abstract: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, musicologists have been delving into formerly inaccessible archives and publishing new research on Eastern Bloc composers. Much of the English-language scholarship, however, has focused on already well-known composers from Russia or Poland. In contrast, composers from smaller countries such as the Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) have been neglected. In this thesis, I shed light on the new music scene in Czechoslovakia from 1948–1989, specifically during the period of “Normalization” (1969–1989). The period of Normalization followed a cultural thaw, and beginning in 1969 the Czechoslovak government attempted to restore control. Many Czech and Slovak citizens kept their opinions private to avoid punishment, but some voiced their opinions and faced repression, while others chose to leave the country. In this thesis, I explore how two Czech composers, Marek Kopelent (b. 1932) and Petr Kotík (b. 1942) came to terms with writing music before and during the period of Normalization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Music 2015

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[EN] Marek Leykam has contributed to reformulate the role of a modern architect as a manager of a collective effort, taking part effectively in the reconstruction of Poland after World War II by generating a highly symbolic architecture with a project method that prioritized logic and reason, which not only allowed to meet architecture with material needs of society, but also people to act consciously on the basis of social problems arised by the loss of identity and the discouragement of the surviving population about the idea of human being. Starting under conditions of chaos, that moved all available agents to join forces in pursuit of a common goal which was part of the basic vital needs of the population, Leykam articulated a coherent project method, based on optimization of technical possibilities and resources, in order to generate a reasonable answer to the context but not determining solutions by circumstantial accidents. The projects of Marek Leykam were opened to be completed by the interaction of people that was using them and, far from utopia, did not claim to be revolutionary but pointed a strong resistance, setting the foundations of a stable society that tried to recover faith in their community by sharing routines, patterns and repetitions. By means of architecture, Leykam stirred as well public awareness about the need of restructuring Polish society in the absence of subjective and authoritarian impositions, creating logical propositions that would allow to manage hierarchies and distribute equally spaces and visual perspectives in architecture for organizing a more just and egalitarian society. This thesis is focused on demonstrate the existence of a consistent project method throughout the work of Marek Leykam, reconstructing retrospectively its patterns, analyzing the semiotic implications of his architecture and showing its concern to find solutions to social problems derived from the collective sense of alienation that happened in Poland after the II World War. / [ES] El arquitecto polaco Marek Leykam contribuyó a reformular el papel del arquitecto moderno como auténtico gestor de un esfuerzo colectivo, interviniendo con eficacia en la reconstrucción de Polonia tras la II Guerra Mundial mediante una arquitectura de gran simbolismo y representatividad atenida a un método proyectual coherente derivado de su prioridad por la lógica y la razón, que no solo le permitió responder a las necesidades materiales de la sociedad, sino actuar conscientemente sobre la base de sus problemas sociales derivados de la pérdida de identidad y el desarraigo de la población superviviente ante la propia idea de ser humano. Bajo unas condiciones de partida de caos, en las que tuvieron que unir fuerzas todos los agentes disponibles en aras de un objetivo común que formaba parte de los requerimientos vitales básicos de la población, Leykam articuló un método proyectual coherente basado en la optimización de las posibilidades técnicas y constructivas de cada momento, el máximo aprovechamiento de los recursos y la eficacia en la ejecución, a través del cual generar una respuesta razonada al contexto de cada obra sin que sus soluciones quedasen determinadas por accidentes circunstanciales. El conjunto de proyectos de Leykam reconstruye de forma continua una trama abierta a ser completada por la interacción consciente de todas las personas que entran en contacto con su trabajo, contemporizando una postura firme y contraria a los planteamientos de dominación que estaban teniendo lugar en Polonia después de 1945 tanto en la esfera artística como en la social, y dando lugar a una obra que, alejada de la utopía, no tuvo pretensión de ser revolucionaria pero sí de ejercer una resistencia sobre la cual se sentasen las bases de una sociedad estable que recuperase la fe en su convivencia comunitaria compartiendo rutinas, pautas y repeticiones a modo de actos de liturgia. Mediante la arquitectura, Leykam agitó así la conciencia colectiva sobre la necesidad de reestructurar la sociedad polaca desde la ausencia de imposiciones autoritarias de carácter subjetivo, hecho al que aludió a través de una arquitectura basada en proposiciones lógicas que permitiesen administrar racionalmente las jerarquías y distribuir equitativamente los espacios y sus perspectivas visuales independientemente de cuáles fueran sus funciones. Mediante este procedimiento, era posible poner de manifiesto asimismo la necesidad de no trabajar alejado de los avances técnicos, ni carecer de mecanismos democráticos para organizar una sociedad más justa e igualitaria. El objetivo de esta tesis es demostrar la existencia de un método proyectual coherente a lo largo de toda la obra de Marek Leykam, reconstruyendo retrospectivamente sus patrones, analizando las implicaciones semióticas de su arquitectura y poniendo de manifiesto su preocupación por la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas sociales en una época marcada por un sentimiento colectivo de alienación. / [CA] L'arquitecte polonès Marek Leykam va contribuir a reformular el paper de l'arquitecte modern com autèntic gestor d'un esforç col·lectiu, intervenint amb eficàcia en la reconstrucció de Polònia després de la II Guerra Mundial mitjançant una arquitectura de gran simbolisme i representativitat atinguda a un mètode projectual coherent derivat de la seva prioritat per la lògica i la raó, que no només permetia respondre a les necessitats materials de la societat sinó actuar conscientment sobre la base dels seus problemes socials derivats de la pèrdua d'identitat i el desarrelament de la població supervivent davant la pròpia idea d'ésser humà. Sota unes condicions de partida de caos en què van haver d'unir forces tots els agents disponibles en nom d'un objectiu comú que formava part dels requeriments vitals bàsics de la població, Leykam va articular un mètode projectual coherent basat en l'optimització de les possibilitats tècniques i constructives de cada moment, el màxim aprofitament dels recursos i l'eficàcia en l'execució, a través del qual generar una resposta raonada al context de cada obra sense que les seves solucions quedessin determinades per accidents circumstancials. El conjunt de projectes d'Leykam reconstrueix de forma contínua una trama oberta a ser completada per la interacció conscient de totes les persones que entren en contacte amb el seu treball, contemporitzant una postura ferma i contrària als plantejaments de dominació que estaven tenint lloc a Polònia després de 1945 tant en l'esfera artística com en la social, i donant lloc a una obra que, allunyada de la utopia, no va tenir pretensió de ser revolucionària però sí d'exercir una resistència sobre la qual s'asseguessin les bases d'una societat estable que recuperés la fe en la seva convivència comunitària compartint rutines, pautes i repeticions com d'actes d'una litúrgia. Mitjançant l'arquitectura, Leykam agità així la consciència col·lectiva sobre la necessitat de reestructurar la societat polonesa des de l'absència d'imposicions autoritàries de caràcter subjectiu, fet al que va al¿ludir a través d'una arquitectura basada en proposicions lògiques que permetessin administrar racionalment les jerarquies i distribuir equitativament els espais i les seves perspectives visuals independentment de quines fossin les seves funcions. Mitjançant aquest procediment, era possible posar de manifest, així mateix, la necessitat de no treballar allunyat dels avenços tècnics ni mancar de mecanismes democràtics per organitzar una societat més justa i igualitària. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és demostrar l'existència d'un mètode projectual coherent al llarg de tota l'obra de Marek Leykam, reconstruint retrospectivament els seus patrons, analitzant les implicacions semiòtiques de la seva arquitectura i posant de manifest la seva preocupació per la recerca de solucions als problemes socials en una època marcada per un sentiment col·lectiu d'alienació. / Requena Crespo, FV. (2016). Marek Leykam. Hacia una arquitectura de resistencia [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62190

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

This doctor's thesis called Representatives of New music in Prague at the turn of the fifties and sixties of the 20th century focuses on selected Czech composers, instrumentalists as well as chamber ensembles that composed and performed contemporary music and promoted Czech and foreign compositions of the period avant-garde, or so called New music. The publication is dedicated mainly to three composers: Marek Kopelent, Zbyněk Vostřák and Jan Klusák. The book is divided into 8 chapters. New music and its innovations after World War II, Social situation and musical milieu in Czechoslovakia in the 50th, The Beginning of New music in Prague and in selected specialized ensembles, Media reflections in Czech journals and newspapers, three analyses of Czech compositions from the sixties ? orchestral work Contemplations by Marek Kopelent, String quartet no. 2 by Jan Klusák and Affects by Zbyněk Vostřák and final chapter is called The Legacy of sixtieth. There are also two more appendixes ? the interviews with Jan Klusák and Marek Kopelent ? major living representatives of Czech musical avant-garde.

The theoretical section of the thesis Comparison of the misanthropic Show Jana Krause and the philanthropic Mark Eben's show Na plovárně aims to characterize the talk show genre both abroad and in the Czech Republic. It briefly outlines the development of the genre and its arrival in the Czech television stations. It also gives a definition of a presenter, describes the ways of communication, construction of the interviews with the guests, their selection, introduces Jan Kraus and Marek Eben and characterises both talk shows - Na Plovárně and Show Jana Krause. The practical section deals with an analysis of production in which interviews with representatives of both production teams are analysed. A qualitative analysis aims to answer the question: "How do the philanthropic and misanthropic concepts of the talk show differ, from the perspective of content and production intentions?" The conclusion contains a summary of the collected data.

Le virus de la maladie de Marek (MDV) est un alpha-herpesvirus responsable de lymphomes T mortels chez la poule. La peau et en particulier le follicule plumeux est considéré comme le seul site de production de particules virales extracellulaires et est à l'origine de la dissémination horizontale du virus et de la contamination de l'environnement. Cependant, aucun système cellulaire ne permet de reproduire ce qui se passe dans ce tissu. Le but de ma thèse a donc été de développer de nouveaux systèmes de culture permettant de reproduire la réplication, la morphogenèse et l’excrétion décrites in vivo. Pour cela, j’ai développé deux systèmes, des explants de peau d’embryons de poulet cultivés ex vivo et des kératinocytes obtenus par différenciation de cellules souches embryonnaires de poule. J’ai également montré la permissivité au MDV de ces deux modèles de peau puis y ai étudié la réplication et la morphogénèse virale. Ces modèles permettront la recherche des déterminants viraux et cellulaires impliqués dans la production de virions extracellulaires et leur dissémination. / Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious virus-induced lymphoma in chicken, caused by an alphaherpesvirus named Marek’s disease virus (MDV). The skin and especially, the feather follicle is the only tissue known to produce infectious cell-free virions and is responsible for the shedding of MDV into the environment and transmission between birds. However, no cell culture system actually reproduces this process ex vivo. Herein my thesis aim was to develop new culture systems to reproduce the efficient MDV replication, morphogenesis and shedding from the feather follicle. For that, I developed two systems, skin explants derived from embryos cultivated ex vivo and keratinocytes obtained by differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells. I also showed that these two models were permissive to MDV infection and I studied in each one MDV replication and morphogenesis. These models will allow the search of viral and cellular determinants involved in the production of extracellular virions and shedding.

Le virus de la maladie de Marek (MDV) est un virus oncogène responsable des lymphomes T chez les poulets. L´infection par ce virus est divisée en une phase lytique dépendante de l´expression du gène très précoce ICP4 et une phase latente, caractérisée par l´expression de l’ARN long non codant LAT localisé en antisens. Nous avons montré que l’expression différentielle des miARN du cluster mdv1-miR-M8-M10 était directement corrélée à l’épissage alternatif de l’intron 1 du LAT et plus particulièrement à la biogenèse par le splicéosome du premier mirtron viral. La présence du mirtron mdv1-miR-M6 au milieu du cluster est associée à une cinétique d’expression des miARN. En parallèle, nous avons identifié deux promoteurs alternatifs de type Sp1, quatre signaux poly-A et trois exons associés à la régulation de la transcription du transcrit ICP4. Nous avons prédits cinq isoformes potentielles pour la protéine ICP4 et avons pu observer par immunodétection que la protéine était exprimée principalement dans le cytoplasme des cellules infectées en phase lytique ou de réactivation. / The Marek disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus responsible of T-cell lymphoma in chicken. MDV infections are divided into a lytic phase, depending on the expression of immediate early gene like ICP4, and a latent phase characterized by the expression of the long non-coding RNA LAT localized in antisense. In this study, we have shown the differential expression of the cluster of miRNA mdv1-miR-M8-M10 was directly correlated with the alternative splicing of LAT’s intron 1 and more specifically with the first viral mirtron biogenesis by the spliceosome. The location of the mirtron mdv1-miR-M6 inside of the cluster is associated with a two-step biogenesis of the miARN of the cluster. On the other hand, we have identified a dual promoter that responded to Sp1, four poly-A signals and three exons that are responsible of transcriptional regulation of ICP4 transcript. We also have predicted five potential isoproteines for ICP4 and were able to observe by immunodetection that ICP4 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of infected cells during the lytic phase or the reactivation one.

ONDRA, Michal. Exorcism in Mark 5:1-20 and evil spirits in Jewish traditions The goal of this master thesis is to introduce the readers to Jewish demonology, how it evolved, what influenced it, and how it was reflected in the works on the evangelists when they wrote down the stories of Jesus' confrontations with the forces of darkness. At first you will be introduced to the term "demon", which is followed by an excursion into the Hellenistic culture, the period of the Old and the New Testament and, of course, into the intertestamental literature. It is specifically the intertestamental literature which is the most relevant, since it is a very rich collection of works many of which contain references to demonology and angelology. In the second half of this thesis you will find an analysis of Mark's fifth chapter (Mk 5:1-20), which is subsequently compared to similar stories found in the gospel of Luke and Matthew. The final chapter of this thesis shortly reflects the influence of the Jewish tradition on the demonology of Mark's gospel.

We have been examinining the image of Ostrava on prose of six authors after 1989. Our aim was to find the function of such space in narrative - it can only play role of a scenery (Slawińsky term), sometimes more functions are added, which empasizes the importance of region in literature according to Urbanová: each region can become a theme or be transposed into author ́s aesthetic sense, influence creative method and become an inspiration in various ways. We have also evaluated how much the protagonists identify themselves with the urban space of Ostrava. This has been based on phenomenological approach of Norberg- Schultz Genius loci. In conclusion we have tried to summarize which themes regarding Ostrava become common for examined authors, whether they create a coherent literary utterance about Ostrava, which has similarities with Todorov ́s petersburg text of russian literature.