Autonomous features in vehicles is already a big part of the automobile area and now many companies are looking for ways to make vehicles fully autonomous. Autonomous vehicles need to get information about the surrounding environment. The information is extracted from exteroceptive sensors and today vehicles often use laser scanners for this purpose. Laser scanners are very expensive and fragile, it is therefore interesting to investigate if cheaper radar sensors could be used. One big challenge when it comes to autonomous vehicles is to be able to use the exteroceptive sensors and extract a position of the vehicle and at the same time get a map of the environment. The area of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a well explored area when using laser scanners but is not that well explored when using radars. It has been investigated if it is possible to use radar sensors on a truck to create a map of the area where the truck drives. The truck has been equipped with ego-motion sensors and radars and the data from them has been fused together to get a position of the truck and to get a map of the surrounding environment, i.e. a SLAM algorithm has been implemented. The map is represented by an Occupancy Grid Map (OGM) which should only consist of static objects. The OGM is updated probabilistically by using a binary Bayes filter. To localize the truck with help of motion sensors an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used together with a map and a scan match method. All these methods are put together to create a SLAM algorithm. A range rate filter method is used to filter out noise and non-static measurements from the radar. The results of this thesis show that it is possible to use radar sensors to create a map of a truck's surroundings. The quality of the map is considered to be good and details such as space between parked trucks, signs and light posts can be distinguished. It has also been proven that methods with low performance on their own can together with other methods work very well in the SLAM algorithm. Overall the SLAM algorithm works well but when driving in unexplored areas with a low number of objects problems with positioning might occur. A real time system has also been implemented and the map can be seen at the same time as the truck is manoeuvred.

Machine learning techniques have been widely used for classification problems in computational biology. They require that the input must be a collection of fixedlength feature vectors. Since proteins are of varying lengths, there is a need for a means of representing protein sequences by a fixed-number of features. This thesis introduces three novel methods for this purpose: n-peptide compositions with reduced alphabets, pairwise similarity scores by maximal unique matches, and pairwise similarity scores by probabilistic suffix trees. New sequence representations described in the thesis are applied on three challenging problems of computational biology: remote homology detection, subcellular localization prediction, and solvent accessibility prediction, with some problem-specific modifications. Rigorous experiments are conducted on common benchmarking datasets, and a comparative analysis is performed between the new methods and the existing ones for each problem. On remote homology detection tests, all three methods achieve competitive accuracies with the state-of-the-art methods, while being much more efficient. A combination of new representations are used to devise a hybrid system, called PredLOC, for predicting subcellular localization of proteins and it is tested on two distinct eukaryotic datasets. To the best of author&rsquo / s knowledge, the accuracy achieved by PredLOC is the highest one ever reported on those datasets. The maximal unique match method is resulted with only a slight improvement in solvent accessibility predictions.

藉由提供多樣式委託提供交易人直接反應各月份合約價格關係的管道，促進市場活絡, 滿足本國選擇權市場交易人的策略交易需求，增加交易誘因,有關選擇權當日有效策略交易就系統之影響及相關配套措施提出建議以利系統設計之參考及進一步研究跨市場或更複雜之策略交易研究之參考。

Doctor of Philosophy / Division of Biology / Brett K. Sandercock / Impacts of climate change on biological systems include shifts in seasonal phenology. How do migratory animals adjust reproductive decisions as they shift timing of breeding? I investigated patterns of climate change at a network of Arctic sites in Alaska and Canada, and examined the impacts of climate change on the breeding phenology, reproductive performance, and trophic interactions of Arctic-breeding shorebirds. First, I compared the breeding performance of three species, Western Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper, and Red-necked Phalaropes, at Nome, Alaska, across a 14-year interval. I found that shorebirds responded to a decreasing temperature during laying by delaying timing of breeding. Delayed breeding shortened the incubation duration for two biparental species but extended incubation for a uniparental species. Despite a short Arctic summer, the breeding windows of three sympatric species were temporally distinct. The three species often nested within several meters from each other, but bred under different temperature regimes and adjusted their reproductive output to different sets of environmental factors. Shifts in breeding phenology can disrupt trophic interactions, especially the phenological match between peak prey availability and hatching of shorebirds. Comparing the extent of phenological mismatch between six shorebirds and their invertebrate prey at ten Arctic sites, peak demand of shorebird broods occurred on average 3.8 days (± 13.8) later than local food peaks, and population demand curves overlapped with food curves by 47% (± 14%). Latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the extent of trophic mismatch were mediated through geographic variation in the seasonal phenology of invertebrates and shorebirds. For individual nests, both more northerly and easterly sites showed greater phenological mismatch with annual food peaks. Delayed emergence of food peaks at more northerly and easterly sites alleviated the extent of phenological mismatch. My multi-site study provides the first evidence that large-scale geographic processes can determine the extent of phenological mismatch in a bitrophic system. Trends of climate change are sensitive to breeding stages and also vary along a longitudinal gradient. Variability in climatic trends in the Arctic, combined with species-dependent responses to local climate change, indicate that it will be challenging to predict the impacts of future climate change.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio_LS.pdf: 1955029 bytes, checksum: 8e0fa408c324ef805ccd084d89be3a06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The history match procedure in an oil reservoir is of paramount importance in order to obtain a characterization of the reservoir parameters (statics and dynamics) that implicates in a predict production more perfected. Throughout this process one can find reservoir model parameters which are able to reproduce the behaviour of a real reservoir.Thus, this reservoir model may be used to predict production and can aid the oil file management. During the history match procedure the reservoir model parameters are modified and for every new set of reservoir model parameters found, a fluid flow simulation is performed so that it is possible to evaluate weather or not this new set of parameters reproduces the observations in the actual reservoir. The reservoir is said to be matched when the discrepancies between the model predictions and the observations of the real reservoir are below a certain tolerance. The determination of the model parameters via history matching requires the minimisation of an objective function (difference between the observed and simulated productions according to a chosen norm) in a parameter space populated by many local minima. In other words, more than one set of reservoir model parameters fits the observation. With respect to the non-uniqueness of the solution, the inverse problem associated to history match is ill-posed. In order to reduce this ambiguity, it is necessary to incorporate a priori information and constraints in the model reservoir parameters to be determined. In this dissertation, the regularization of the inverse problem associated to the history match was performed via the introduction of a smoothness constraint in the following parameter: permeability and porosity. This constraint has geological bias of asserting that these two properties smoothly vary in space. In this sense, it is necessary to find the right relative weight of this constrain in the objective function that stabilizes the inversion and yet, introduces minimum bias. A sequential search method called COMPLEX was used to find the reservoir model parameters that best reproduce the observations of a semi-synthetic model. This method does not require the usage of derivatives when searching for the minimum of the objective function. Here, it is shown that the judicious introduction of the smoothness constraint in the objective function formulation reduces the associated ambiguity and introduces minimum bias in the estimates of permeability and porosity of the semi-synthetic reservoir model / O processo de ajuste de hist?rico de produ??o em um reservat?rio de petr?leo ? de fundamental import?ncia para que se possa obter uma caracteriza??o dos par?metros do reservat?rio (est?ticos e din?micos) que implique em uma previs?o de produ??o mais acurada. Atrav?s deste processo pode-se encontrar par?metros para um modelo de reservat?rio que sejam capazes de reproduzir o comportamento do reservat?rio real. Assim, esse modelo de reservat?rio pode ser utilizado em previs?es de produ??o e no aux?lio ao gerenciamento do campo de ?leo/g?s. No processo de ajuste de hist?rico, os par?metros do modelo do reservat?rio s?o modificados e para cada modelo com o novo conjunto de par?metros, uma simula??o de fluxo ? realizada para que se possa avaliar se este conjunto reproduz ou n?o as curvas de produ??o de um reservat?rio real. O reservat?rio ? ajustado quando as discrep?ncias entre as previs?es do modelo de reservat?rio e a do reservat?rio real s?o abaixo de certa toler?ncia. Determinar um modelo de reservat?rio por meio do processo de ajuste de hist?rico requer a minimiza??o de uma fun??o objetivo (diferen?a entre a produ??o observada e simulada) em um espa?o de par?metros que em geral possui muitos m?nimos, ou seja, mais de um modelo de reservat?rio ajusta as observa??es. No sentido da n?o-unicidade da solu??o, o problema inverso associado ao processo de ajuste de hist?rico ? mal-posto. A fim de reduzir esta ambig?idade e regularizar o problema, ? necess?ria a incorpora??o de informa??es a priori e de v?nculos nos par?metros do reservat?rio a serem determinados. Neste trabalho, a regulariza??o do problema inverso associado ao ajuste de hist?rico foi realizada por meio da introdu??o de um v?nculo de suavidade nos par?metros: porosidade e permeabilidade, de um reservat?rio. Esse v?nculo possui o vi?s geol?gico de que os valores de porosidade e permeabilidade variam suavemente ao longo do reservat?rio. Nesse sentido, ? necess?rio encontrar um valor do peso deste v?nculo, na fun??o objetivo, que estabilize o problema e ainda introduza nos par?metros do modelo de reservat?rio o menor vi?s geol?gico poss?vel

Submitted by Anderson do Nascimento Ricci (anderson.ricci@fgv.br) on 2018-07-23T14:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 J.Ribeiro da Silva_Tese FGV.pdf: 2952965 bytes, checksum: 91408927dff5ec9499641b2db136c131 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-07-24T13:39:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 J.Ribeiro da Silva_Tese FGV.pdf: 2952965 bytes, checksum: 91408927dff5ec9499641b2db136c131 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T18:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 J.Ribeiro da Silva_Tese FGV.pdf: 2952965 bytes, checksum: 91408927dff5ec9499641b2db136c131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-20 / Purpose – The Match-up hypothesis is a concept which suggests that the stronger the match (i.e. the congruence, adequacy), between both a celebrity and a product, the more effective an endorsement will be. In this paper, we pretend to examine the mentioned match-up hypothesis under a social class perspective. Design/Methodology – An experiment, consisting of two surveys, was conducted to evaluate both the perceived adequacy of a celebrity-product match and its impact on consumers’ purchase intentions. Findings – Results revealed that, although the match enhanced consumer’s perceived adequacy, this rise was not translated into greater purchase intentions. Research limitations – The usage of only one product category, as well as differences regarding personal preferences and biases stemming from the non-probabilistic sampling method, were some of the limitations faced during the research. In addition, the lack of information about the topic, since it had never been studied, corresponded to another limitation. Practical implications – By acknowledging that consumers do perceive an adequacy and match between the type of products and the celebrities’ social class, companies, through their marketing and communication departments, are able to create, design and “shape” specific strategies in order to increase both the effectiveness of endorsements and consumers’’ engagement. Social implications – As a result of its marketing nature and company specific focus, the present research does not offer a wide spectrum of social implications. However, one might consider the understanding of an existing cognitive association, as well as a mental construct, between consumers’ minds and the social characteristics of the elements involved in a consumption decision as a major contribution in this field. Originality - Extant literature has only focused on the celebrity’s attractiveness (physical and/or intellectual) and credibility (expertness and trustworthiness), being the present work the first to focus and explore other perspectives and characteristics such as the social class. / Objetivo – A teoria de “Match-up hypothesis” (hipótese de combinação) é um conceito que sugere que quanto mais intensa, forte, for a combinação (i.e., a congruência ou adequação) entre a celebridade e o produto promovido, maior será a eficácia do endosso. Neste trabalho, nós pretendemos examinar o referido conceito e o impacto do mesmo sob uma perspectiva de classe social. Metodologia – Um experimento/estudo, consistindo em dois questionários, foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar tanto a adequação percebida entre celebridade e produto, assim como o impacto da última nas intenções de compra dos consumidores. Resultados – Os resultados revelaram que, não obstante ao facto do o referido “match” realçar e aumentar a adequação percebida pelo consumidor, esse aumento não se traduz num crescimento das intenções de compra. Limitações – A utilização de apenas uma categoria de produtos, assim como as diferenças relacionadas com preferências pessoais e enviesamento decorrente de um método de amostragem não probabilística, foram algumas das limitações enfrentadas durante a pesquisa conduzida. Adicionalmente, a falta de informação e dados sobre o tópico discutido, uma vez que nunca fora antes estudado, correspondeu a outra limitação. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Ao reconhecer que os consumidores são capazes de entender a existência de um “match”, uma relação, entre o tipo de produtos e a classe social da celebridade, as empresas podem criar, projetar e “desenhar” estratégias específicas de forma a aumentar não só a eficácia do endosso como também o engajamento dos consumidores. Contribuições para a sociedade – Devido à natureza do trabalho e ao seu foco nas ações de uma empresa, o presente estudo não oferece um espectro muito alargado de contribuições no campo social. Todavia, o reconhecimento da existência de uma associação cognitiva, assim como de construções mentais, entre a mente dos consumidores e as características sociais dos elementos envolvidos na decisão de consumo pode ser considerado o maior contributo do estudo neste campo em análise. Originalidade – A literatura existente tem-se apenas focado na atratividade (aparência, física e/ou intelectual) e na credibilidade (perícia e confiança) de uma celebridade, sendo o presente trabalho o primeiro a focar-se e explorar outras perspectivas e características tais como a classe social.

A análise de jogo é uma área de recente história acadêmica na qual ainda predominam investigações de caráter exploratório, o que se pode observar na literatura pela grande variedade de abordagens adotadas. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia fundamentada na representação do status da relação de oposição entre as equipes para o estudo da circulação da bola em diferentes situações da fase ofensiva. Essa representação contemplou parâmetros essenciais das situações de jogo: as condições espaciais, temporais e técnico-táticas das ações ofensivas. A principal referência espacial utilizada foi o conceito de espaço de ocupação defensiva (EOD). A dinâmica das situações foi apreendida mediante a ordenação temporal das ações permitindo identificar encadeamentos de ações ofensivas espaço temporalmente estruturadas na forma de padrões. Esses padrões foram pré-concebidos para atender às diferentes possibilidades de circulação da bola em relação ao EOD. Uma analise das características da circulação da bola na fase ofensiva em equipes européias de altíssimo nível competitivo foi realizada como forma de explorar as potencialidades e limitações dessa metodologia / Match analysis is a recent academic research field in which exploratory investigations still predominate. One can see that in literature by the broad range of adopted approaches. In this work is presented a methodology grounded in the representation of oppositional relation status to the study of ball circulation in different situations of offensive phase. This representation considered essential parameters of match situations: spatial, temporal and technical-tactical conditions of offensive actions. The main spatial reference adopted was the concept of space of defensive occupation (SDO). The situations dynamics was captured trough the temporal ordering of actions allowing the recognition of chains of offensive actions spacetemporally structured in form of patterns. These patterns were pre-conceived to encompass the possible different ways of ball circulation in relation to the SDO. An analysis of ball circulation characteristics in the offensive phase of very high level European teams was conducted to explore the potentialities and limitations of this methodology

In this project-collaboration between Växjö University and Sideum company- a matchmakingportal is designed. This portal’s purpose is to ease the communication betweenVäxjö university’s students who are interested in doing their final thesis/project in anenvironment outside the university and companies which have some appropriatethesis/projects for these students and would like their projects to be done by them.There are different kinds of users that have different roles on this portal. The majorusers are students and companies which take the most advantage of this website.Once a student registers her name and completes her profile, she will receive emailscontaining information about uploaded projects on the portal by companies, which aresuitable according to what she already has mentioned in her profile. She can also searchherself to find her desired project as soon as companies upload their projects on the portal.On the other hand companies can search to find students who meet their requirements.Administrators of the portal are able to do match-making between students andcompanies. They access to every part of the portal and have right to edit, delete, change,upload, making reports and supervise the system.Other groups are guests of system. Guests are users of the system who are not registeredyet, they will not receive any email about uploaded thesis/projects on the portal but theycan search for them, themselves.

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka skillnaden mellan en mänsklig influencer och en virtuell influencers effekt på en konsuments varumärkesattityd och köpintention när ett varumärke marknadsförs på sociala medier. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Populationen som avses studeras är svenska Instagram-användare mellan 15 och 60 år. Urvalet är baserat på ett icke-slumpmässigt urval. Data har samlats in genom en webb-baserat enkät. Enkäten resulterade i 182 godtagbara svar som har analyserats via statistikprogrammen Jamovi och SmartPLS. En deskriptiv analys, ensidiga och parade t-tester, korrelationsanalys samt strukturerad ekvationsmodellering har använts för att tolka studiens resultat. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att både en mänsklig- och en virtuell influencer har en effekt på en konsuments varumärkesattityd och köpintention. Effekten av en konsuments köpintention förmedlas i båda fall genom den varumärkesattityd respektive form av influencer genererat. Utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk har studien även kunnat visa att olika faktorer har en relation till en mänsklig- respektive virtuell influencer, trots att de marknadsför samma varumärke. Bidrag: Studien bidrar till teoretisk kunskap om att en virtuell influencer har en effekt på en konsuments varumärkesattityd samt köpintention. Studien bidrar även med kunskap om att det finns olika faktorer som har en relation till en konsuments varumärkesattityd och köpintention i relation till en mänsklig- respektive virtuell form av influencer. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vidare forskning föreslås undersöka personlighetsdrag som är kopplade till en större omtyckbarhet gentemot virtuella influencers. En replikering med modifiering föreslås även samt studier om vilka organisationer/branscher som kan dra fördelar från att använda en virtuell influencer i sin marknadsföring. / Aim: The purpose is to investigate the difference between a human influencer and a virtual influencer's effect on a consumer's brand attitude and purchase intention when a brand is marketed through social media. Method: The study applies a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. The population to be studied is Swedish Instagram users between the ages of 15 and 60. The selection of respondents is based on a non-random sample. Data has been collected through a web-based survey. The survey resulted in a total number of 182 respondents. The data has been analyzed through the statistical programs Jamovi and SmartPLS. A descriptive analysis, one-sided and paired t-tests, correlation analysis and structured equation modeling have been used to interpret the study's results. Result and conclusions: The result of this study shows that both a human- and a virtual influencer have an effect on a consumer's brand attitude and purchase intention. In both cases, the effect of a consumer's purchase intention is mediated by the brand attitude the influencer has generated. Based on the study's theoretical framework, the study has also been able to show that different factors have a relationship to a human- and virtual influencer, even though they are marketing the same brand. Contribution: The study contributes to theoretical knowledge that a virtual influencer has an effect on a consumer's brand attitude and purchase intention. The study also contributes to the knowledge that there are different factors that have a relationship to a consumer's brand attitude and purchase intention in relation to a human- or virtual form of influencer. Suggestion for future research: Further research is suggested to investigate personality traits that are connected to a greater likability towards virtual influencers. A replication with modification is also proposed as well as a study on which type of organizations/industries that can benefit from using a virtual influencer in their marketing.

Name: Assessment of individual game performance in football players U10 Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the success rate of the chosen playing skills in competitive matches in the U10 category in football. Methods: The researched group was made of fifteen individuals, including two goalkeepers, with the average age 10 years, ± 0,5 year. The individuals were observed and evaluated in five matches. The method of analysis was used to gather the data. The data were taken down by the scale system and written into the recording sheet. Three football skills were chosen for the research - pass, dribbling past the opponent, and ball reception. Nonparametric coefficient r was used for the determination of material significance of the differences. Results: Much higher success rate of the pass was discovered on the defensive half in comparison to the attacking half (85,84 % vs. 72,37 %; r = 0,83). Dribbling past the opponent was more frequent on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (28,37 vs. 21,67; coefficient r = 0,78), however, there was not any significant difference in the success on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (57,39 % vs. 53,39 %; coefficient r = 0,27). Player's passes were more successful compared to their dribbling-past-the-opponent skill...