The use of Internet has revolutionized the way information is exchanged, changed business paradigms and put mission critical and sensitive systems online. Any dis- ruption of this connectivity and the plethora of services provided results in significant damages to everyone involved. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are becoming increas- ingly common and are the cause of lost time and revenue. Flooding type DoS attacks use spoofed IP addresses to disguise the attackers. This makes identification of the attackers extremely difficult. This work proposes a new scheme that allows the victim of a DoS attack to identify the correct origin of the malicious traffic. The suggested mechanism requires routers to mark packets using adjusted probabilistic marking. This results in a lower number of packet-markings required to identify the traffic source. Unlike many related works, we use the existing IPv4 header structure to incorporate these markings. We simulate and test our algorithms using real Internet trace data to show that our technique is fast, and works successfully for a large number of distributed attackers.

<p>The incentive to investigate the origin of meat products and their related consumer atti-tudes have shown to be a serious and debated topic especially after receiving a lot of focus in media. The specific origin discussed in this thesis lies within the suggestion of introducing an EU origin marking or what also can be referred to as “Made in EU” labelling. During the investigation of whether this creates a negative or positive attitude many factors are needed to be considered. The nationalistic feelings that still exist within the member states is one of the major obstacles but also information and consumer awareness concerning what EU stand for. The focus is on Swedish consumers’ perspective and the effects of implementing “Made in EU” are considered solely on the Swedish market.</p><p>The theoretical framework is constructed around the central concept of country of origin (COO) that can be noted as of key relevance when investigating consumer behaviour. An analysis model is also introduced to give a deeper understanding of the connections between findings and the theoretical concepts. The fundamental methodology that was cho-sen in order to investigate these attitudes was found to be through the use of focus groups. These were carried out in combination with a secondary data analysis for the clarification of knowledge concerning the topic.</p><p>What results shown from this study and the connected conclusions can be summarised in a few lines. First, Swedish consumers had generally a negative attitude towards introducing this label. The reason was that the consumers on one hand could not associate the origin as EU at the same time as Swedish consumers prefer to buy Swedish meat which is related to the Swedish model. Secondly, the factors brought forward that were influencing the COO shows what the attitude consist of, for instance stereotypes and perception. Thirdly, this research has managed to bring together new findings, previous COO studies with theoretical concepts and thereby created knowledge about Swedish ethnocentrism and cultural and economical aspects the Swedish consumers use when evaluating meat. Finally, the research method and theoretical concepts can be applied to other areas such as different products or countries.</p>

<p>In everyday life women are exposed to sexist language. Terms and usages that exclude or discriminate women are referred to as sexist language. This takes into account that one presumes that maleness is the standard, the norm, and that femaleness is the non-standard, or the exception. The aim of this paper was to find whether gratuitous modifiers such as <em>girl, lady, female </em>and <em>woman </em>are used more frequently than the male markings and whether <em>girl </em>is used to a wider extent than <em>boy</em> to denote an adult. The aim includes two aspects of sexist language. Firstly, the aspect of calling women <em>girls</em> and men <em>men</em>, called non-parallel treatment. Secondly, the fact that it is more common for unmarked terms to refer to males while when referring to females a marked term is needed. As primary source for the study the Time Corpus was used, which is an online corpus containing over 100 million words and ranges from 1923-2007. The conclusion of this essay was that the female sex is more commonly marked and that <em>woman/women</em> are the most commonly used premodifiers. Gender markings most likely apply to occupations and labels which are thought of as either typically male or female. Furthermore, it was found that <em>girl </em>was used to a wider extent than <em>boy</em> to denote an adult. In addition, the results presented a possible change of trends where <em>girl</em> referred to a child to a larger extent in contemporary English.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1917. / "A private edition distributed by the University of Chicago libraries." "The trade edition is published by Psychological review co., 1917, reprinted from Psychological monographs, vol. XXIV, no. 4, October, 1917." Bibliography: p. 62-63.

Thesis--Boston University. / Vita. Photocopy of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1978. -- 22 cm. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-197).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-112).

This thesis has been performed in cooperation with the companyMeritorHVSABin order to implement amatrix data codes marked on gear kits for reducing potentialhuman errorwhen inputtingthe information inside thecompany's business system. Asustainablemarkingis the basis forproducttraceability to followa product'swayfrom theraw materialto finished product so that they can betracedthroughouttheir life cycle. To investigate thecurrent technology, two different marking andreadingmethods were tested: a laser and dot peen method. It has been found that the dot peen method was more suitable for Meritorto mark thewheel because the markswere clearerand couldbe readbothwith the naked eyeand scanner. Conversely, the contrast of the mark created by the laser method was not as readable as the dotted marks and there has been a larger risk to be mechanically removed because of its thin thickness.As a result, the matrix data code made by dot peen method has been fully implemented on the pinion’sandcrown wheel’s production in Meritor.

This paper presents an analysis of the person marking system in Huaylas Quechua, spoken in the north-central Peruvian Andes, focusing on subject and object agreement, and compares person marking in Huaylas Quechua with that found in other Quechuan languages. The Huaylas Quechua person marking system exhibits both regular and irregular inflectional patterns. Compared to some other varieties, the combination of first and third person subjects and the second person objects are rather irregular in Huaylas Quechua. The irregularities of the patterns in the relation 1S>2O and 3S>2O in Huaylas Quechua, as observed that this asymmetry in person marking system is associated with the person hierarchy, which is 1 > 2 > 3, and is a result of historical stages of development of this language. / text

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