adding value through the offering of their own cognitions to the organization. Their expectations stem from their reflexivity on the processes they are involved in through which, be recognized or not by the enterprise, they produce a wide range of knowledge and information potentially fertile for the accomplishment of HRM selfappraisal, the identification of existing gaps and the amelioration of its practices. Taking the process of personnel selection as the target of scrutiny, this study analyzed the extent to which the knowledge produced by organizational actors is ignored by the organizational preference for the information produced by expert systems which are hemmed in to any kind of participation due to the lack of dialogical spaces. This situation produces loss of meaning and of references thus creating a kind of organizational maze. The empirical findings disclosed that an internal process of personnel selection goes beyond the choice of the most competent applicant for a particular position since it is enabled to disclose the way the organization works and its self-portrait according to actors views. Actors experiences were matched to the theoretical framework. Yet the findings confirmed actors potential competence to contribute to the transformation of the existing organziaitonal structure, as contemporary Teseus enter into the maze having a project as an active agents enabled to apply reflexivity by using the logical thread to move within the organization. Actors experience withstand Minotauros situation which was passive within the boundaries imposed by the maze structure. The scrutiny of those experiences hints at the hypertext as a sort of counter maze since it relates and offers meanings to the organizational action. Finally, the findings which emerged from the comparison of applicants with psychologists views put into light the potentiality of the analysis of procedures and the reading of experiences to enhance institutional reflexivity as inputs for organizational development since it gives momentum to actors roles as active agents

Unidades propulsoras híbrido elétricas são uma alternativa em potencial para a redução do consumo de combustível e emissões de poluentes, quando empregadas em veículos de transporte público. A configuração híbrido elétrica de interesse é a série, na qual as fontes de potência, para o motor elétrico de tração, são compostas por um banco de baterias e uma unidade formada pela junção entre um motor à combustão interna e um gerador. Na presente Dissertação foi realizada a modelagem de um veículo elétrico híbrido série na qual diferentes estratégias de gerenciamento de potência foram investigadas. Dentre as estratégias de interesse, duas são fundamentadas em regras e a terceira em sistemas fuzzy. Resultados obtidos comprovaram que a fundamentada em sistemas fuzzy possibilita maior economia de combustível, permitindo que o motor à combustão interna forneça menos potência, face o emprego das baseadas em regras. Dessa forma, a utilização de sistemas fuzzy no gerenciamento de potência do veículo, permite o emprego de um motor à combustão menos potente, de menor custo, sem o comprometimento do desempenho do veículo. As simulações do presente modelo de veículo híbrido foram realizadas no ambiente Matlab/Simulink® 7.3.0. / Hybrid electric propulsion units are a potential alternative to the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, when used in public transport vehicles. The electric hybrid configuration of interest is the series, in which the energy supplies to the traction electric motor are composed of batteries and a unit represented by the connection of an internal combustion engine and a generator. This Dissertation presents the modeling of a series hybrid electric vehicle in which different energy management strategies were investigated. Among the strategies of interest, two are based on rules and one on fuzzy systems. The obtained results proved that the strategy based on fuzzy systems improved the fuel economy, allowing the internal combustion engine to supply less power than the use of the strategies based on rules. Therefore, the use of fuzzy systems in the energy management of the vehicle allows for the adoption of a less potent and cheaper internal combustion engine, without compromising the vehicles performance. The simulations of the present model of the hybrid electric vehicle were performed in the Matlab/Simulink® 7.3.0 environment.

In Southeast Asia, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) fail each year; in 2010, SME failure rate exceeded 50%. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that some SME business leaders use to decrease the failure rate of SMEs in Southeast Asia. The target population consisted of 5 SME business leaders in Southeast Asia who demonstrated success in using strategies to decrease the failure rate of SMEs. The conceptual framework for this study was the Ulrich model, which supports the notion that a human resource manager needs to be involved in overall organizational decision making as a strategic partner, administrative assistant, employee champion, and a change agent for business continuity and sustainability. Data collection sources included semistructured interviews and analysis of company documents. Using Yin's 5-step data analysis approach resulted in 3 themes: governance, marketing and branding, and integration of information technology. The governance theme included employee engagement and leadership strategies, which could help business leaders to create an agile work environment and work commitment to decrease business failure. The marketing and branding theme included social media and networking strategies that could promote the brand and enhance company image. The implication for social change is that business continuation could lead to economic development, employment opportunities, and tax revenue for local governments, leading to an improved standard of living and overall prosperity of local communities.

In recent years, rules and regulations regarding fuel consumption of vehicles and the amount of emissions produced by them are becoming stricter. This has led the automotive industry to develop more advanced solutions to propel vehicles to meet the legal requirements. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle is one of the solutions that is becoming more popular in the automotive industry. It consists of an electrical driveline combined with a conventional powertrain, propelled by either a diesel or petrol engine. Two power sources create the possibility to choose when and how to use the power sources to propel the vehicle. The strategy that decides how this is done is referred to as an energy management strategy. Today most energy management strategies only try to reduce fuel consumption using models that describe the steady state behaviour of the engine. In other words, no reduction of emissions is achieved and all transient behaviour is considered negligible.  In this thesis, an energy management strategy incorporating engine dynamics to reduce fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions have been designed. First, the models that describe how fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions behave during transient engine operation are developed. Then, an energy management strategy is developed consisting of a model predictive controller that combines the equivalent consumption minimization strategy and convex optimization. Results indicate that by considering engine dynamics in the energy management strategy, both fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced. Furthermore, it is also shown that the major reduction in fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions is achieved for short prediction horizons.

La gestion des pêches en Atlantique Nord-Est s'oriente vers une régionalisation, prenant en compte les interactions techniques caractéristiques des pêcheries mixtes. Ceci nécessite une compréhension et une évaluation des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des espèces exploitées et des flottilles qui les exploitent. Cette thèse vise à proposer un outil pour évaluer les conséquences de stratégies de gestion dans le golfe de Gascogne. Elle se focalise sur le stock de merlu Nord (Merluccius merluccius) et la pêcherie mixte démersale merlu - sole (Solea solea) – langoustine (Nephrops norvegicus) du golfe de Gascogne. Un cadre d'évaluation de stratégies de gestion (MSE) a été développé, intégrant un modèle d'évaluation spatialisé du stock de merlu Nord, et un modèle opératoire (lSlS-Fish) simulant la pêcherie mixte démersale du golfe de Gascogne. Le modèle spatialisé d'évaluation a estimé des variations spatio-temporelles d'abondance, recrutement et mortalité par pêche du merlu Nord, malgré la sensibilité de la procédure d'estimation au point initial. Le modèle opératoire intègre I'ensemble de la connaissance disponible sur la pêcherie. ll a été calibré selon une approche multi-critères, assurant la reproduction des captures de merlu sur 2010-2012. Le cadre d'évaluation de stratégies de gestion n'est pas opérationnel, mais a mis en évidence des différences de modélisation des dynamiques à l'échelle de la pêcherie, et illustre de potentiels effets de la gestion par TAC du stock de merlu Nord sur la pêcherie, dans un contexte de mise en place de I'obligation de débarquement. Ces résultats et des pistes d'amélioration sont discutés. / North-East Atlantic fisheries management goes towards a regionalisation, accounting for mixed fisheries technical interaction. Hence, understanding and assessing the spatio-temporal dynamics of exploited species and the fleets exploiting them is needed. This study aims to provide a tool to assess the effects of several management scenarii in the Bay of Biscay. lt fouses on North-east Atlantic northern hake stock (Merluccius merluccius) and the mixed demersal hake - sole (Solea solea) - Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) Bay of Biscay fisheries.A Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework has been developed, pairing a spatial northern hake stock assessment model, and an operating model (lSlS-Fish) simulating the Bay of Biscay mixed demersal fisheries.A Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework has been developed, pairing a spatial northern hake stock assessment model, and an operating model (lSlS-Fish) simulating the Bay of Biscay mixed demersal fisheries.The spatial assessment model estimated northern hake abundance, recruitment and fishing mortality spatio-temporal variations, despite the estimation procedure sensitivity to initial point.The operating model incorporates all the current knowledge on the fisheries. lt has been calibrated following a multi-criteria approach, ensuring the reproduction of hake catch on 2010-2012. The Management Strategy Evaluation framework is not operational, although it highlighted discrepancies between both models dynamics at the fishery scale, and illustrated northern hake management through TACs potential effects on the fishery, in a landing obligation context. These results and improvement axes are discussed.