The integrity of financial markets is threatened by a number of harmful practices. These are often generally described as ‘market abuse’. Market abuse comprises two practices: insider dealing and market manipulation. This thesis mainly explores market manipulation and the relevant Saudi law. Market manipulation was first regulated in 2003.1 It is therefore possible and useful for the purposes of this thesis, to distinguish between the pre- and post- enactment periods. This study has four main objectives. First, it will define market manipulation and describe its most common forms. Secondly, it will assess the application of Saudi civil and criminal law to market manipulation prior to the enactment of the Capital Market Law 2003. Thirdly, it will critically evaluate the application of this law to the different forms of market manipulation. Finally, it will assess how well the 2003 law is enforced. Different methodologies have been used to achieve these objectives with a focus on critical analysis and comparative study. The author has used the well-established US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and the UK Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to evaluate the Capital Market Law 2003. Prior to the enactment of this law, there were almost no regulations dealing with market manipulation. The 2003 law is applicable to most forms of market manipulation with the exception of security price stabilization and forms manipulation. Penalties under Saudi civil law tend to be more lenient compared to the US and the UK and this may inhibit its deterrent effect. Also, Saudi judges generally tend to lack the necessary understanding of manipulative practices to enforce the law effectively. Therefore, the success of the 2003 law in deterring and punishing manipulative practices should be reassessed in a few years’ time, when there is more data to make an accurate evaluation.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1997. / There have been few studies performed to determine the combined effects of spinal manipulative therapy with other modalities known to have beneficial physiological effects, especially in terms of mechanical low back pain (Ottenbacher and Difabio 1985). / M

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirement for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996. / The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of McMannis traction and Intermittent traction, both m conjunction with chiropractic manipulation in the treatment of chronic i.e. longer than four weeks, mechanical lower back pain. It was hypothesised by the author that McMannis traction would be the traction treatment of choice, as it enables the joints of the lumbar vertebrae to be moved through their normal anatomical range of motion while being traeticned axially. In addition this type of traction is more specific and allows the therapist to determine the amount of traction that is being applied to the patient because it is being applied manually. Intermittent traction on the other hand is a motorised non-specific traction and affects several joints at one time (Saunders 1979). / M

Orientador: Antonio Vidiella Barranco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco_FelipedeCampos_M.pdf: 1075719 bytes, checksum: 3053a24a405a3d715e3f7faf6455b424 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O principal propósito dessa dissertação é estudar um novo modelo de interação entre um átomo e um modo do campo eletromagnético quantizado, assim como a sua aplicação no problema de transferência de emaranhamento entre qubits e sistemas de variáveis contínuas. Inicialmente, apresentamos uma revisão do principal modelo de interação átomo campo quantizado, conhecido como modelo de Jaynes Cummings, e também uma introdução ao emaranhamento, com o objetivo de estabelecer as medidas que serão utilizadas no restante do trabalho. Após essa parte introdutória, baseados no já conhecido modelo Raman degenerado, propomos o modelo Raman Quase degenerado com intuito de descrever a interação de um átomo de três níveis na configuração L e um modo do campo quantizado. Admitimos que o campo, no limite dispersivo, acopla os dois níveis atômicos inferiores ao estado de maior energia e este é eliminado por uma transformação unitária, ou por eliminação adiabática. Dessa forma, ele passa a desempenhar o papel de um nível virtual que possibilita a transição efetiva entre os dois estados de menor energia do átomo. Para chegarmos à forma final do Hamiltoniano efetivo, ainda supomos que a diferença de energia entre os dois níveis inferiores é muito pequena se comparada à dessintonia do nível excitado em relação à freqüência do campo interagente. A partir das equações que descrevem a dinâmica do átomo interagindo com um campo coerente, investigamos a transferência de emaranhamento de um par de átomos maximamente emaranhados para um par de cavidades preparadas inicialmente no estado puro e separável de campo coerente. Naturalmente, também consideramos a transferência no sentido contrário, campo átomo. Os resultados obtidos mostram que é possível a transferência completa nas duas situações. O último assunto abordado nessa dissertação foram os estados coerentes emaranhados do tipo cluster. Propomos um esquema para a geração desse tipo de estado entre quatro cavidades separadas espacialmente utilizando apenas um átomo e duas zonas de Ramsey e também estudamos a influência da dissipação de energia / Abstract: The main purpose of this dissertation is to study a new model to describe the interaction between an atom and a mode of the quantized electromagnetic field and also its application to the entanglement reciprocation problem between qubits and continuous variable systems. Firstly, we review the main model used to describe the atom field interaction,known as the Jaynes Cummings model, and also make an introduction to entanglement, aiming to establish the measures that will be used latter.After this introductory part and based on the known degenerate Raman model, we propose the Quasi degenerate Raman model with the intention to describe the interaction between a three level atom in the L configuration and a mode of the quantized field. We admit that the field, in the dispersive limit, couples the two lower atomic levels to the highest energy state, which is then eliminated by a unitary transformation, or by an adiabatic elimination.In this way, it plays the role of a virtual level which enables the effective transition between the other two lower energy levels. To get to the final form of the effective Hamiltonian we still assume that the energy difference between these two lower energy levels is too small when compared to the detuning of the excited level. From the equations that describe the dynamics of an atom interacting with a coherent field, we investigate the entanglement transfer from two maximally entangled atoms to two cavities initially prepared in a pure separable coherent state. Naturally, we also consider the transfer on the opposite way, field -- atom. Our results show that the complete entanglement reciprocation is possible. The last subject of this dissertation is the cluster type entangled coherent states. We propose a new scheme for the generation of this kind of state among four spatially separated cavities using only one atom and two Ramsey zones and also study the energy dissipation influence / Mestrado / Física Atômica e Molecular / Mestre em Física

Esta dissertação apresenta uma solução prática para o problema de reiluminação de imagens para objetos com geometria arbitrária. Nossa técnica baseia-se no que chamamos de shading proxies (versões deformadas de modelos 3D que aproximam o objeto a ser reiluminado) para guiar o processo de reiluminação. Nosso método é flexível e robusto, podendo reiluminar fotografias, pinturas, e desenhos de diferentes objetos de maneira eficaz. Além de reiluminação, nossa técnica pode ser usada para estimar mapas de normais e profundidade, bem como realizar decomposição intrínsica de imagens, e transferir iluminação para desenhos delineados. Uma avaliação preliminar mostra que nossa técnica produz resultados convincentes, e usuários novatos podem reiluminar imagens facilmente em poucos minutos. / We present a practical solution to the problem of single-image relighting of objects with arbitrary shapes. It is based on a shading-ratio image obtained from the original and target lighting applied to shading proxies (warped versions of 3-D models that approximate the objects to be relit). Our approach is flexible and robust, being applicable to objects with non-uniform albedos. We demonstrate its effectiveness by relighting a large number of photographs, paintings, and drawings containing a variety of objects of different materials. In addition to relighting, our technique can estimate smooth normal and depth maps from pictures, as well as perform intrinsic-image decomposition. Preliminary evaluation has shown that our technique produces convincing results, and novice users can relight images in just a couple of minutes.

Orientador: Luci Banks Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T08:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SabrinaMoreiradeMorais_M.pdf: 921393 bytes, checksum: 41e73d2a8d15605c8d67ae2078c3e4d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A partir da compreensão dialética e histórica acerca da linguagem e do conhecimento, esse trabalho analisa as perspectivas assumidas com relação a esses conceitos pelas propostas teóricas que definem o que é o jornalismo e que constam na bibliografia do programa da disciplina Redação e Expressão em Jornalismo do curso de Comunicação Social - Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Goiás (programa que vigorou até 2003). Procurou-se mostrar como essas teorias definem a maneira pela qual o jornalismo influencia a sociedade e como é discutido, em enfoques por vezes antagônicos, o papel que a ideologia desempenha na linguagem e na constituição do conhecimento. De fato, essas posições ou propõem que o jornalismo apenas manipula o público de acordo com os interesses das classes hegemônicas, ou apenas veiculam formas de conhecimento social, que como todas as outras formas de conhecimento, são parciais, ou seja, não compreendem a totalidade dos fenômenos sociais. Além disso, as respostas de alunos do 4º ano de jornalismo (ano 2001) da referida Universidade à pergunta ¿o que é jornalismo?¿ também foram analisadas, o que tornou possível evidenciar a aceitação das principais idéias veiculadas pelos livros do programa / Abstract: Based on a dialectic and historical perspective in relation to language and knowledge, this research analyses the views which underlie these concepts in the theoretical proposals that define what Journalism is, as found in the recommended bibliography of the subject ¿Redação e Expressão em Jornalismo¿ in the Social Communications ¿ Journalism course of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (such a program lasted until 2003). Our aim is to show how those theories define the way through which Journalism influences society and how it discusses - sometimes with opposing focuses -, the role which ideology plays in language and knowledge construction. In fact, those conflicting positions either propose that Journalism merely manipulates the public according to the interests of the hegemonic classes, or simply conveys forms of social knowledge, which as any other way of knowledge, are partial, that is, they do not apprehend the full spectrum of social phenomena. Adding to that, the answers of 4th year Journalism students (year 2001) of the aforementioned University to the question ¿What is Journalism¿ were also analysed, making it possible to illustrate the acceptance of the main ideas conveyed in the textbooks adopted by the course / Mestrado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Mestre em Educação

Nossa trajetória no fotojornalismo, marcada por treze anos de trabalho como repórter-fotográfico e editor de fotografia na Empresa Folha da Manhã S.A. nos permitiu conhecer minuciosamente, na prática, o processo de construção de uma imagem fotojornalística. Apesar da produção internacional relativamente abundante e de trabalhos brasileiros de renomados profissionais da área, a produção teórica sobre os aspectos da fotografia no contemporâneo é ainda incipiente no Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito às inovações tecnológicas e seu impacto no fotojornalismo. Entre as questões mais instigantes da pesquisa e da teoria da imagem estão as tensões entre realidade e ficção e ética e ideologia. Segundo os parâmetros aceitos nas redações, uma boa fotografia é aquela que consegue aliar a precisão da informação com uma contundente beleza plástica. No fotojornalismo, mais que em qualquer outra modalidade de uso da fotografia, o registro fotográfico tem a necessidade de ser entendido, em sua gênese, como um documento, como um atestado comprobatório não apenas de que o fato aconteceu, mas que o mesmo ocorreu tal qual podemos observar na fotografia publicada no veículo. Como pensar então em informação precisa ou em verdade se sabemos de antemão que quando o fotógrafo documenta um acontecimento no espaço-tempo ele está invariavelmente, no ato fotográfico, descolando aquele recorte do real de seu contexto, interpretando o fato de acordo com sua cultura e sua ideologia? No fotojornalismo, essas tensões se revelam sobretudo na busca do equilíbrio possível entre informação e plasticidade, entre a sua natureza noticiosa que o obriga a se manter fortemente conectado a um referente e sua necessidade de conquistar a atenção do olhar do leitor contemporâneo, numa árdua batalha travada nas páginas de jornais e revistas com as imagens idealizadas e tecnicamente perfeitas da publicidade. Neste sentido, esta dissertação, que surge a partir da experiência de quem conheceu os mecanismos que regem o surgimento e a efetuação de uma pauta fotográfica na grande imprensa, pretende contribuir para ampliar o espaço desta reflexão na produção brasileira. Além disso, visamos analisar, ao cruzar a nossa experiência com a bibliografia contemporânea acerca da representação dos fatos na mídia impressa, as possíveis transformações ocorridas no conceito de documento fotográfico no período que vai da implantação da cor na impressão dos jornais diários brasileiros até o momento atual, passando pelo ingresso das câmeras digitais nas redações dos jornais. E, por fim, objetivamos também mostrar, por meio de imagens de violência recolhidas na mídia impressa, como esse processo pode corroborar para que os fotojornalistas e suas empresas façam, inconscientemente ou não, o uso da fotografia como uma ferramenta de criação, propagação e perpetuação de estigmas e preconceitos na sociedade. Sistematizar teórica e criticamente nossa experiência profissional obtida ao longo do trabalho como jornalista, repórter-fotográfico e editor de fotografia e, dessa forma, contribuir para a discussão acerca da profissão por nós escolhida, é um dos principais motivos que nos levaram a propor como objeto desta pesquisa uma análise do fotojornalismo a partir da sua produção desde diferentes perspectivas. / Our trajectory in photojournalism, marked by thirteen years of work as a reporter and photographic editor of the company Empresa Folha da Manhã S.A. allowed us to know, in practice, the process of creation an photojournalistic image. Despite the international production relatively abundant and the work of renowned Brazilian professionals in the area, the production on the theoretical aspects of photography in contemporary is still incipient in Brazil, especially with regard to technological innovations and their impact on photojournalism. Among the most instigatings issues of research and theory of the image are the tensions between reality and fiction and ethics and ideology. According to the editors accepted parameters, a good photograph is one that can combine the accuracy of the information with a convincingly plastic beauty. In photojournalism, more than any other mode of use of the photograph, the photographic record needs to be understood in its genesis, as a document such as a real certificate not only that the fact happened, but that it happened just the we see in the photograph published in the vehicle. Since then, how can we think on accurate information or true if we know in advance that when the photographer documents an event in space-time it is invariably, in the photographic act, unstick that cut of reality of its context, interpreting the fact based on his culture and his ideology? In photojournalism, these tensions are revealed especially in the search of the possible balance between information and plasticity, and its nature that requires that the news remains strongly connected to a referential and their need to win the attention of the readers contemporary look, in a tough battle fought on the pages of newspapers and magazines with the idealized and technically perfect images of advertising. Therefore, this dissertation, which arises from the experience of those who knew the mechanisms that govern the appearance and the execution of a photographic pauta, seeks to expand the space for discussion in the Brazilian production. Also, aim to analyze, by crossing our experience with the contemporary literature about the representation of the facts in press, the possible changes in the concept of photographic as a document, from the period of deployment of colors in printing the brazilianss newspaper untill today, and the advent of digital cameras in editors of newspapers. Finally, we also intend to show, throughout images of violence gathered in press, how this process can corroborate to the photojournalists and their enterprises to do, unconsciously or not, the use of photography as a tool for the creation, propagation and perpetuation of stigmas and prejudices in society. To systematize theoretical and critically our experience obtained during our career as a journalist, editor-reporter of photography and thus contribute to the discussion about the profession we have chosen, is one of the main reasons that led us to propose as the subject of this research an analysis of photojournalism from its production from different perspectives.

M.Tech. (Chiropractic) / The aim of this study was to determine whether improving a patient’s sleep ergonomics with the use of a cervical memory foam pillow was beneficial when combined with. A total of thirty participants volunteered to take part in this study - fifteen females and fifteen males. All were between the ages of eighteen and forty years old. The participants were randomly placed into one of two groups, each group consisting of fifteen participants. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation to the restricted segment/s of the cervical spine, while Group 2 received both chiropractic manipulation to the restricted segment/s of the cervical spine and a Sleep Active® Memory Foam® cervical spine pillow. The participant of Group 2 were given their pillow and were given instructions on how to use the pillow at home whilst sleeping, and were requested to sleep with this pillow throughout the duration of the study. Procedure: In this study each participant received six chiropractic treatments over a period of three weeks and one final follow-up visit where no treatment was administered. Subjective and objective data was recorded at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The subjective data included the Numerical Pain Rating scale (NPRS), Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index, the sleep component of the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index (component 7) and a modified Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Objective data included measurement of cervical spine range of motion with the use of a goniometer. Results: Statistical analysis performed included the non-parametric tests to determine if significant statistical results were found over time. The Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were performed for intra-group analysis and the Mann-Whitney U Test for intergroup analysis. Further correlation studies were conducted using the parametric, Pearson’s Test. The statistical analysis revealed significant statistical changes for intra-group results for both Group 1 and Group 2 and also significant statistical results for the intergroup analysis of the NPRS. The Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and the PSQI, yielded similar results - significant statistical changes within the intra-group analysis were found. The sleep component of the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index (Component 7) showed no significant statistical change for the participants of Group 1, however, a significant statistical change was found for the participants of Group 2. No significant statistical difference was found between the groups for the intergroup analysis, over time. Correlation studies between pain (NPRS) and sleep (Sleep Component of the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index) were included in the statistical analysis. It was found that no correlation between sleep and pain existed for those participants in Group 1, whereas Group 2 showed a trend between pain and sleep. The objective data collected from this study (cervical spine range of motion) was inconclusive. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that addressing sleep ergonomics with the use of Sleep Active® Memory Foam® Pillows to be an effective addition to a chiropractic treatment protocol when treating patients diagnosed with chronic cervical facet syndrome. Additionally, a relationship between sleep and pain was shown to exist and poor sleep should be considered when treating patients with chronic pain syndromes.

M.Tech.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)--Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / Brunarski (1984) says that philosophically and historically, chiropractic has been uniquely orientated toward an emphasis on preventative care and health maintenance with a mechanistic and hands-on model for treatment. Instead of reductionism, chiropractors focus on holism, non-invasiveness and the sharing of the responsibilities for healing between doctor and patient. As stated in a Canadian report by Manga et al. (1993), lower back pain is a ubiquitous problem and there are many epidemiological and statistical studies documenting the high incidence and prevalence of lower back pain (Manga et al., 1993). Evans and Oldreive (2000) revealed in a study of the transversus abdominis that low back pain patients had reduced endurance of the transverses abdominis and that its protective ability was decreased. In addition, it was noted that wasting and inhibition of the other core stabiliser and co-contractor, multifidus, was present (Hides et al.,1994), both of which have been linked to the presence of low back pain (Evans and Oldreive, 2000 and Hides et al., 1994). Thus, it stands to reason that manipulation, as an effective treatment for low back pain (Di Fabio, 1992), could be effective in restoring the strength and endurance of the core stability muscles. This is theoretically supported by the fact that a restriction in motion and pain due to mechanical derangement in the low back can be effectively treated by manipulation (Sandoz, 1976; Korr (Leach, 1994); Herzog et al., 1999; Homewood, 1979; Vernon and Mrozek, 2005 and Wyke (Leach, 1994)). Homewood (1979) described that a subluxation may interfere with the nerve supply and result in a decrease in muscular activity. He hypothesized that removal of the subluxation could restore: normal physiological processes, increase muscle activity and; improve functional ability and normalize the torque ratios (Herzog et al., 1999; Korr (Leach, 1994); Nansel et al., 1993 and Rebechini-Zasadny et al., 1981). In terms of an intervention, Rebechini-Zasadny et al. (1981) and Naidoo (2002) demonstrated and inferred that manipulation to the cervical spine could affect the muscular activity supplied by those levels. They, however, suggested further studies of manipulation-induced peripheral changes in the muscles are needed, due to unaccounted for variables and small sample sizes in their respective studies This research aims to address the questions posed by the above literature, hence by investigating a high velocity low amplitude manipulation as a possible added intervention for improving local core stabilizer muscle strength, a management protocol for the chronic mechanical lower back pain could be developed. / M