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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Ácaros trombiculídeos (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) de pequenos mamíferos dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná: estudos morfológicos e investigação da presença de Rickettsia / Chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from small mammals of states of São Paulo and Paraná: morphological studies and investigation of the presence of Rickettsia

Jacinavicius, Fernando de Castro 23 February 2015 (has links)
Para o Brasil foram reportadas 53 espécies de ácaros trombiculídeos. Destas, 5 espécies parasitam anfíbios, 6 espécies parasitam aves, 4 espécies parasitam répteis, 25 espécies parasitam roedores, 8 espécies parasitam marsupiais e 12 espécies parasitam outros mamíferos (incluindo humanos). Assim que os primeiros casos de Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) foram diagnosticados em São Paulo nos anos 30, os ácaros hematófagos, como os trombiculídeos, foram sugeridos como potenciais vetores. No entanto, o papel desses ácaros na epidemiologia da riquetsiose não foi confirmado. Dessa forma, a situação fragmentária dos registros de ocorrência dos trombiculídeos, sua complexidade taxonômica e a escassez de informações sobre sua participação na epidemiologia de riquétsias, foram os principais motivos que levaram à proposição do presente estudo. Com isso, os ácaros que estão depositados nas coleções acarológicas do Instituto Butantan (IBSP), do Museu de Zoologia da USP (MZUSP) e da FIOCRUZ (CAVAIS-IOC), foram examinados e identificados. Igualmente, aqueles obtidos de roedores e marsupiais coletados em algumas localidades do estado de São Paulo e Paraná foram também identificados, bem como, investigados para a presença de Rickettsia spp. No total, foram identificadas as espécies Arisocerus hertigi, Eutrombicula sp. n., Kymocta brasiliensis, Quadraseta azulae, Q. brasiliensis, Q. mackenziei, Q. mirandae e Trombewingia bakeri. Além do encontro da nova espécie de Eutrombicula sp. n., foi ainda constatado que E. butantanensis e E. alfreddugesi são espécies distintas. As espécies Q. azulae, Q mackenziei e Q. mirandae, são assinaladas pela primeira vez no país. Com excessão de Q. brasiliensis em M. americana, todos os hospedeiros são novos registros para as espécies de ácaros examinados, bem como todas as localidades são novos registros de ocorrência. Assim, o número de espécies de trombiculídeos no Brasil aumentou para 59. Os ácaros investigados para Rickettia foram também preservados em lâminas, como testemunhos. Entretanto, nos espécimes analisados, a presença da bactéria não foi detectada. / For Brazil were reported 53 species of chigger mites. Of these, 5 species parasitize amphibians, 6 species parasitize birds, 4 species parasitize reptiles, 25 species parasitize rodents, 8 species occur on marsupials, and 12 species parasitize other wild mammals (including humans). In the 30s, as soon as the first cases of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) in São Paulo were diagnosed, the haematophagous mites, such as chiggers, were suggested as potential vectors. However, the role of these mites in the epidemiology of the rickettsiosis was not confirmed. Thus, the fragmentary situation of the records of the chigger mites' occurrence, their taxonomic complexity, and the lack of information about their participation in the BSF epidemiology, were the main reasons that led to the present study proposition. So, the mites deposited in the collections of the Instituto Butantan (IBSP), Museu de Zoologia of USP (MZUSP) and FIOCRUZ (CAVAIS-IOC), were identified. Also, those obtained from rodents and marsupials collected in some localities of the state of São Paulo and Paraná were identified and investigated for the presence of Rickettsia spp. In total, the species Arisocerus hertigi, Eutrombicula n. sp., Kymocta brasiliensis, Quadraseta azulae, Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta mirandae, and Trombewingia bakeri, were identified. Besides of the new specie of Eutrombicula sp. n., the mites E. alfreddugesi and E. butantanensis were found to be distinct species. The species Q. azulae, Q. mackenziei, and Q. mirandae, are highlighted for the first time in the country. Except for Q. brasiliensis in M. americana, all other hosts are new records for the species of examined mites, as well as all locaties are also new occurences. Thus, the number of chigger mite species in Brazil increased to 59. The mites investigated to Rickettsia were also preserved in slides, as voucher. However, in the analyzed specimens, the bacteria could not be detected.
42

Diversidade, isolamento e filogenia de parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma em vertebrados silvestres da ilha pluvial e Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais / Diversity isolation and phylogeny of the genus Trypanosoma parasites in wild vertebrates of island rain and Pirapitinga Ecological Station, Minas Gerais

Ferreira, Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva 29 June 2015 (has links)
As espécies do gênero Trypanosoma parasitam vertebrados de todas as classes (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos) e possuem ciclos de vida com alternância entre vertebrados e invertebrados. A maioria das espécies se desenvolve em artrópodes hematófagos, que podem pertencer a diversas ordens e famílias. A maioria das espécies não é patogênica, T. cruzi é a única espécie patogênica para o homem nas Américas. Estudos realizados com algumas espécies de tripanossomas apontam uma grande complexidade do ciclo silvestre. Ressalta-se o fato que existam poucos trabalhos realizados no estado de Minas Gerais em animais silvestres. Até o momento, poucos estudos avaliaram os pequenos mamíferos terrestres e morcegos como reservatórios silvestres destes parasitas neste estado, com ausência de estudos com outros grupos de vertebrados. O presente projeto tem por objetivo principal, o conhecimento da diversidade de parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma em animais silvestres da ilha pluvial e Estação ecológica de Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais através do isolamento, caracterização molecular e estudos filogenéticos com marcadores tradicionais. Foram realizadas duas campanhas de captura nos meses de outubro de 2013 e março de 2014 totalizando 183 pequenos mamíferos terrestres, de 12 espécies pertencentes, a três diferentes Ordens (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, a espécie mais abundante foi Calomys sp, capturados com pitfalls e Shermann. Foram capturados 57 indivíduos de morcegos, com o auxilio de redes de neblina, de seis diferentes espécies (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), a espécie mais abundante foi Glossophaga soricina. Todos os quirópteros foram negativos para tripanossomatídeos e dentre os pequenos mamíferos somente oito exemplares da espécie Monodelphis domestica foram positivas para o parasita, porém foram estabelecidas nove culturas (um dos animais estava parasitado por duas espécies de tripanossomas). Os isolados de M. domestica foram identificados como T. cruzi e uma nova espécie com morfologia distinta, mas agrupada nas filogenias com SSU rDNA e gGAPDH no Clado Lagartos/ Cobras. Esta nova espécie foi denominada T. gennarii. Os anuros e répteis foram capturados através de busca ativa e foram capturados 14 indivíduos de repteis pertencentes a 6 espécies e 88 indivíduos de anuros pertencentes a 4 espécies. Do total de anuros capturados 7 (7,95%) apresentaram hemocultura positivas e 2 (2,27%) de Leptodactylus latrans foram estabelecidas e criopreservadas com morfologia compatível a parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma. Filogenias baseadas em SSU rDNA segregou os isolados do Cerrado em um novo grupo denominado AN05 e a inclusão destes isolados evidenciaram um outro grupo, AN06 compostos de isolados obtidos de flebotomíneos. / The species of the genus Trypanosoma parasites of all vertebrate classes (Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) and have life cycles alternating between vertebrates and invertebrates. Most species develops in blood-sucking arthropods, which may belong to different orders and families. Most species are not pathogenic, T. cruzi is the only species pathogenic to humans in the Americas. Studies with some species of trypanosomes indicate a great complexity of the sylvatic cycle in biomes. We highlight the fact that there are few studies in the state of Minas Gerais in wild animals. To date, few studies have evaluated small terrestrial mammals and bats as wild reservoirs of these parasites in this state, with no studies with other groups of vertebrates. This project\'s main objective, knowledge of Trypanosoma parasites of the genus diversity in wild animals of the rain Island and Ecological Pirapitinga Station, Minas Gerais through isolation, molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies with traditional markers. Two arrest campaigns were conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 totaling 184 small terrestrial mammals, 12 species belonging to three different Orders (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, the most abundant species was Calomys callosus, captured with pitfalls and Shermann. The bats were captured with mist net and caught 57 individuals from six different species (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), the most abundant species was Glossophaga soricina. All were negative for trypanosomatids bats and small mammals among only eight copies of Monodelphis domestica species were positive for the parasite, but nine cultures were established (one animal was infested by two species of trypanosomes). Isolates of M. domestica were identified T. cruzi and a new species with distinct morphology, but grouped in phylogenies with SSU rDNA and gGAPDH in Clade Lizards/ Snakes. This new species was named T.gennarii. Frogs and reptiles were captured through active search and were captured 14 individuals of reptiles belonging to 6 species of frogs and 88 individuals belonging to four species. Of the total of frogs captured 7 (7,95%) had positive blood culture and 2 (2.27%) of Leptodactylus latrans were established and cryopreserved with morphology compatible with the parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. Phylogenies based on SSU rDNA segregated the Cerrado isolated in a new group called AN05 and the inclusion of these isolates showed another group of compounds AN06 isolates from sand flies.
43

The evolution of semiochemicals in Australian marsupials

Zabaras, Regina, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture January 2003 (has links)
The aim of this project was to study the nature and relative proportion of the volatile components in the sternal-gland secretions obtained from a wide range of Australian marsupials.The results obtained were then used to investigate the evolution of semiochemicals in Australian marsupials by using the current phylogenetic tree as a template.The initial part of the study was dedicated to the investigation of some of the techniques available for the sampling and analysis of gland secretions. Individuals from 8 families within the Marsupialia and 1 family from the Monotremata were sampled over an 18 month period.The obtained results were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis followed by cladistic analysis.In several species the secretion composition was found to be affected by the breeding status of individuals for both genders.Many other factors such as animal-age, hierarchical status, diet,and lifestyle were also observed to affect the secretion composition. Finally, cladistic analysis demonstrated the differences in the levels of divergence at the species, familial and ordinal levels and highlighted secretion components that could be used to differentiate between super families, species and even sexual status of individuals. / Master of Science (Hons)
44

Succession of small mammal communities after fire and reintroduction of the Swamp Antechinus Antechinue Minimus.

Aberton, John G, mikewood@deakin.edu.au January 1996 (has links)
This thesis is involved with changes that have occurred to small mammal populations following a major disturbance in the Anglesea region as a result of the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Fire, with its effects on spatial and temporal heterogeneity, was found to be an important factor in the maintenance of vegetation and small mammal community structure and diversity in the region. Successional changes in vegetation and small mammal communities were described by multivariate analyses, using data collected annually from 22 study sites. The use of factor analysis techniques, in reducing the annual capture data content, enabled long-term changes in the structure of mammal communities to be interpreted. The small mammal communities in the coastal heath and forest vegetation in the Anglesea region show evidence of a general resilience, (the degree and speed of recovery), to disturbance. Two phases of successional response to fire by mammal species have been proposed; a ‘re-establishment’ phase which occurs in the initial 5-6 years post-fire and is accompanied by rapid increase in species’ abundance, and a subsequent ‘maintenance’ phase accompanied by relatively minor changes in abundance. Habitat Suitability Indices were produced relating to these phases. Vertical density measures of understorey shrubs and herb layers showed significant relationships with small mammal species abundance at the study sites. Long term studies following major disturbances are needed to distinguish between short term recovery of plant and animal species and long term changes in these species. Studies extending over a number of years enable a better directional view of changes in small mammal communities than can be determined from . observations made over a short period. As a part of the investigation into temporal change, it was proposed to undertake trial reintroductions of the Swamp antechinus, Ant echinus minimus, a marsupial dasyurid species which was trapped in the area prior to the 1983 fire, but rarely subsequently. Other more commonly observed native small mammal species (e.g. Rattus fuscipes,R. lutreolus, Antechinus stuartii, Sminthopsis leucopus) had re-invaded the proposed reintroduction site after this fire. Failure of A. minimus to re-establish may have been due to spatial separation of the pre-fire populations coupled with the extensive area burnt in 1983, A source population of the species was located about 100km to the west and habitat utilization and interspecific and niche relationships between the species making the small mammal community explored. Discriminant analysis revealed some spatial separation of species within a habitat based on structural vegetation factors rather than floristic factors. Temporal separation of species was observed, asA. minimus were more active than Rattus species during daylight periods. There was evidence of micro-habitat selection by species, and structural vegetation factors were most commonly identified in statistical analyses as contributing towards selection by small mammal species. Following a theoretical modelling study three reintroduction trials were carried out near Anglesea during 1992-94. Individuals were subsequently radio tracked, and habitat relationships between the species in the small mammal community investigated. Although successful breeding of A, minimus occurred during the latter two trials, the subsequent fate of offspring was not determined. Invasive techniques required to adequately monitor young animals were considered potentially too damaging. Telemetry studies indicated a preference of A. minimus for short, wet heath vegetation. Structural vegetation factors were identified as being significant in discriminating between capture locations of species. Small scale and inexpensive trial reintroductions have yielded valuable additional data on this species and may be viewed as a useful tool in the conservation of other small native mammals.
45

Development of a method for the identification of novel viruses in marsupials with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) /

Walia, Charanjiv Singh. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / Bibliography : leaves 116-128.
46

The evolution of semiochemicals in Australian marsupials /

Zabaras, Regina. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003. / "A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours), College of Science, Technology and the Environment, University of Western Sydney ... January, 2003" Bibliography : leaves 142-150.
47

Ácaros trombiculídeos (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) de pequenos mamíferos dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná: estudos morfológicos e investigação da presença de Rickettsia / Chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from small mammals of states of São Paulo and Paraná: morphological studies and investigation of the presence of Rickettsia

Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius 23 February 2015 (has links)
Para o Brasil foram reportadas 53 espécies de ácaros trombiculídeos. Destas, 5 espécies parasitam anfíbios, 6 espécies parasitam aves, 4 espécies parasitam répteis, 25 espécies parasitam roedores, 8 espécies parasitam marsupiais e 12 espécies parasitam outros mamíferos (incluindo humanos). Assim que os primeiros casos de Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) foram diagnosticados em São Paulo nos anos 30, os ácaros hematófagos, como os trombiculídeos, foram sugeridos como potenciais vetores. No entanto, o papel desses ácaros na epidemiologia da riquetsiose não foi confirmado. Dessa forma, a situação fragmentária dos registros de ocorrência dos trombiculídeos, sua complexidade taxonômica e a escassez de informações sobre sua participação na epidemiologia de riquétsias, foram os principais motivos que levaram à proposição do presente estudo. Com isso, os ácaros que estão depositados nas coleções acarológicas do Instituto Butantan (IBSP), do Museu de Zoologia da USP (MZUSP) e da FIOCRUZ (CAVAIS-IOC), foram examinados e identificados. Igualmente, aqueles obtidos de roedores e marsupiais coletados em algumas localidades do estado de São Paulo e Paraná foram também identificados, bem como, investigados para a presença de Rickettsia spp. No total, foram identificadas as espécies Arisocerus hertigi, Eutrombicula sp. n., Kymocta brasiliensis, Quadraseta azulae, Q. brasiliensis, Q. mackenziei, Q. mirandae e Trombewingia bakeri. Além do encontro da nova espécie de Eutrombicula sp. n., foi ainda constatado que E. butantanensis e E. alfreddugesi são espécies distintas. As espécies Q. azulae, Q mackenziei e Q. mirandae, são assinaladas pela primeira vez no país. Com excessão de Q. brasiliensis em M. americana, todos os hospedeiros são novos registros para as espécies de ácaros examinados, bem como todas as localidades são novos registros de ocorrência. Assim, o número de espécies de trombiculídeos no Brasil aumentou para 59. Os ácaros investigados para Rickettia foram também preservados em lâminas, como testemunhos. Entretanto, nos espécimes analisados, a presença da bactéria não foi detectada. / For Brazil were reported 53 species of chigger mites. Of these, 5 species parasitize amphibians, 6 species parasitize birds, 4 species parasitize reptiles, 25 species parasitize rodents, 8 species occur on marsupials, and 12 species parasitize other wild mammals (including humans). In the 30s, as soon as the first cases of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) in São Paulo were diagnosed, the haematophagous mites, such as chiggers, were suggested as potential vectors. However, the role of these mites in the epidemiology of the rickettsiosis was not confirmed. Thus, the fragmentary situation of the records of the chigger mites' occurrence, their taxonomic complexity, and the lack of information about their participation in the BSF epidemiology, were the main reasons that led to the present study proposition. So, the mites deposited in the collections of the Instituto Butantan (IBSP), Museu de Zoologia of USP (MZUSP) and FIOCRUZ (CAVAIS-IOC), were identified. Also, those obtained from rodents and marsupials collected in some localities of the state of São Paulo and Paraná were identified and investigated for the presence of Rickettsia spp. In total, the species Arisocerus hertigi, Eutrombicula n. sp., Kymocta brasiliensis, Quadraseta azulae, Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta mirandae, and Trombewingia bakeri, were identified. Besides of the new specie of Eutrombicula sp. n., the mites E. alfreddugesi and E. butantanensis were found to be distinct species. The species Q. azulae, Q. mackenziei, and Q. mirandae, are highlighted for the first time in the country. Except for Q. brasiliensis in M. americana, all other hosts are new records for the species of examined mites, as well as all locaties are also new occurences. Thus, the number of chigger mite species in Brazil increased to 59. The mites investigated to Rickettsia were also preserved in slides, as voucher. However, in the analyzed specimens, the bacteria could not be detected.
48

Diversidade, isolamento e filogenia de parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma em vertebrados silvestres da ilha pluvial e Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais / Diversity isolation and phylogeny of the genus Trypanosoma parasites in wild vertebrates of island rain and Pirapitinga Ecological Station, Minas Gerais

Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva Ferreira 29 June 2015 (has links)
As espécies do gênero Trypanosoma parasitam vertebrados de todas as classes (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos) e possuem ciclos de vida com alternância entre vertebrados e invertebrados. A maioria das espécies se desenvolve em artrópodes hematófagos, que podem pertencer a diversas ordens e famílias. A maioria das espécies não é patogênica, T. cruzi é a única espécie patogênica para o homem nas Américas. Estudos realizados com algumas espécies de tripanossomas apontam uma grande complexidade do ciclo silvestre. Ressalta-se o fato que existam poucos trabalhos realizados no estado de Minas Gerais em animais silvestres. Até o momento, poucos estudos avaliaram os pequenos mamíferos terrestres e morcegos como reservatórios silvestres destes parasitas neste estado, com ausência de estudos com outros grupos de vertebrados. O presente projeto tem por objetivo principal, o conhecimento da diversidade de parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma em animais silvestres da ilha pluvial e Estação ecológica de Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais através do isolamento, caracterização molecular e estudos filogenéticos com marcadores tradicionais. Foram realizadas duas campanhas de captura nos meses de outubro de 2013 e março de 2014 totalizando 183 pequenos mamíferos terrestres, de 12 espécies pertencentes, a três diferentes Ordens (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, a espécie mais abundante foi Calomys sp, capturados com pitfalls e Shermann. Foram capturados 57 indivíduos de morcegos, com o auxilio de redes de neblina, de seis diferentes espécies (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), a espécie mais abundante foi Glossophaga soricina. Todos os quirópteros foram negativos para tripanossomatídeos e dentre os pequenos mamíferos somente oito exemplares da espécie Monodelphis domestica foram positivas para o parasita, porém foram estabelecidas nove culturas (um dos animais estava parasitado por duas espécies de tripanossomas). Os isolados de M. domestica foram identificados como T. cruzi e uma nova espécie com morfologia distinta, mas agrupada nas filogenias com SSU rDNA e gGAPDH no Clado Lagartos/ Cobras. Esta nova espécie foi denominada T. gennarii. Os anuros e répteis foram capturados através de busca ativa e foram capturados 14 indivíduos de repteis pertencentes a 6 espécies e 88 indivíduos de anuros pertencentes a 4 espécies. Do total de anuros capturados 7 (7,95%) apresentaram hemocultura positivas e 2 (2,27%) de Leptodactylus latrans foram estabelecidas e criopreservadas com morfologia compatível a parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma. Filogenias baseadas em SSU rDNA segregou os isolados do Cerrado em um novo grupo denominado AN05 e a inclusão destes isolados evidenciaram um outro grupo, AN06 compostos de isolados obtidos de flebotomíneos. / The species of the genus Trypanosoma parasites of all vertebrate classes (Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) and have life cycles alternating between vertebrates and invertebrates. Most species develops in blood-sucking arthropods, which may belong to different orders and families. Most species are not pathogenic, T. cruzi is the only species pathogenic to humans in the Americas. Studies with some species of trypanosomes indicate a great complexity of the sylvatic cycle in biomes. We highlight the fact that there are few studies in the state of Minas Gerais in wild animals. To date, few studies have evaluated small terrestrial mammals and bats as wild reservoirs of these parasites in this state, with no studies with other groups of vertebrates. This project\'s main objective, knowledge of Trypanosoma parasites of the genus diversity in wild animals of the rain Island and Ecological Pirapitinga Station, Minas Gerais through isolation, molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies with traditional markers. Two arrest campaigns were conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 totaling 184 small terrestrial mammals, 12 species belonging to three different Orders (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, the most abundant species was Calomys callosus, captured with pitfalls and Shermann. The bats were captured with mist net and caught 57 individuals from six different species (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), the most abundant species was Glossophaga soricina. All were negative for trypanosomatids bats and small mammals among only eight copies of Monodelphis domestica species were positive for the parasite, but nine cultures were established (one animal was infested by two species of trypanosomes). Isolates of M. domestica were identified T. cruzi and a new species with distinct morphology, but grouped in phylogenies with SSU rDNA and gGAPDH in Clade Lizards/ Snakes. This new species was named T.gennarii. Frogs and reptiles were captured through active search and were captured 14 individuals of reptiles belonging to 6 species of frogs and 88 individuals belonging to four species. Of the total of frogs captured 7 (7,95%) had positive blood culture and 2 (2.27%) of Leptodactylus latrans were established and cryopreserved with morphology compatible with the parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. Phylogenies based on SSU rDNA segregated the Cerrado isolated in a new group called AN05 and the inclusion of these isolates showed another group of compounds AN06 isolates from sand flies.
49

Use of silvicultural landscapes by small mammals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil / Uso de paisagens silviculturais por mamíferos de pequeno porte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Vásquez Uribe, Lina Cristina 23 March 2018 (has links)
Studies in agricultural landscapes have shown that anthropogenic environments may be relevant to wildlife species. Given the extent of these areas efficient research methods are needed to assess its ecological value in terms of local diversity, such as the use of biological indicators. The main goal here was to evaluate the possible relationship between the native vegetation biomass and diversity of small mammals in a silvicultural landscape of São Paulo. The study was developed at Fazenda Três Lagoas, which is part of the \"Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade\" (PPBio), at Angatuba municipality, State of São Paulo, and lasted nine months. From May 2015 to March 2016 nine sampling campaigns were carried over a grid of 15 pitfall traps, five in Eucalyptus plantations, five in native vegetation and five in abandoned pastures. In the Chapter 1 the distribution and abundance patterns of small mammals on a silvicultural landcape during the early second cycle of Eucalyptus plantation in Southeastern Brazil was evaluated. A total of 672 individuals from 15 species of the orders Rodentia (9 spp.) and Didelphimorphia (6 spp.) were captured and five new species were detected in the study area in comparison to the first cycle. Although these species are predominantly generalists, there were differences in the abundance of small mammals in the three environments. The presence of native vegetation patches associated with riparian areas and abandoned pastures and the role of small mammals as a food resource for predators on a trophic structure, gives a certain conservation value to silvicultural landscapes in southeastern Brazil. In the Chapter 2 the relationship between landscape metrics and patterns of diversity, distribution and abundance of small mammals in a silvicultural landscape were evaluated. The species richness and family diversity of small mammals have been predominantly determined by the percentage of native vegetation. However, the abundance of small mammals can be determined by an indirect estimate of the native vegetation biomass (i.e., NDVI), which can be considered a 3D landscape metric as it is related to volume. Therefore, to succeed in assessing the value of agricultural landscape, future studies should consider landscape context, as well as the landscape metrics associated with geospatial data analysis and the distinct responses of species. / Estudos em paisagens agrícolas têm mostrado que ambientes antrópicos podem ser relevantes para muitas espécies selvagens. Dada a extensão destas áreas, são necessários métodos eficientes de pesquisa para avaliar seu valor ecológico em termos de diversidade local, tais como o uso de indicadores biológicos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar a possível relação entre a biomassa de vegetação nativa e a diversidade de mamíferos de pequeno porte em uma paisagem silvicultural do estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Três Lagoas, que é parte do Núcleo Angatuba do Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio), no município de Angatuba, Estado de São Paulo e teve a duração de nove meses. De maio de 2015 a março de 2016, foram realizadas campanhas mensais de amostragem em uma grade amostral com 15 conjuntos de armadilhas de interceptação e queda (pitfall), sendo cinco nas plantações de Eucalyptus spp., cinco em vegetação nativa e cinco em pasto abandonado. No Capítulo 1 foram avaliados os padrões de distribuição e abundância de pequenos mamíferos em uma paisagem silvicultural ao início do segundo ciclo de plantações de Eucalyptus no Sudeste do Brasil. Um total de 672 indivíduos de 15 espécies das ordens Rodentia (9 spp.) e Didelphimorphia (6 spp.) foram capturados e cinco novas espécies foram detectadas na área de estudo em relação ao primeiro ciclo. Embora as espécies presentes sejam predominantemente generalistas, houve diferença na abundância de pequenos mamíferos nos três ambientes. A presença de fragmentos de vegetação nativa associados a áreas ripícolas e pasto abandonado e o papel dos pequenos mamíferos como recurso alimentar para predadores em uma estrutura trófica, atribui um valor de conservação às paisagens silviculturais no sudeste do Brasil. No Capítulo 2, o objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre métricas da paisagem e padrões de diversidade, distribuição e abundância de pequenos mamíferos em uma paisagem silvícultural. A riqueza de espécies e a diversidade de famílias dos pequenos mamíferos tem sido predominantemente determinada pela área porcentual de vegetação nativa. No entanto, a abundância de pequenos mamíferos pode ser determinada por uma estimativa indireta da biomassa da vegetação nativa (e.g., NDVI), que pode ser considerada uma métrica de paisagem 3D, pois está relacionada ao volume. Portanto, para ter sucesso na avaliação do valor da paisagem agrícola, os estudos futuros devem considerar o contexto da paisagem, bem como as métricas da paisagem associadas à análise dos dados geoespaciais e as distintas respostas das espécies.
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Ecologia de Phthiraptera, Siphonaptera e Acari (Ixodidae) de pequenos roedores e marsupiais do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. / Ecology of Phthiraptera, Siphonaptera and Acari (Ixodidae) of small rodents and marsupials from Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Amaral, Heloiza Helena de Oliveira Morelli 28 November 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Heloiza Helena de Oliveira Morelli Amaral.pdf: 1392333 bytes, checksum: e9a8a156b5bb7fbc58a31fe201039311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / From October 2005 to October 2007, rodents and marsupials were captured at Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. This research aimed to characterize the vegetation concerning the study area; to check the existence of a correlation between mesoclimate and microclimate in relation to the presence of parasites and hosts; to identify the dynamics of the hosts and parasites population throughout the seasons and verify the stratification of the small rodents and marsupials fauna as well as the ectoparasitarian fauna. Six spaces of capture were highlighted, in different levels of height. Three types of traps were used, Sherman, Tomahowk and Francesinha, with different baits distributed in five transects. A hundred and sixty mammals were captured, 96 specimens of marsupials and 64 of rodents from the following species: Akodon cursor, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Rattus norvergicus, Rattus rattus, Guerlinguetus ingrami, Sphigurus villosus, Didelphis aurita, Marmosops incanus, Micoureus paraguayanus, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Monodelphis americana and Philander frenatus. It was possible to observe that in hotter (July and August) and drier (December, January and February) months, the number of animals captured is much lower. The vegetation present in the collection areas (in the six levels researched) is composed by secondary vegetation in different stages of regeneration. The areas placed in levels 150, 200, 300 and 400 m can be classified as areas at initial and medium stage of regeneration, while, the areas situated in levels 500 and 600 m the classification is of areas at medium to advanced stage of regeneration. The correlation between the environment (relative humidity, temperature and pluviometric index) and the ectoparasites was only significant to the ticks, showing that, the higher the temperature, the higher is the number of ticks. The dominant species is D. aurita (35%). Three hundred and seventy specimens of ectoparasites were collected: 162 fleas, 105 ticks and 103 lice. The parasites found were: Siphonaptera: Adoratopsylla (Adoratopsylla) antiquorum ronnai, Adoratopsylla (Tritopsylla) intermedia intermedia, Polygenis (Polygenis) occidentalis occidentalis, Polygenis (Polygenis) rimatus, Polygenis (Polygenis) steganus, Polygenis (Neopolygenis) atopus, Ctenocephalidae felis felis, Acari (Ixodidae): Amblyomma geayi, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma scutatum, Amblyomma spp., Ixodes amarali, Ixodes auritulus, Ixodes didelphidis, Ixodes loricatus, Ixodes luciae, Ixodes spp., Phthiraptera: Poliplax spinulosa, Hoplopleura sciuricola, Eutrichophilus minor and Eutrichophilus cercolabes. The siphonapterus obtained the highest prevalence coefficient (28,13%) and the highest abundance index (1,01 flea/host). The phthirapters presented the highest mean intensity of parasitism (17,17 lice/host). The correlation between the numbers of rodents captured and the levels was not significant (rs = 0,23, p = 0,6) and for the marsupials the correlation was negative and also not significant (rs = -0,6, p = 0,2). Polygenis (P.) occidentalis occidentalis was found at the highest frequency (20,8%) among the rodents and in relation to the marsupials, Adoratopsylla (T.) intermedia intermedia was the most frequent (77,7%). E. cercolabes presented the highest frequency (91,5%) among lice; among ticks the highest frequency was of Ixodes loricatus. / No per?odo de outubro de 2005 at? outubro de 2007, foram capturados roedores e marsupiais no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a vegeta??o da ?rea de estudo; verificar se existe correla??o entre mesoclima e microclima com rela??o ? presen?a de parasitos e hospedeiros; identificar a din?mica das popula??es de hospedeiros e parasitos ao longo das esta??es do ano e verificar a estratifica??o da fauna de pequenos roedores e marsupiais e da fauna ectoparasit?ria. Foram marcados seis pontos de captura, em diferentes cotas. Utilizou-se tr?s tipos de armadilhas, Sherman. Tomahowk e Francesinha, com diferentes iscas e dispostas em cinco transectos. Capturou-se 160 mam?feros, sendo 96 esp?cimes de marsupiais, das esp?cies: Didelphis aurita, Marmosops incanus, Micoureus paraguayanus, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Monodelphis americana e Philander frenatus, e 64 de roedores, das esp?cies: Akodon cursor, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Rattus norvergicus, Rattus rattus, Guerlinguetus ingrami, Sphigurus villosus,. A vegeta??o presente nas ?reas de coleta (nas seis cotas pesquisadas) ? composta por vegeta??o secund?ria em diferentes est?gios de regenera??o. As ?reas situadas nas cotas 150, 200, 300 e 400 metros podem ser classificadas como ?reas que est?o em est?gio de inicial a m?dio de regenera??o, enquanto, as ?reas situadas nas cotas 500 e 600 metros a classifica??o ? de ?reas em est?gio de m?dio a avan?ado de regenera??o. A correla??o entre o ambiente (umidade relativa do ar, temperatura e ?ndice pluviom?trico) e os ectoparasitas s? foi significativa para os carrapatos, demonstrando que, quanto maior a temperatura, maior ? o n?mero de carrapatos. Observou-se que nos meses de julho e agosto (meses mais secos) e nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro (mais quentes) o n?mero de animais capturados ? muito baixo. A esp?cie dominante ? D. aurita (35%). Coletou-se 370 esp?cimes de ectoparasitas, sendo: 162 pulgas, 105 carrapatos e 103 piolhos. Os parasitos encontrados foram: Siphonaptera: Adoratopsylla (Adoratopsylla) antiquorum ronnai, Adoratopsylla (Tritopsylla) intermedia intermedia, Polygenis (Polygenis) occidentalis occidentalis, Polygenis (Polygenis) rimatus, Polygenis (Polygenis) steganus, Polygenis (Neopolygenis) atopus, Ctenocephalidae felis felis; Acari (Ixodidae): Amblyomma geayi, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma scutatum, Amblyomma spp., Ixodes amarali, Ixodes auritulus, Ixodes didelphidis, Ixodes loricatus, Ixodes luciae, Ixodes spp.; Phthiraptera: Poliplax spinulosa, Hoplopleura sciuricola, Eutrichophilus minor e Eutrichophilus cercolabes. As pulgas obtiveram o maior coeficiente de preval?ncia (28,13%) e o maior ?ndice de abund?ncia (1,01 pulga/hospedeiro). Os piolhos apresentaram a maior intensidade m?dia de parasitismo (17,17 piolhos/hospedeiro). A correla??o entre o n?mero de roedores capturados e as cotas n?o foi significativa (rs = 0,23, p = 0,6) e para os marsupiais a correla??o foi negativa e tamb?m n?o significativa (rs = -0,6, p = 0,2). Polygenis (P.) occidentalis occidentalis foi encontrada com a maior freq??ncia (20,8%) entre os roedores e em rela??o aos marsupiais, Adoratopsylla (T.) intermedia intermedia foi a mais freq?ente (77,7%). E. cercolabes apresentou a maior freq??ncia (91,5%) entre os piolhos; entre os carrapatos a maior freq??ncia foi de Ixodes loricatus.

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