Organizational innovation has been of central interest in recent years because of its importance for organizational survival and competitive advantage. Researchers in the field have divided the innovation process into stages in an attempt to understand the innovation process and the factors that affect it. However, empirical studies that examine the relationship between the stages are scarce. In addition, although business strategy is emphasized as an important factor in the innovation process, little is known about its role in the innovation process and its effect on the stages. This research provides empirical support for the relationship between the stages of the innovation process and the moderating effect of organizational strategy on the relationship between the stages within the two stage model of innovation. In this study, a direct, positive relationship is proposed between the innovation generation (first stage) and innovation outcome (second stage) stages of the innovation process. Dimensions of innovation outcome that are examined include innovation type (product innovation and process innovation), innovation radicalness and innovation frequency. Low cost, differentiation and market orientation strategies are proposed to be moderators on the relationship between the stages. To test the proposed relationships, a survey was mailed to executives who are involved in the innovation process in organizations where innovation is expected to be common and they were asked to complete the questionnaire. Hierarchical regression was the primary data analysis method and General Linear Model was applied as the pot-hoc data analysis method. Results of the primary data analyses provided support for the direct, positive relationship between the innovation generation and innovation outcome stages of the innovation process. Specifically, there was a direct, positive relationship between innovation generation and product innovation, process innovation, innovation frequency and innovation radicalness. Result of the primary data analysis provided support for the moderating effect of strategy (market orientation and differentiation) on the relationship between innovation generation and only innovation frequency dimension of innovation outcome. Post-hoc analysis suggested a significant moderating effect of strategy (market orientation and differentiation) on the relationship between innovation generation and innovation radicalness dimension of innovation outcome. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

Supply chain management (SCM) is an area that offers organizations significant opportunities for both cost reductions and revenue enhancement. In their article, "Supply Chain Management: Implementation Issues and Research Opportunities," Lambert, Cooper and Pagh defined SCM as the "integration of key business processes from end user through original suppliers that provides products, services, and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders." Adopting and implementing appropriate technology has emerged as a source of competitive advantage for supply chain member firms through the integration of business processes with suppliers and customers. It is important to understand the factors influencing an organization's decision to acquire such technology. In the context of this study, connective technologies are defined as wireless communication devices and their accompanying infrastructure and software which may enhance coordination among supply chain partners. Building on previous literature in the areas of supply chain management, marketing strategy, and organizational innovation, a model was developed to test the relationships between organizational, interorganizational, and technology-related factors and the adoption of advanced connective technology, using radio frequency identification (RFID) as the test case, in the supply chain. A Web-based survey of supply chain professionals was conducted resulting in 224 usable responses. The overall model was statistically significant with four of the predictors significantly influencing the adoption of RFID in the supply chain. Size, centralization, new product advantage and time to achieve targeted ROI were significantly related to adoption of connective technology (RFID). Interorganizational related factors were not significant predictors of connective technology adoption. The study contributes to theory by testing scales from marketing and management in a supply chain context in order to better understand behavioral dimensions of supply chain management and logistics. The conceptualization and measurement of market orientation at the interfirm level advances the market orientation literature. Finally, the study contributes to the technology adoption literature by considering organizational-related, interorganizational-related, and technology-related factors that influence adoption of connective technology in the supply chain.

As microempresas são consideradas uma importante parte de um sistema econômico. Sua importância está centrada em sua diversificação de atuação, relacionada ao comércio, serviço e à indústria, formando um sistema de amortecimento das variações econômicas de uma nação. Sua importância em números de empresas em funcionamento e no número de funcionários é fundamental para a economia. A capacidade absortiva pode ser entendida como a capacidade de uma empresa em extrair conhecimento a partir do ambiente externo; reconhecer o valor da informação externa, assimilá-la e aplicá-la para fins comerciais, para aumentar/desenvolver a inovação. (COHEN; LEVINTHAL, 1990). Já a orientação para o mercado é descrita por Narver e Slater (1990) como um construto formado por três componentes comportamentais: orientação para o cliente, orientação para os concorrentes e coordenação interfuncional, bem como foco no longo prazo e na lucratividade, denominadas como critérios de decisão. Este trabalho buscou analisar a relação destes dois construtos com o desempenho das microempresas localizadas no Corede Serra do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de 295 microempresas. Os resultados indicam que há uma correlação significativa entre a capacidade absortiva, a orientação para o mercado e o desempenho das empresas estudadas. As correlações apresentadas foram significativas em nível da significância (p<0,01), mesmo sendo baixas a moderadas, com valores em torno do 0,4, representou que há uma relação percebida entre capacidade absortiva, orientação para o mercado e desempenho nas microempresas. / Microenterprises are regarded as an important part of an economic system. Their importance is centered on their action diversification, which is related to trade, services and industry, thus forming a buffering system for the economic variations of a nation. Their importance in terms of both number of operating companies and number of employees is fundamental to the economy. The absorptive capacity can be understood as a company’s ability to extract knowledge from the external environment, recognize the value of external information, assimilate it and apply it to commercial purposes in order to increase/develop innovation (COHEN; LEVINTHAL, 1990). Market orientation, in turn, was described by Narver and Slater (1990) as a construct comprising three behavioral components: customer orientation, competitor orientation and interfunctional coordination, with a focus on long-term and profitability, which have been denominated as decision criteria. This paper aimed at analyzing the relationship of these two constructs with the performance of microenterprises located in Corede Serra in Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 295 microenterprises. The results evidenced a significant correlation between absorptive capacity, market orientation and performance of the companies under study. The correlations presented were significant at the significance level (p<0.01). Despite being low to moderate, with values around 0.4, they evidenced a perceived relationship between absorptive capacity, market orientation and performance in micro-enterprises.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-16T19:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Ramos Cassia.pdf: 1425509 bytes, checksum: 75a7012c255d8829b4750874e8d7b9c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T19:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Ramos Cassia.pdf: 1425509 bytes, checksum: 75a7012c255d8829b4750874e8d7b9c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / This study involves the analysis of the impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability, considering the influence of technological turbulence on this impact and the effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The literature that addresses this topic has focused on studies of direct relationships and simple moderation analysis, leaving gap of studies addressing the effects of double moderation, enabling new approaches on the relationship between the variables that affect the innovative ability of companies. The research, quantitative, considered a sample of 244 completed cases and used statistical techniques of multivariate analysis, including factor analysis and linear regression in 5 statistical models as support for the hypothesis tests. The results show the positive impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability, the positive influence of technological turbulence on this impact and the negative effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The main study of the contribution relates to the identification of a combined effect of technological turbulence and proactive market orientation on the impact of dynamic capabilities in innovative capability. This positive impact is amplified by the influence of technological turbulence and mitigated the negative effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The technological turbulence influences the expansion of dynamic capabilities out, what contributes to the rise of innovativa capability. However, proactive market orientation acts on this influence, softening the force with which the technological turbulence drives the impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability. This study may contribute to improving the management of innovation in companies operating in the manufacturing industry by providing subsidies to improve responsiveness in the face of technological changes occurring in the business environment. / O objetivo deste estudo envolve a análise do impacto das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa, considerando a influência da turbulência tecnológica sobre este impacto e o efeito da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A literatura que aborda este tema tem se concentrado nos estudos de relações diretas e na análise de moderação simples, restando lacuna de estudos que abordem os efeitos de moderação dupla, que permitam novas abordagens sobre as relações entre as variáveis que afetam a capacidade inovativa das empresas. A pesquisa realizada, de natureza quantitativa, considerou uma amostra com 244 casos completos e utilizou técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada, incluindo análise fatorial e regressão linear, em 5 modelos estatísticos, como suporte para os testes das hipóteses. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam o impacto positivo das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa, a influência positiva da turbulência tecnológica sobre este impacto e o efeito negativo da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A principal contribuição do estudo refere-se à identificação de um efeito combinado entre a turbulência tecnológica e a orientação proativa para o mercado sobre o impacto das capacidades dinâmicas na capacidade inovativa. Este impacto positivo é amplificado pela influência da turbulência tecnológica e atenuado pelo efeito negativo da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A turbulência tecnológica influencia a expansão das capacidades dinâmicas, oque contribui para a elevação da capacidade inovativa. No entanto, a orientação proativa para o mercado atua sobre esta influência, amenizando a força com que a turbulência tecnológica impulsiona o impacto das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa. Este estudo pode contribuir para a melhoria da gestão da inovação nas empresas que atuam na indústria de transformação, fornecendo subsídios para o aprimoramento da capacidade de resposta em face das mudanças tecnológicas que ocorrem no ambiente de negócios.

[EN] Nowadays, universities are finding they have more and more competition regarding postgraduate programs. As educational institutions increase the offer, the need for them to improve their knowledge about the postgraduate market becomes more evident due to the lack of existing research and scarce literature about the topic. All this will help the educational institutions to develop suitable competitive strategies in order to attract postgraduate students' talent, thus distinguishing the institutions from the competition. This proactive orientation towards the market wills, like in many other markets, end up confiding in those programs which have successful marketing and allow for innovation and differentiation. At the same time, many authors relate this proactive orientation towards the market to co-creation. More specifically in the education sector, co-creation has been researched very little and has always been focused on the undergraduate student, not postgraduate. Lastly, the consequences of the postgraduate students' participation in these co-creation processes concerning satisfaction and loyalty is something that has not been studied either. This first quantitative study has led to a validation of the proposed model which allows us to affirm that, independent of the results obtained in the co-creation process, the student involvement in it, will result in greater satisfaction and loyalty towards the institution. For this reason co-creation can help the educational institutions to develop competitive differentiating strategies which will generate not only a greater satisfaction for the student but also the possibility of achieving differentiation thanks to the resulting innovation. After this first quantitative study, a second study was carried out in a Business to Business context by sending a professional from the company to the educational institution. In this study an attempt was made to measure the consequences of co-creation in student satisfaction, strength of the relation and student loyalty. This new structural equation model (SEM) has more variables and relations than the former one, introducing the strength of the relation. In addition, the study is centered on adult students who in this case are professionals sent by their companies to study a master program, Business to Business as opposed to Business to Consumer from the former study. The conclusions of the study are that the co-creation where the adult student participates in the process takes them to higher levels of satisfaction and greater loyalty towards the educational institution. At the same time, our research shows that the strength of the relation is positively influenced by the process of creation of value. In this case, the research has only validated part of the model. Therefore, this last part of our research again reaffirms the idea that co-creation can be a beneficial tool for universities in order to develop competitive strategies which generate more value for their clients and which also makes it difficult for the competition to imitate. Finally it should be pointed out that the results of this research facilitate the implementation of a co-creation process between universities and postgraduate students as well as the possible areas of its application within the purchase process and choosing a master program. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that independent of the results of this process, co-creation itself leads to higher rates of satisfaction, an improvement in the strength of the relation and more student loyalty towards the institution. / [ES] En la actualidad, las universidades se encuentran con una competencia cada vez mayor en lo que se refiere a sus programas de posgrado. A la vez que se incrementa la oferta por parte de las instituciones educativas, impera la necesidad por parte de las universidades de mejorar su conocimiento sobre el mercado de posgrado, debido a la falta de investigación existente con una literatura sobre marketing escasa. Todo ello, ayudará a las instituciones educativas a desarrollar estrategias competitivas adecuadas para lograr atraer el talento de los estudiantes de posgrado diferenciándose de la competencia. Esta orientación proactiva el mercado, pasará, como en otros muchos mercados, por apostar por políticas de marketing de éxito, que permitan en un sentido o en otro, innovar y diferenciarse. Al mismo tiempo, son muchos los autores que relacionan esa orientación proactiva al mercado, con la co-creation. En el caso específico del sector educativo, la co-creation se ha estudiado poco y siempre desde una perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, no de posgrado. Por último, las consecuencias en el alumno de posgrado de participar en estos procesos de co-creation desde el punto de vista de los efectos en su satisfacción y lealtad, es algo que tampoco se ha estudiado. Este primer estudio cuantitativo ha supuesto una validación del modelo propuesto, por lo que se puede afirmar, que con independencia de los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de co-creation, el propio proceso de involucración del alumno en ello, redundará en una mayor satisfacción y lealtad hacia la institución. Por todo ello, la co-creation puede facilitar que las instituciones educativas desarrollen estrategias competitivas diferenciadoras que generarán tanto una mayor satisfacción para el estudiante como la posibilidad de lograr diferenciación gracias la innovación que surja del mismo. Con posterioridad a este primer estudio cuantitativo, se realiza un segundo estudio si bien desde un contexto Business to Business al pretender medir las consecuencias de la co-creation en la satisfacción, fortaleza de la relación y lealtad del estudiante, en este caso profesional enviado por la empresa, hacia la institución educativa. Este nuevo modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) es más amplio en variables y relaciones que el anterior, introduciendo la fortaleza de la relación. Además se centra en estudiantes adultos que en este caso son profesionales enviados por sus empresas a realizar el programa master, vertiente Business to Business frente a Business to Consumer del anterior Las conclusiones del estudio son que la co-creation donde el estudiante adulto participa en el proceso, lleva a niveles más altos de satisfacción y a una mayor lealtad hacia la institución educativa. Al mismo tiempo, nuestra investigación muestra, que la fortaleza en la relación, está influenciada positivamente por este proceso de creación de valor si bien no media entre la co-creation y la lealtad. En este caso, la investigación sólo ha validado parte del modelo. Así, esta parte última de nuestra investigación vuelve a ser una reafirmación de la idea de que la co-creation puede ser, en sí misma, una herramienta beneficiosa para las universidades para desarrollar estrategias competitivas que generen más valor para sus clientes y que también sea difícil de imitar por la competencia Finalmente señalar que los resultados de este trabajo facilitan la implementación de un proceso de co-creation entre universidades y estudiante de posgrado así como las posibles áreas de aplicación de la misma dentro del proceso de compra y elección de un programa master. Por otra parte, también se ha demostrado, que con independencia de los resultados de este proceso, la co-creación en si misma resulta en mayores tasas de satisfacción, mejora en la fortaleza en la relación y mayor lealtad hacia la institución por parte del alumno. / [CAT] Actualment, les universitats es troben amb una competència cada vegada més gran pel que fa als seus programes de postgrau. Alhora que s'incrementa l'oferta per part de les institucions educatives, impera la necessitat per part de les universitats de millorar el seu coneixement sobre el mercat de postgrau, a causa de la falta d'investigació existent amb una literatura sobre màrqueting escassa. Tot això, ajudarà a les institucions educatives a desenvolupar estratègies competitives adequades per aconseguir atreure el talent dels estudiants de postgrau diferenciant-se de la competència. Aquesta orientació proactiva el mercat, passarà, com en molts altres mercats, per apostar per polítiques de màrqueting de éxitoexitosas, que permetin en un sentit o en un altre, innovar i diferenciar-se. Alhora, són molts els autors que relacionen aquesta orientació proactiva al mercat, amb la co-creation. En el cas específic del sector educatiu, la co-creation s'ha estudiat poc i sempre des d'una perspectiva d'estudiants universitaris, no de postgrau. Finalment, les conseqüències en l'alumne de postgrau de participar en aquests processos de co-creation des del punt de vista dels efectes en la seva satisfacció i lleialtat, és una cosa que tampoc s'ha estudiat. Aquest primer estudi quantitatiu ha suposat una validació del model proposat, de manera que es pot afirmar, que amb independència dels resultats obtinguts en el procés de co-creation, el mateix procés d'involucració de l'alumne en això, redundarà en una major satisfacció i lleialtat cap a la institució. Per tot això, la co-creation pot facilitar que les institucions educatives desenvolupin estratègies competitives diferenciadores que generaran tant una major satisfacció per a l'estudiant com la possibilitat d'aconseguir diferenciació gràcies la innovació que sorgeixi de ell mateix. Amb posterioritat a aquest primer estudi quantitatiu, es realitza un segon estudi si bé des d'un context Business to Business en pretendre mesurar les conseqüències de la co-creation a la satisfacció, fortalesa de la relació i lleialtat de l'estudiant, en aquest cas professional enviat per l'empresa, cap a la institució educativa. Aquest nou model d'equacions estructurals (SEM) és més ampli en variables i relacions que l'anterior, introduint la fortalesa de la relació. A més se centra en estudiants adults que en aquest cas són professionals enviats per les seves empreses a realitzar el programa màster, vessant Business to Business davant Business to Consumer l'anterior Les conclusions de l'estudi són que la co-creation on l'estudiant adult participa en el procés, porta a nivells més alts de satisfacció ia una major lleialtat cap a la institució educativa. Alhora, la nostra investigació mostra, que la fortalesa en la relació, està influenciada positivament per aquest procés de creació de valor si bé no hi ha entre la co-creation i la lleialtat. En aquest cas, la investigació només ha validat part del model. Així, aquesta part última de la nostra recerca torna a ser una reafirmació de la idea que la co-creation pot ser, en si mateixes, una eina beneficiosa per a les universitats per desenvolupar estratègies competitives que generin més valor per als seus clients i que també sigui difícil d'imitar per la competència Finalment assenyalar que els resultats d'aquest treball faciliten la implementació d'un procés de co-creation entre universitats i estudiant de postgrau així com les possibles àrees d'aplicació de la mateixa dins del procés de compra i elecció d'un programa màster. D'altra banda, també s'ha demostrat, que amb independència dels resultats d'aquest procés, la co-creació en si mateixa resulta en majors taxes de satisfacció, millora en la fortalesa en la relació i major lleialtat cap a la institució per part de l'alumne . / Peralt Rillo, A. (2015). Co-creation innovation for business programs for educational institutions [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/51462 / TESIS

[EN] The main purpose of this thesis consisted on trying to establish the existing relationships between social entrepreneurship, market orientation, crowdsourcing, and organizational performance. One of the main reasons that led to undertake this research on these relationships is referred to the extant interest on the effect of the information technologies (IT) related to market orientation and organizational management as part of a quest for a better organizational performance by the companies that adopt them. One of the organizational phenomena where market orientation and innovation have been exhibited has been through social entrepreneurship, which applies many elements that are common to entrepreneurship but which, unlike traditional entrepreneurship, has fundamentally social objectives. With regards to them and especially due to limitations (mainly financial ones), social entrepreneurs have refined their ingenuity with regards to financing and operation modes, having been found that social entrepreneurship generates value in several dimensions, from a personal level up to a general social level. On the other hand, it was found that crowdsourcing as an IT use intensive activity is turning into a form of value generation for companies as well as for the individuals that carry out work. For the first ones, because it allows them to achieve solutions to corporate and innovation (including R&D) problems at lower cost (and higher speed), and for the second ones, because it allows them to be part of a challenging and fulfilling (not only on a financial level) labor market, which allows them to exploit their specific skills. As the research process was carried out, a relevant theory study and research, as well as literature review, has been undertaken with respect to: social entrepreneurship, crowdsourcing and market orientation. Based on the theoretical foundation that was studied, hypothesis about the theoretical relationships have been formulated and the theoretical model was enunciated, which were later empirically verified in order to prove the formulated hypothesis as well as (consequently) the theoretical model. In order to undertake the empirical work, companies in the biotech and telecommunications sectors have been selected, based on both sectors' economic importance, as well as the IT adoption intensity in both. The study was carried on 223 companies among both sectors and the structural equations technique was used to prove the hypotheses, as well as to prove the model, finding that the results allowed to prove right the proposed hypothesis and model, having found that the results permitted proving right both the proposed hypothesis and the model. In the final part of this work, conclusions about the thesis' components were formulated, research limitations were outlined, finishing with future research lines proposal. / [ES] RESUMEN El principal propósito de esta tesis consistió en tratar de establecer las relaciones existentes entre el emprendimiento social, la orientación al mercado, el crowdsourcing y el desempeño organizativo. Una de las principales razones que llevó a realizar la presente investigación sobre estas relaciones se refiere al interés existente por el efecto de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) con relación la orientación al mercado y la gestión organizacional como parte de la búsqueda de un mejor desempeño organizacional, por parte de las empresas que las adoptan. Uno de los fenómenos organizaciones en los que la orientación al mercado y la innovación se han puesto de manifiesto ha sido el emprendimiento social, mismo que aplica muchos elementos comunes con el emprendedurismo pero que, a diferencia del emprendedurismo tradicional, tiene objetivos fundamentalmente sociales. Al respecto, y debido a las limitaciones (principalmente financieras), los emprendedores sociales han aguzado su ingenio en cuanto a financiación y sus formas de operación, viéndose que el desarrollo del emprendimiento social genera valor en varias dimensiones, desde el nivel personal hasta a nivel social general. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado que el crowdsourcing como actividad intensiva en el uso de las TIC se está constituyendo en una forma de generación de valor tanto para las empresas como para los individuos que realizan el trabajo. Para las primeras, porque les permite lograr soluciones a problemas empresariales y de innovación (incluyendo I+D) a un costo menor (y mayor velocidad) y, para los segundos, porque les permite incorporarse a un mercado de trabajo desafiante y satisfactorio (no solamente a nivel financiero), que les permite explotar sus destrezas particulares. En el proceso de realizar el estudio se ha llevado a cabo un relevamiento de la teoría relevante y una revisión bibliográfica con relación al emprendimiento social, el crowdsourcing y la orientación al mercado. Sobre la base teórica estudiada se formularon las hipótesis con respecto a las relaciones teóricas entre las variables y se enunció el modelo teórico, que luego se procedió a verificar de forma empírica para comprobar las hipótesis planteadas, así como (en consecuencia) el modelo teórico. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo empírico, se ha seleccionado a las empresas de los sectores de biotecnología y de telecomunicaciones, en base a la importancia económica de ambos sectores, así como la intensidad de la adopción de las TIC en ambos. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre 223 empresas de ambos sectores y se empleó la metodología de ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar las hipótesis, así como para para probar el modelo, encontrando que los resultados permitieron demostrar las hipótesis y el modelo planteados. En la parte final del trabajo, se procedió a formular conclusiones con relación a los componentes de la tesis, se plantearon las limitaciones de la investigación, concluyendo con la proposición de futuras líneas de investigación. / [CAT] El principal propòsit d'esta tesi va consistir a tractar d'establir les relacions existents entre l'emprendimiento social, l'orientació al mercat, el crowdsourcing i l'exercici organitzatiu. Una de les principals raons que va portar a realitzar la present investigació sobre estes relacions es referix a l'interés existent per l'efecte de les tecnologies de la informació (TI) amb relació l'orientació al mercat i la gestió organitzacional com a part de la busca d'un millor exercici organitzacional, per part de les empreses que les adopten. Un dels fenòmens organitzacions en què l'orientació al mercat i la innovació s'han posat de manifest ha sigut l'emprendimiento social, mateix que aplica molts elements comuns amb l'emprendimiento però que, a diferència de l'emprendimiento tradicional, té objectius fonamentalment socials. Respecte d'això, i a causa de les limitacions (principalment financeres), els emprenedors socials han agusat el seu enginy quant a finançament i les seues formes d'operació, veient-se que el desenrotllament de l'emprendimiento social genera valor en diverses dimensions, des del nivell personal fins a nivell social general. D'altra banda, s'ha trobat que el crowdsourcing com a activitat intensiva en l'ús de les TIC s'està constituint en una forma de generació de valor tant per a les empreses com per als individus que realitzen el treball. Per a les primeres, perquè els permet aconseguir solucions a problemes empresarials i d'innovació (incloent I+D) a un cost menor (i major velocitat) i, per als segons, perquè els permet incorporar-se a un mercat de treball desafiador i satisfactori (no sols a nivell financer), que els permet explotar les seues destreses particulars. En el procés de realitzar l'estudi s'ha dut a terme un relevamiento de la teoria rellevant i una revisió bibliogràfica amb relació a l'emprendimiento social, el crowdsourcing i l'orientació al mercat. Sobre la base teòrica estudiada es van formular les hipòtesis respecte a les relacions teòriques entre les variables i es va enunciar el model teòric, que després es va procedir a verificar de forma empírica per a comprovar les hipòtesis plantejades, així com (en conseqüència) el model teòric. Per a dur a terme el treball empíric, s'ha seleccionat a les empreses dels sectors de biotecnologia i de telecomunicacions, basant-se en la importància econòmica d'ambdós sectors, així com la intensitat de l'adopció de les TIC en ambdós. L'estudi es va dur a terme sobre 223 empreses d'ambdós sectors i es va emprar la metodologia d'equacions estructurals per a comprovar les hipòtesis, així com para per a provar el model, trobant que els resultats van permetre demostrar les hipòtesis i el model plantejats. En la part final del treball, es va procedir a formular conclusions amb relació als components de la tesi, es van plantejar les limitacions de la investigació, concloent amb la proposició de futures línies d'investigació. / Barrientos Ferrufino, RC. (2016). La orientación de mercado y las nuevas tecnologías de la información en las empresas intensivas en conocimiento [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62222 / TESIS

The master thesis deals with the problem of companies market orientation research and resolves the relation between the measure of market orientation and companies culture. Obtained information and companies position in specified field is evaluated in accordance with established objectives.

Research Question: What is the strategic orientation that community banks in Sweden adopt? What are the Gen Z preferences concerning these strategic orientations? Purpose: By using two different methodological approaches, the objective of this study is to answer two questions concerning the organization’s strategic orientation. Essentially, the authors have conducted a qualitative study to explore the strategic orientation which community banks in Sweden adopt. Additionally, a quantitative survey has been carried out to surface the generation Z's preferences on the question of strategic orientation. Method: The research methodology steering this thesis will be conducted using the research onion model. This implies that the methodology will be divided into layers including, the research approaches, the research strategy, the research choice, the time horizon of the study, as well as the techniques and procedures concerning the data collection and data analysis. Eventually, the authors discuss the quality criteria by referring to the interview’s credibility, confirmability, transferability, dependability, and the survey’s reliability and validity and applicability. Conclusion: The findings derived from an interview with the three managers have shown that community banks in Sweden adopt brand orientation, whereas the empirical findings have revealed that generation Z has hybrid orientation, meaning that generation preferences are located in the middle ground between the brand orientation and market orientation.

ElectriCITY, a citizenship-driven economic association aims at making Hammarby Sjöstad the most climate-friendly district in Sweden. Their next step is to integrate urban agriculture into the neighborhood. Urban agriculture is, by definition, growing or producing food in a city. It allows, among other things, to increase access to locally grown food for the population nearby and to educate city dwellers on many aspects of agriculture. This project’s goal is to offer a large overview of urban agriculture and its different governance characteristics. In addition to the literature review and to have a better understanding of the relevant stakes of this field, the project was based on six different case studies that introduce various types of urban agriculture governance: SweGreen (Stockholm), Odlande Stadsbasarer (Stockholm), Nature Urbaine (Paris), the WandelGarten (Freiburg), the Tillsammansodling group of Viva (Gothenburg) and Greenhouse (Malmö). The study was built on desk studies, interviews, and two participant observations. It had a focus on the different governance characteristics of the urban agriculture approaches (internal, external, and contextual) based on a distinction between market-oriented projects and non-market-oriented ones. The findings showed similarities between the case studies on different points such as their approaches to sustainability or the need to have external partners and political support. They showed as well the importance to take into account the external and contextual factors for projects to be well-integrated into the urban system.

This case study has researched the internal market orientation (IMO) in relation to a merger and acquisition (M&amp;A) situation. Research within these two areas has been done to a great extent on their own. However, the combination of the two has not been made previously. By combining the areas, it was made possible to evaluate employee satisfaction, and how it was actively attended to, in an organization experiencing an M&amp;A situation. Variables for evaluating the IMO were selected from an existing model, which then was combined with M&amp;A research to create a conceptual framework. This framework was used for analysis and as the basis for the questions for the interviews.  The empirical data showed signs that even though the organization was not actively working according to an IMO mindset, there were signs of IMO in their operations. However, the M&amp;A situation heavily influenced day-to-day tasks and infringed on managers’ ability to prioritize the employees. The research is concluded by the clear signs that actively working with an IMO can have a substantial effect on employee satisfaction and could decrease some of the negative effects that the M&amp;A situation brings.