This thesis examines the interaction between religion and empire in Manchester between 1876 and 1899 with particular focus on the Catholic Church. The existing story of imperialism and religion in Manchester argues that by 1900 there existed a common imperial culture across all Churches. Whilst this is convincing, this thesis examines the Catholic story, which has not been substantially investigated before, and uncovers more varied reasons for imperial engagement, and differences in emphasis, than previously acknowledged.The struggle for elementary education has been seen as the dominant factor which led to a new confidence and political maturity amongst Catholics by the year 1900. This thesis shows how other decisions taken on a local level by Catholic hierarchies and laymen were also important. The thesis analyses the key role played by Bishop Vaughan of Salford and other clergy in the formation of the Manchester Geographical Society (MGS). The nature of the MGS is placed within the wider literature on geographical societies. The influence of religious figures on geographical societies and cultures of exploration in England, has been previously neglected. Vaughan's aims for involvement in the MGS were diverse, including the greater involvement of Catholics in civil society, a redefinition of the Catholic image, and a more closely defined role for Catholics in the British empire. The MGS emerges as a hybrid institution, of competing aims and values, rather than a commercial pressure group. The foundation by Bishop Vaughan of St. Bede's College in Manchester, for the Catholic middle class of the city, is then described. The technical and geographical education developed at the school, by Vaughan and Prefect of Studies Louis Charles Casartelli, was formulated to strengthen the commercial nature of the growing Catholic middle class, and in the longer term to aid both the assimilation of local Catholics into society, and to change the image of the faith to one which was engaged with aspects of the modern world and the wider empire. The museum at the school is also shown to have played a key role in redefining geography as a subject. Bishop Vaughan and Louis Charles Casartelli actively engaged with modern developments in Manchester, and aspects of contemporary society such as imperialism, exploration and commerce.No previous study has analysed St. Bede's College to any extent. This thesis uses the MGS Archive located at Greater Manchester County Record Office, many documents from which have never been analysed. Material is also used from the Church Lads' Brigade archive near Rotherham, and from St. Bede's College.

Between 1847 and 1903, spanning the first three episcopates of the newly-created Diocese of Manchester, 228 churches were built, or significantly extended, in the largest by far of its five deaneries, the Deanery of Manchester. Exploration of diocesan, Mancunian, and parochial archival and other sources revealed that sixty-one of those 228 building-projects – over a quarter – had each been funded by a single donor or single family. The fifty 'singular' donors (eight financing more than one project) represented a wide swathe of the middle and upper echelons of society, comprising six MPs; thirty-one industrialists, including twenty-two (predominantly textile-) mill-owners, three engineers, and two colliery- and canal-owners; and thirteen non-industrialists, including five bankers, two landed gentry and three clerics. The scale of this aspect of industrial city philanthropy, and its lack of study are striking. Singular funding by donors of specific buildings provides a fresh angle from which to approach the reasons for philanthropy at an individual level. In each case, what role did self-interest play; what role such impulses as Established-Church-allegiance, evangelism, paternalism, territorialism, and dynasticism? Could a master driving-force, composed of a combination of some or all of those and other possible impulses, have been a donor's desire for worth: self-worth; worth in the eyes of contemporary society; and worth for remembrance in posterity? Were donors essentially creating churches in their own image? The Introduction covers identification of the churches and the ecclesiastical, industrial and historical context of their building and of nineteenth-century Mancunian philanthropy. Chapter One, exploring the donors' biographies, includes, as potential drivers in church-creation, timing of public preferment – providing scant support for its previously identified role in other charitable giving – and alternative donor-self-image-related impulses. Chapter Two considers, as a measure of donor-church-identity, possible linkage of donor to church through dedication, proximity, iconography, memorials, armorials, dedicated space, and burial arrangements. Chapter Three uses choice of architect, their north-western oeuvre, and the balance of architects' and donors' roles, to further assess reflection of donor-self-image in the church. Finally, Chapter Four scrutinises each donor-church-architect nexus for signs of churchmanship; a quality – where present in strength and definable as donor-led – considered strongly indicative of donor-self-image. Donor, church, architect, and churchmanship – key components of the donated church and to assessing in each their interconnections – disclose great diversity. Donor-self-image was indeed present, in its various aspects, in most if not all the churches. Its presence ranged from almost negligible or inconclusive to what amounts to its passionate expression. Archive Note: Research for this project resulted in far more material of relevance to its substance than could be included in the text. The University of Manchester has kindly consented to hold this material, comprising textual and photographic data, as an archive freely accessible on request.

This research contributes to the debate about the impacts of ICTs on the business of local government. It conceptualises the city as a site of local governance where ICTs have an impact on the social, political and economic complexities. Indeed, the starting point of this research is the widely held view that technology holds promise to alleviate both economic and democratic challenges faced by local government today. The conceptual framework combines Manuel Castells' Network Society with theories of democracy, governance and citizenship, as well as the so-called 'new economy'. Furthermore, the role and purpose of e-government is explored from the citizen/user perspective. Technology implementation in local government is contrasted combining the 'top-down' perspective of policy-makers with 'bottom-up' experiences of frontline officers and citizens. The research design is a case study of the City of Manchester with European benchmarking perspectives. The research found that whilst technology offers promise in theory, its implementation in a real context rarely fulfils that potential from an economic efficiency or democratic engagement perspective. It is concluded that ICTs are often used to trigger a desired behaviour related to the local government modernisation policy agenda. However, a lack of clarity and shared understanding between managers, users and citizens about the purpose of that technology lead to patchy implementation and poor take-up. Furthermore, the justification for new technology is often based on managerial and narrow values steeped in assumptions about rationality, economic efficiency or competitiveness. These managerial priorities are often camouflaged with a broader discourse of empowerment or inclusion, or sold as 'must haves' for which there is no alternative. Overall, in Manchester it is found that ICTs tend to increase the distance between the local government service provider and the user (citizen) as access channels are made 'corporate'. Moreover, the fragmented and atomised nature of communites is highlighted through the use of modern ICTs when the primary motives are to do with the interests of the private consumer-citizen. However, the benchmarking case study discovered that there can be alternatives and that citizens are more likely to adopt online access channels if they have higher levels of trust towards local government. The research concludes that local government should take their democratic governance role equally seriously as its economic governance role in designing and implementing technology. Incorporating broader democratic values into ICT policy and programmes is likely to broaden the appeal among the citizens, as well as steer the unknown 'spin-offs' and consequences of new technology in the direction of collective, public interest rather than individual, private interest. Democratic governance and socially inclusive policy-making serve as an insurance policy against the risks (e.g. in the field of privacy, economic viability, accountability) in the future electronically networked city.

This thesis examines the historical pattern of protest activity involving students from the University of Manchester and the London School of Economics between the academic years 1945/46 and 2010/11. Gathered through a protest event analysis of the universities’ student press, quantitative protest event data is presented that establishes a continuous pattern of protest activity at both institutions from the mid-fifties onwards. Adding to a small body of scholarship on student activism beyond the sixties epoch, the thesis challenges the assumption that student protest peaked in the late sixties, which currently dominates the student protest literature. The decade’s wave of student unrest is widely presented as exceptional and unprecedented, a golden age of student protest, casting non-sixties student generations as politically apathetic. The quantitative data refutes these claims, demonstrating an ongoing history of student protest on both campuses that sets precedent for the sixties mobilisations and undermines the idea that student apathy is pervasive on the post-sixties university campus. Between 1945/46 and 2010/11, University of Manchester students are involved in 840 protest events, while London School of Economics students participate in 505 protest events, a combined total of 1345 protest events. Using qualitative data drawn from the student press and other archival materials alongside the numeric data, the thesis argues that the British student unrest in the sixties had precedent in the fifties and early sixties, noting tactical and ideological similarities. Further, the thesis refutes the student apathy narrative using protest activity as evidence of student political participation, but also pointing to student engagement in formal and informal political activity, such as political party membership, voluntary action and campaigning for NGOs and pressure groups. Echoing studies on youth political participation, the thesis finds that students remain politically engaged across the twentieth and twenty-first century. Drawing together social movement theory with insights from the archival materials and student press, the thesis identifies factors contributing to the emergence, decline and survival of student protest activity at the University of Manchester and London School of Economics. The thesis establishes that progressive political and social values, student produced movement frames, access to resources on campus, political opportunities and campus activist networks interact to facilitate the emergence of student unrest. It also demonstrates that political factionalism and some forms of authority responses to unrest are key factors in declines in student protest activity. The thesis argues that attempts at co-option and repression by the state and the university, normally understood to prompt declines in protest, may actually provoke further activity amongst students. Applying Nella Van Dyke’s theory of ‘hotbeds of activism’ to the British context (1998), the thesis argues protest activity survives across the timeframe, because both universities have developed student activist networks and subcultures that maintain the traditions and practices of activism on campus. Activist expertise is transferred between student generations through the student unions, student societies and informal groupings, ensuring that that the campus activist networks are primed to seize opportunities for protest activity on and off campus.

Urban populations worldwide are expanding rapidly and consequently a large number of people are becoming exposed to hazards inherent in cites. Phenomena such as the urban heat island can exacerbate the effects of heatwaves, and land surface sealing can lead to flash flooding. Cities are also the sites of enhanced air and water pollution from non-point sources such as concentrated motor vehicle use. Climate change predictions for the UK include increased winter precipitation and an increase in frequency of summer heatwaves. This will put further pressure on urban residents and infrastructure. Roof greening can be used within climate change adaptation schemes because green roofs have a range of environmental benefits which can help urban infrastructure become more sustainable. This thesis empirically quantifies several of these benefits, and the processes influencing them, by monitoring real green roofs in Manchester. A number of novel discoveries were made. Green roofs act as passive filters of airborne particulate matter. 0.21 tonnes of PM10 (2.3% of the inputs) could be removed from Manchester city centre in a maximum extensive green roof scenario. Species and site differences in particle capture were exhibited and related to morphology and proximity to sources respectively. An intensive green roof was able to lower the monthly median overlying air temperature at 300 mm by up to 1.06 oC. A combination of drought and mismanagement caused damage to the vegetation on one of the green roofs, with a subsequent reduction in the cooling effect. Daytime air temperatures were higher than over an adjacent bare roof for a larger proportion of the day than over the undamaged roof, and lower cooling was observed at night. A site-specific methodology was devised to monitor the rainwater runoff from an intensive green roof and an adjacent bare roof. Average runoff retention of 65.7% was observed on the green roof, compared to 33.6% on the bare roof. Season and rainfall amount had significant impacts on retention, however, many other explanatory variables such as Antecedent Dry Weather Period (ADWP) and peak rainfall intensity had no demonstrable, significant impact. Intensive roof construction on 10% of the rooftops in Manchester city centre would increase annual rainfall retention by 2.3%. The runoff was characterised with regards to heavy metals and nutrients. Nutrient levels were found to be not a significant problem for water quality, however, Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) values for protection of freshwater were exceeded for concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. High metal concentrations within the sediments may be acting as sources of pollution, particularly in the case of Pb. The age of the green roof means that past atmospheric deposition of Pb could be contributing to the runoff quality. The multi-benefit aspect of green roofs is discussed in the light of the results of this thesis and recommendations made for policy makers and the green roof construction industry.

No description available.

Background: The football industry is a giant economic driver in the world with the English Premier League being the one with the largest following worldwide. Recently, the Premier League club Manchester City FC got charged with over 100 breaches of the leagues financial fair play rules invoking discussion and reactions among fans. This provides an opportunity to conduct research of social identity threat situations of a real-time event. Therefore, the study of Manchester City FC fans is a valid case to contribute to the understanding of British football fans´ reactions to social identity threats and coping strategies.  Purpose: This study aims to explore the reaction and coping mechanisms of football fans as their supported club has been accused of potential rule-breaking activities. Method: The study is following an interpretivist approach through a single case study. A qualitative content analysis method is used to analyse the data gathered through a Manchester City online forum. The data is analysed through manual coding, where the sub-categories emerge from the raw codes gathered from the Manchester City online forum. Conclusion: This study suggests that social mobility is not prominent amongst Manchester City FC fans in the occurrence of this Social Identity Threat, while aggressive coping strategies such as Social Competition and Social Creativity are prominent in the analysis of the sample. The study also supports previous research identifying humour as a prominent coping strategy and identifies similarities between British sports fan and sports fans in other cultures.

No description available.

In Brazil, the emergency and emergency area is considered by the Ministry of Health (MS) an important component of health care. In recent years, we have seen a considerable increase in the demand for emergency and emergency services, mainly due to the population growth and the increase in the number of accidents. Since 2007 the Ministry of Health has adopted the Manchester system as the standard protocol for risk classification and clinical priority throughout the national emergency and emergency system, be it public or private. Thus, the use of computational facilitators to learn the Manchester risk classification system consists of two parts: Computational modeling of the Manchester system in a dynamic model; and use of problem-based learning PBL and gamification to favor learning the system of risk classification. The dynamic model allows simulation as a means of visualizing the steps of the protocol operation, highlighting the key criteria that justify the classification. In addition to using the Petri Net, a modeling technique that allows the representation of systems, using as a foundation a strong mathematical base. The guiding objective was to produce a game as a scenario of the Manchester Protocol Risk Classification for professionals responsible for screening (doctors and nurses), offering a rating experience as close to reality as possible. It is also known that today, access to information is much easier, and the use of the language of games to promote learning makes the teaching method more playful and fun. It is concluded that, despite the importance of this protocol, through a review of the literature and a semi-structured research, the current research found that the protocol is not yet approached adequately in the nursing and medical training curriculum, delegating such knowledge of the practical experience of compulsory traineeships or the beginning of working life. / No Brasil, a área de urgência e emergência é considerada pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) um importante componente da assistência à saúde. Nos últimos anos nos deparamos com um aumento considerável na demanda por atendimentos de urgência e emergência, principalmente devido ao crescimento populacional e ao aumento do número de acidentes. Desde 2007 o Ministério da Saúde adotou o sistema Manchester, como protocolo padrão para classificação de risco e prioridade clínica em todo o sistema nacional de urgência e emergência, seja ele público ou privado. Dessa forma, o uso de meios facilitadores computacionais para o aprendizado do sistema de classificação de risco Manchester consiste em duas partes: Modelagem computacional do sistema Manchester em um modelo dinâmico; e uso de aprendizagem baseada em problemas PBL e gamificação para favorecer o aprendizado do sistema de classificação de risco. O modelo dinâmico possibilita simulação como meio de visualizar as etapas do funcionamento do protocolo, destacando os critérios-chave que justificam a classificação. Além de utilizar a Rede de Petri, uma técnica de modelagem que permite a representação de sistemas, utilizando como alicerce uma forte base matemática. O objetivo norteador foi produzir um game como cenário da Classificação de Risco do Protocolo Manchester para profissionais responsáveis pela triagem (médicos e enfermeiros), oferecer uma experiência da classificação o mais próximo da realidade possível. Sabe-se também que hoje, o acesso à informação é muito mais fácil, e a utilização da linguagem dos jogos para promover a aprendizagem torna o método de ensino mais lúdico e divertido. Conclui-se que, apesar da importância desse protocolo, através de uma revisão da literatura e de uma pesquisa semi-estruturada, a atual pesquisa constatou que o referido protocolo ainda não é abordado adequadamente na grade formativa dos cursos de enfermagem e medicina, delegando tal conhecimento para as experiências práticas dos estágios obrigatórios, ou do início da vida profissional.

This diploma thesis focuses on the Czech language and the Czech cultural background studies teaching in the 5th grade of the Czech division of the Czech and Slovak School & Community Manchester (CSM). Initially, based on the available data, this thesis provides a characterization of the Czech community in the United Kingdom. What follows is a description of the Czech and Slovak School & Community Manchester (CSM) organization, which focuses predominantly on its aims and the form that the Czech language and the Czech cultural background studies teaching of children and adults takes. Subsequently, this thesis provides an analysis of the content of the CSM's School Education Programme and, furthermore, it evaluates the possibility of realizing this programme to the fullest extent within the bounds of the school year. The following parts concentrate on the description of a fifth-grader from the point of view of developmental psychology and the specifics of the CSM students and the teaching of them. The concluding part contains teaching materials created and applied in the 5th grade of CSM by the author of this thesis. The materials take into consideration the uniqueness of the teaching of the CSM students. Concerning the teaching materials, this thesis elaborates on the purposes of their creation,...